Deconditioning in quiescent Crohn's Disease patients with heightened fatigue perception.

Background & Objective: IBD fatigue aetiology is poorly understood. This study quantified body composition and physical function alongside proton magnetic resonance imaging (1H MRI) and spectroscopy (31P MRS) measures of organ structure and function in quiescent Crohn's Disease patients (CD) and healthy volunteers (HV), to identify a physiological basis for IBD fatigue.

Methods: Body composition was determined using DEXA and 1H MRI.

Extravasation with methylthioninium chloride.

Introduction: Methylthioninium chloride is used for multiple treatment purposes and is sometimes administered through peripheral intravenous lines. We highlight the potential adverse effects of methylthioninium chloride extravasation during continuous peripheral intravenous administration.

Case Summary: A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with multifactorial hypovolemic and septic shock.

High-resolution and highly accelerated MRI T2 mapping as a tool to characterise renal tumour subtypes and grades.

Background: Clinical imaging tools to probe aggressiveness of renal masses are lacking, and T2-weighted imaging as an integral part of magnetic resonance imaging protocol only provides qualitative information. We developed high-resolution and accelerated T2 mapping methods based on echo merging and using k-t undersampling and reduced flip angles (TEMPURA) and tested their potential to quantify differences between renal tumour subtypes and grades.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with treatment-naïve renal tumours were imaged: seven renal oncocytomas (RO); one eosinophilic/oncocytic renal cell carcinoma; two chromophobe RCCs (chRCC); three papillary RCCs (pRCC); and twelve clear cell RCCs (ccRCC).

Free-Breathing Functional Pulmonary Proton MRI: A Novel Approach Using Voxel-Wise Lung Ventilation (VOLVE) Assessment in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: In respiratory medicine, there is a need for sensitive measures of regional lung function that can be performed using standard imaging technology, without the need for inhaled or intravenous contrast agents.

Purpose: To describe VOxel-wise Lung VEntilation (VOLVE), a new method for quantifying regional lung ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) using free-breathing proton MRI, and to evaluate VOLVE in healthy never-smokers, healthy people with smoking history, and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Study Type: Prospective pilot.

Fast and High-Resolution T Mapping Based on Echo Merging Plus k-t Undersampling with Reduced Refocusing Flip Angles (TEMPURA) as Methods for Human Renal MRI.

Purpose: To develop a highly accelerated multi-echo spin-echo method, TEMPURA, for reducing the acquisition time and/or increasing spatial resolution for kidney T mapping.

Methods: TEMPURA merges several adjacent echoes into one k-space by either combining independent echoes or sharing one echo between k-spaces. The combined k-space is reconstructed based on compressed sensing theory.

Improvements in Between-Vendor MRI Harmonization of Renal T Mapping using Stimulated Echo Compensation.

Background: T mapping is valuable to evaluate pathophysiology in kidney disease. However, variations in T relaxation time measurements across MR scanners and vendors may occur requiring additional correction.

Purpose: To harmonize renal T measurements between MR vendor platforms, and use an extended-phase-graph-based fitting method ("StimFit") to correct stimulated echoes and reduce between-vendor variations.

Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury using MRI.

There has been growing interest in using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to describe and understand the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). The ability to assess kidney blood flow, perfusion, oxygenation, and changes in tissue microstructure at repeated timepoints is hugely appealing, as this offers new possibilities to describe nature and severity of AKI, track the time-course to recovery or progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and may ultimately provide a method to noninvasively assess response to new therapies. This could have significant clinical implications considering that AKI is common (affecting more than 13 million people globally every year), harmful (associated with short and long-term morbidity and mortality), and currently lacks specific treatments.

An examination of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with active Crohn's disease.

Background: Alterations in resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in Crohn's Disease (CD) have been documented in default mode network (DMN) and frontal parietal network (FPN) areas, visual, cerebellar, salience and attention resting-state-networks (RSNs), constituting a CD specific neural phenotype. To date, most studies are in patients in remission, with limited studies in active disease.

Methods: Twenty five active CD cases and 25 age-, BMI- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited to a resting-state-functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) study.

Multiparametric Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction and Annual Monitoring of the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease over Two Years.

Background: Multiparametric renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method to assess kidney structure and function, but longitudinal studies are limited.

Methods: A total of 22 patients with CKD category G3-4 (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m) were recruited.

Randomized trial comparing standard versus thermocontrolled haemodialysis using intradialytic cardiac, brain and renal magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Ischaemic end-organ damage during haemodialysis (HD) is a significant problem that may be ameliorated by intradialytic cooling. A randomised trial was performed to compare standard HD (SHD; dialysate temperature 37°C) and programmed cooling of the dialysate [thermocontrolled HD (TCHD)] using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess structural, functional and blood flow changes in the heart, brain and kidneys.

Methods: Prevalent HD patients were randomly allocated to receive either SHD or TCHD for 2 weeks before undergoing serial MRI at four time points: pre-, during (30 min and 180 min) and post-dialysis.

Steps on the Path to Clinical Translation: A workshop by the British and Irish Chapter of the ISMRM.

The British and Irish Chapter of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (BIC-ISMRM) held a workshop entitled "Steps on the path to clinical translation" in Cardiff, UK, on 7th September 2022. The aim of the workshop was to promote discussion within the MR community about the problems and potential solutions for translating quantitative MR (qMR) imaging and spectroscopic biomarkers into clinical application and drug studies. Invited speakers presented the perspectives of radiologists, radiographers, clinical physicists, vendors, imaging Contract/Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), open science networks, metrologists, imaging networks, and those developing consensus methods.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate Kidney Structure, Function, and Pathology: Moving Toward Clinical Application.

