Endometrial Cancer: Analysing Patterns of Recurrence and Real-Life Outcome Data Using the 2020 ESGO-ESTRO-ESP Risk Stratification System.

Aims: To evaluate patterns of recurrence and explore the prognostic differences between the 2018 FIGO staging system and the 2020 ESGO-ESTRO-ESP risk stratification system of endometrial cancer with an emphasis on early-stage disease.

Background: The incidence of endometrial cancer has risen by around 60% since the 90's. It is projected that by 2035 endometrial cancer will be the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death amongst females.

A UK framework for the assessment and integration of different scientific evidence streams in chemical risk assessment.

Background: Few methods are available for transparently combining different evidence streams for chemical risk assessment to reach an integrated conclusion on the probability of causation. Hence, the UK Committees on Toxicity (COT) and on Carcinogenicity (COC) have reviewed current practice and developed guidance on how to achieve this in a transparent manner, using graphical visualisation.

Methods/approach: All lines of evidence, including toxicological, epidemiological, new approach methodologies, and mode of action should be considered, taking account of their strengths/weaknesses in their relative weighting towards a conclusion on the probability of causation.

Severity of effect considerations regarding the use of mutation as a toxicological endpoint for risk assessment: A report from the 8th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT).

Exposure levels without appreciable human health risk may be determined by dividing a point of departure on a dose-response curve (e.g., benchmark dose) by a composite adjustment factor (AF).

Prospective evaluation of acute neurological events after paediatric cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Children with CHD are at heightened risk of neurodevelopmental problems; however, the contribution of acute neurological events specifically linked to the perioperative period is unclear.

Aims: This secondary analysis aimed to quantify the incidence of acute neurological events in a UK paediatric cardiac surgery population, identify risk factors, and assess how acute neurological events impacted the early post-operative pathway.

Methods: Post-operative data were collected prospectively on 3090 consecutive cardiac surgeries between October 2015 and June 2017 in 5 centres.

Detailed study of collagen, vasculature, and innervation in the human cardiac conduction system.

Background: The cardiac conduction system (CCS) creates and propagates electrical signals generating the heartbeat. This study aimed to assess the collagen content, vasculature, and innervation in the human sinoatrial and atrioventricular CCS, and surrounding tissue.

Materials And Methods: Ten sinoatrial and 17 atrioventricular CCS samples were collected from 17 adult human autopsied hearts.

Evaluating the Utility of a Near-Peer Situation-Based Course to Prepare Medical Students for the UK Foundation Programme: A Pilot Study.

Background: Starting the Foundation Programme can be challenging for many medical graduates, as medical school alone may not adequately prepare them for complex tasks like managing comorbidities or emergencies. Growing evidence supports the role of transition interventions to meet this knowledge gap, however data on the utility of situation-based learning are limited. This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of a near-peer case-based course in improving knowledge and preparedness for foundation training in recent medical graduates.

Public Mental Health Approaches to Online Radicalisation: An Empty Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: This systematic review seeks to position online radicalisation within whole system frameworks incorporating individual, family, community and wider structural influences whilst reporting evidence of public mental health approaches for individuals engaging in radical online content.

Methods: the authors searched Medline (via Ovid), PsycInfo (via Ebscohost) and Web of Science (Core Collection) with the use of Boolean operators across "extremism", "online content" and "intervention".

Results: Following full-text assessments, all retrieved papers were excluded.

Histological evidence of a connection between true and false lumen in spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

The pathophysiological mechanism underlying spontaneous coronary artery dissection remains unclear. Although an endothelial-intimal disruption is assumed to be involved as either a primary or secondary event, the presence of a tear in the coronary intima has not been histologically presented, to our knowledge. We present three autopsy cases of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in which histopathological examination revealed an intimal tear and connection between true and false lumen in the area of the dissection.

Cohort profile: rationale and methods of UK Biobank repeat imaging study eye measures to study dementia.

