Imagine, Discover, Inspire: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society.

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is present in a significant number of children and adults around the world and is associated with cognitive and medical challenges. Through research, the T21 Research Society (T21RS), established in 2014, unites a worldwide community dedicated to understanding the impact of T21 on biological systems and improving the quality of life of people with DS across the lifespan. T21RS hosts an international conference every two years to support collaboration, dissemination, and information sharing for this goal.

Comprehensive histopathological analysis of gastric cancer in European and Latin America populations reveals differences in PDL1, HER2, p53 and MUC6 expression.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) burden is currently evolving with regional differences associated with complex behavioural, environmental, and genetic risk factors. The LEGACy study is a Horizon 2020-funded multi-institutional research project conducted prospectively to provide comprehensive data on the tumour biological characteristics of gastroesophageal cancer from European and LATAM countries.

Material And Methods: Treatment-naïve advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were prospectively recruited in seven European and LATAM countries.

Changes in CD4 T cells subsets in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.

Alcohol-related cirrhosis (AC) is a condition that impacts in immunity. We analyzed changes over time in CD4subsets in AC-patients. We included patients with alcohol use disorder admitted at least twice for treatment.

The Stockholm early detection of cancer study (STEADY-CAN): rationale, design, data collection, and baseline characteristics for 2.7 million participants.

The Stockholm Early Detection of Cancer Study (STEADY-CAN) cohort was established to investigate strategies for early cancer detection in a population-based context within Stockholm County, the capital region of Sweden. Utilising real-world data to explore cancer-related healthcare patterns and outcomes, the cohort links extensive clinical and laboratory data from both inpatient and outpatient care in the region. The dataset includes demographic information, detailed diagnostic codes, laboratory results, prescribed medications, and healthcare utilisation data.

More micrometastases, more recurrence? The role of qPCR of PSA mRNA in lymph nodes during prostatectomy.

Background And Objectives: Radical prostatectomy is a standard treatment for prostate cancer, yet about 30% of patients experience rising biochemical markers within a decade post-surgery. Pelvic lymph node sampling during prostatectomy assesses potential lymph node metastases, but standard histological assessments, which typically examine only 2-3 tissue sections, often miss occult metastases. This study assesses the effectiveness of qPCR in detecting PSA coding KLK3 mRNA for identifying lymph node metastases post-prostatectomy and explores the correlation between PSA-mRNA and biochemical recurrence.

The sarcoma ring trial: a case-based analysis of inter-center agreement across 21 German-speaking sarcoma centers.

Purpose: The management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at reference centers with specialized multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) improves patient survival. The German Cancer Society (DKG) certifies sarcoma centers in German-speaking countries, promoting high standards of care. This study investigated the variability in treatment recommendations for localized STS across different German-speaking tertiary sarcoma centers.

Evaluation of ST-segment and T-wave changes associated with NSTE-ACS in patients with RBBB: a nested case-control study design.

Patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency department (ED) require rapid and accurate electrocardiographic (ECG) evaluation. This study aims to assess conventional ECG markers for diagnosing non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) in patients with chest discomfort and right bundle branch block (RBBB). A nested case-control design was employed to compare patients with RBBB admitted to the ED for suspected cardiac ischemia, focusing on those who developed NSTE-ACS versus those who did not.

Inflammatory markers predict efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a preliminary exploratory study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte count to monocyte count ratio (LMR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet count multiplied by neutrophil count to lymphocyte count ratio (SII), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), packed cell volume (PCV), and plateletcrit (PCT) levels in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Materials And Methods: From March 2019 to August 2023, we screened 104 of 153 patients with stage III unresectable local advanced NSCLC and IV NSCLC who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy at our hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis. All patients were collected for clinical information, including baseline blood indicator (NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, CRP, RDW, PCV and PCT) levels before PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy and blood indicator levels and imaging evaluation results every two cycles after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.

Association between dysphagia and social isolation in community-dwelling older people.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the relationship between dysphagia and social isolation among community-dwelling older people.

Methods: The study participants were 238 community-dwelling older people (168 women; mean age, 74.0 ± 5.

Harmonious ageing: a narrative review of music therapy in the biomedical literature.

Purpose: As the global population of older adults rises, the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030) advocates for disease prevention, management, and enhancing overall wellbeing in older adults. We reviewed the MEDLINE literature under the MeSH term "music therapy" (MT), for its role in promoting healthy ageing.

Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE biomedical database (Ovid) was conducted using "MT" and "Ageing" as keywords, retrieving relevant full-text studies in English.

Evaluation of the protective role of resveratrol on LPS-induced septic intestinal barrier function via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways.

The intestinal barrier function is a critical defense mechanism in the human body, serving as both the primary target and initiating organ in cases of sepsis. Preserving the integrity of this barrier is essential for preventing complications and diseases, including sepsis and mortality. Despite this importance, the impact of resveratrol on intestinal barrier function remains unclear.