Recent advances in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow multiple quantitative measures to assess kidney morphology, tissue microstructure, oxygenation, kidney blood flow, and perfusion to be collected in a single scan session. Animal and clinical studies have investigated the relationship between the different MRI measures and biological processes, although their interpretation can be complex due to variations in study design and generally small participant numbers. However, emerging themes include the apparent diffusion coefficient derived from diffusion-weighted imaging, T and T mapping parameters, and cortical perfusion being consistently associated with kidney damage and predicting kidney function decline.

Ensemble Kalman inversion for magnetic resonance elastography.

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an MRI-based diagnostic method for measuring mechanical properties of biological tissues. MRE measurements are processed by an inversion algorithm to produce a map of the biomechanical properties. In this paper a new and powerful method (ensemble Kalman inversion with level sets (EKI)) of MRE inversion is proposed and tested.

Variability of noninvasive MRI and biological markers in compensated cirrhosis: insights for assessing disease progression.

Background: We annually monitored stable compensated cirrhosis (CC) patients to evaluate serial variation in blood serum, liver stiffness, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) measures to provide reference change values (RCV) and sample size measures for future studies.

Methods: Patients were recruited from a prospectively followed CC cohort, with assessments at baseline and annually over three years. We report on blood markers, transient elastography liver stiffness measures (LSM) and noninvasive mpMRI (volume, T1 mapping, blood flow, perfusion) of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and heart in a stable CC group and a healthy volunteer (HV) group.

Fast Event-Related Mapping of Population Fingertip Tuning Properties in Human Sensorimotor Cortex at 7T.

fMRI studies that investigate somatotopic tactile representations in the human cortex typically use either block or phase-encoded stimulation designs. Event-related (ER) designs allow for more flexible and unpredictable stimulation sequences than the other methods, but they are less efficient. Here, we compared an efficiency-optimized fast ER design (2.

Clozapine Toxicity in Two Young Siblings Due to a Pharmacy Dispensing Error: a Pediatric Case Report.

Introduction: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat refractory schizophrenia; in both therapeutic use and overdose, it can cause significant toxicity. We report two young siblings who developed altered mental status after ingesting clozapine due to a pharmacy dispensing error.

Case Report: A 5-year-old girl and her 19-month-old sister presented to the emergency department (ED) with altered mental status after they took their first dose of what was believed to be cimetidine, prescribed to treat molluscum contagiosum.

Review article: The aetiology of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutic management strategies.

Background: Fatigue is the inability to achieve or maintain an expected work output resulting from central or peripheral mechanisms. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) fatigue can reach 86% in active disease, persisting in 50%-52% of patients with mild to inactive disease. Fatigue is the commonest reason for work absence in IBD, and patients often report fatigue burden to be greater than that of primary disease symptoms.

Comparison of continuous sampling with active noise cancelation and sparse sampling for cortical and subcortical auditory functional MRI.

Purpose: Detecting sound-related activity using functional MRI requires the auditory stimulus to be more salient than the intense background scanner acoustic noise. Various strategies can reduce the impact of scanner acoustic noise, including "sparse" temporal sampling with single/clustered acquisitions providing intervals without any background scanner acoustic noise, or active noise cancelation (ANC) during "continuous" temporal sampling, which generates an acoustic signal that adds destructively to the scanner acoustic noise, substantially reducing the acoustic energy at the participant's eardrum. Furthermore, multiband functional MRI allows multiple slices to be collected simultaneously, thereby reducing scanner acoustic noise in a given sampling period.

Consensus-Based Technical Recommendations for Clinical Translation of Renal Phase Contrast MRI.

Background: Phase-contrast (PC) MRI is a feasible and valid noninvasive technique to measure renal artery blood flow, showing potential to support diagnosis and monitoring of renal diseases. However, the variability in measured renal blood flow values across studies is large, most likely due to differences in PC-MRI acquisition and processing. Standardized acquisition and processing protocols are therefore needed to minimize this variability and maximize the potential of renal PC-MRI as a clinically useful tool.

Correction to: Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging to assess renal perfusion: a systematic review and statement paper.

The article Phase‑contrast magnetic resonance imaging to assess renal perfusion: a systematic review and statement paper, written by Giulia Villa, Steffen Ringgaard, Ingo Hermann, Rebecca Noble, Paolo Brambilla, Dinah S. Khatir, Frank G. Zöllner, Susan T.

Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal ASL MRI.

Objectives: This study aimed at developing technical recommendations for the acquisition, processing and analysis of renal ASL data in the human kidney at 1.5 T and 3 T field strengths that can promote standardization of renal perfusion measurements and facilitate the comparability of results across scanners and in multi-centre clinical studies.

Methods: An international panel of 23 renal ASL experts followed a modified Delphi process, including on-line surveys and two in-person meetings, to formulate a series of consensus statements regarding patient preparation, hardware, acquisition protocol, analysis steps and data reporting.

Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal BOLD MRI.

Harmonization of acquisition and analysis protocols is an important step in the validation of BOLD MRI as a renal biomarker. This harmonization initiative provides technical recommendations based on a consensus report with the aim to move towards standardized protocols that facilitate clinical translation and comparison of data across sites. We used a recently published systematic review paper, which included a detailed summary of renal BOLD MRI technical parameters and areas of investigation in its supplementary material, as the starting point in developing the survey questionnaires for seeking consensus.