Purpose: The retina provides biomarkers of neuronal and vascular health that offer promising insights into cognitive ageing, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This article described the rationale and methodology of eye and vision assessments with the aim of supporting the study of dementia in the UK Biobank Repeat Imaging study.

Participants: UK Biobank is a large-scale, multicentre, prospective cohort containing in-depth genetic, lifestyle, environmental and health information from half a million participants aged 40-69 enrolled in 2006-2010 across the UK.

Assessing the quality and making appropriate use of historical negative control data: A report of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT).

Historical negative control data (HCD) have played an increasingly important role in interpreting the results of genotoxicity tests. In particular, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) genetic toxicology test guidelines recommend comparing responses produced by exposure to test substances with the distribution of HCD as one of three criteria for evaluating and interpreting study results (referred to herein as "Criterion C"). Because of the potential for inconsistency in how HCD are acquired, maintained, described, and used to interpret genotoxicity testing results, a workgroup of the International Workshops for Genotoxicity Testing was convened to provide recommendations on this crucial topic.

Amputation of the Unsalvageable Leg in Vascular Patients with Cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of major lower limb amputation (MLA) in patients with and without cancer and with cancer patients receiving palliation over amputation for their unsalvageable limb.

Methods: Cancer patients who underwent a major amputation or palliation between 2013 and 2018 were included. Comparison groups were cancer-MLA (active/managed cancers), non-cancer MLA (historic cancer or no cancer history) and cancer-palliation at presentation with unsalvageable limbs.

Outcomes Post-Nick's Aortic Root Enlargement Technique: Single-Center Experience.

Background:  Different techniques for aortic root enlargement (ARE) have been reported in the literature. Each technique comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. We report our outcomes of Nick's technique for ARE.

Dataset for the reporting of neoplasms of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR).

The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) was founded by major pathology organizations from around the world to produce internationally standardized and evidence-based datasets for pathologists' reporting of cancer. Its goal is to improve cancer patient outcomes worldwide and to advance international benchmarking in cancer management. The ICCR cancer dataset development schedule is aligned with revisions of the WHO Classification of Tumours ("Blue Book") series, and in 2015 ICCR developed an initial series of thoracic datasets including a dataset for neoplasms of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels.

Sudden unexpected death: a national programme which will establish genetic testing and cardiological screening of families in the UK.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people is due to genetic cardiac causes in the majority of cases. In UK all cases have an autopsy and results are given to the family. We now have  a national pathway with detailed programme to establish that all members of the family  are screened by cardiologists in inherited cardiac centres .

Precision fMRI reveals that the language-selective network supports both phrase-structure building and lexical access during language production.

A fronto-temporal brain network has long been implicated in language comprehension. However, this network's role in language production remains debated. In particular, it remains unclear whether all or only some language regions contribute to production, and which aspects of production these regions support.

Commentary: statistical analysis of 2 × 2 tables in biomarker studies 2) study design and statistical tests.

In this article the importance of study design will be emphasized, statistical methods for analysing the data are described and some of the implications of these method are discussed. How these issues relate to the use of SpIN and SnOUT rules are reviewed.

Commentary: statistical analysis of 2 × 2 tables in biomarker studies 3) design, interpretation and guidelines.

This article discusses issues associated with the design and interpretation of biomarker studies, points to various guidelines and lists points to look out for in assessing studies.

Commentary: statistical analysis of 2 × 2 tables in biomarker studies 1) the four 'indices of test validity'.

Diagnostic statistics such as sensitivity and specificity are widely used in the assessment of biomarkers. Interpretation of these and other statistics derived from a 2 × 2 table can be complex. The properties of the commonly used statistics are discussed.

Self-harm, dentofacial features, and bullying.

Introduction: Self-harm is a growing public health problem. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-harm among a representative sample of school children and the contribution of dentofacial appearance and being bullied because of dentofacial appearance to self-harm.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which a representative sample of eighth-grade students (aged 13-14 years) from randomly selected schools was asked to complete anonymous questionnaires distributed in the classroom.