Treatment patterns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the tiered medical system.

China has implemented the "tiered medical services" policy since 2015, while there is a paucity of data evaluating the the current status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management under the system. Characteristics and treatments from 11,905 COPD patients in 88 hospitals across different tiers in China were included and analyzed. We assessed the statistical significance of differences by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and with the chi-squared test for categorical variables.

Differential regulatory effects of the N-terminal region in SYK-fusion kinases reveal unique activation-inducible nuclear translocation of ITK-SYK.

ITK-SYK and TEL-SYK (also known as ETV6-SYK) are human tumor-causing chimeric proteins containing the kinase region of SYK, and the membrane-targeting, N-terminal, PH-TH domain-doublet of ITK or the dimerizing SAM-PNT domain of TEL, respectively. ITK-SYK causes peripheral T cell lymphoma, while TEL-SYK was reported in myelodysplastic syndrome. BTK is a kinase highly related to ITK and to further delineate the role of the N-terminus, we generated the corresponding fusion-kinase BTK-SYK.

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant isolates among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Central South China: a multicenter study.

Background: The emergence of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a significant public health concern, as colistin has been the last resort for treating such infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant CRKP isolates in Central South China.

Methods: CRKP isolates from twelve hospitals in Central South China were screened for colistin resistance using broth microdilution.

Comparing COVID-19 literacy and vaccine hesitancy among health care workers, including oral health professionals, in Japan.

Background: Oral health professionals should have good COVID-19 vaccine literacy as should physicians and nurses. However, little is known about COVID-19 literacy and vaccine hesitancy among oral health professionals in Japan.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the status of COVID-19 literacy and vaccine hesitancy among oral health professionals by comparing them with other healthcare workers (HCWs).

Single-arm multicenter phase II study on aggressive local consolidative therapy in combination with systemic chemotherapy for stage IV non-small cell lung carcinoma with oligometastases: CURE-OLIGO (TORG1529).

Introduction: Stage IV non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with oligometastases is potentially curable by radical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for thoracic disease, including the primary lesion and lymph node metastases, combined with local consolidative therapy (LCT) for oligometastases.

Methods: This was a multicenter Phase II trial for patients with Stage IV NSCLC with oligometastases for whom CRT for thoracic disease was feasible.

Long-term prognostic impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist before ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes. Yet, the impact of GLP-1RA treatment before ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on long-term prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. In patients with STEMI and type 2 diabetes, we aimed to investigate the association between long-term prognosis and GLP-1RA treatment before STEMI.

Simulator training in focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE) for undergraduate medical students: results from the FateSim randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Ultrasound is important in heart diagnostics, yet implementing effective cardiac ultrasound requires training. While current strategies incorporate digital learning and ultrasound simulators, the effectiveness of these simulators for learning remains uncertain. This study evaluates the effectiveness of simulator-based versus human-based training in Focused Assessed with Transthoracic Echocardiography (FATE).

Anomalous left pulmonary artery: case reports exploring anatomic variants.

Background: Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) is a rare congenital anomaly where the left pulmonary artery (LPA) branches from the right pulmonary artery, compressing the trachea and esophagus and frequently leading to respiratory distress in infants. Surgical intervention, such as LPA reimplantation or translocation, is crucial to relieve airway compression and restore normal pulmonary function.

Case Presentation: This report highlights varied LPA anatomies, including a unique case of an anomalous LPA without true sling formation but causing tracheal compression, alongside two typical PAS cases.

Perioperative outcomes in an age-adapted analysis of the German StuDoQ|Pancreas registry for PDAC.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) typically occurs in an older patient population. Yet, early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) has one of the fastest growing incidence rates. This study investigated the influence of age and tumor location on postoperative morbidity and mortality in a large, real-world dataset.

Wealth-based inequalities in tuberculosis prevalence among households having children and young adults in India: insights from Indian demographic and health surveys (2015-2021).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions.

Proximity of maxillary molar palatal roots to adjacent structures for endodontic microsurgery: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

Background: The surgical complexity associated with the palatal roots of maxillary molars was considerably elevated. Previous studies on the relationships between maxillary molar roots and the maxillary sinus or cortical plates have focused on individual root observation without considering the positional relationship between buccal and palatal roots or analysing the surgical pathway of maxillary molar palatal roots. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maxillary molar palatal roots and adjacent anatomical structures to provide a reference for performing palatal roots endodontic microsurgery.

Study protocol for a Prospective Observational study of Safety Threats and Adverse events in Trauma (PrO-STAT): a pilot study at a level-1 trauma centre in Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries are a significant public health concern globally, resulting in substantial mortality, hospitalisation and healthcare burden. Despite the establishment of specialised trauma centres, there remains considerable variability in trauma-care practices and outcomes, particularly in the initial phase of trauma resuscitation in the trauma bay. This stage is prone to preventable errors leading to adverse events (AEs) that can impact patient outcomes.