Attachment of family to child with disability.

The development of attachment during the perinatal and/or postnatal periods between a child their mother, father and family as whole can be observed. This attachment provides the child with the safety and security feelings and may provide satisfaction to the mother and other family members. In children with physical and mental developmental disability, attachment may be challenged immediately after birth.

"Lack of knowledge is no excuse" HIV positive patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Case report from Kenya.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system, which has high morbidity and mortality and no effective, targeted therapies are available. According to the data from developing countries, it affects about 3 to 5% patients who are HIV positive. We present a case of a 27-year-old patient, who got infected with the HIV virus from his mother.

Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation in HIV-positive children in Cambodia.

Objective: To determine patterns of nasopharyngeal colonisation in HIV-positive children.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal, nasal and ear swabs were prospectively taken from all children living in two paediatric nursing homes for HIV-positive orphans in Cambodia from 2004 to 2011.

Results: A total of 882 swabs were taken, of which 586 tested positive for bacteria.

Numbers of non-severe as well as cerebral malaria cases are decreasing with higher altitude in Burundi Highlands, but still remains high.

Objective: We aimed to assess the occurrence of malaria-positive cases in 4 rural Burundian hospitals during December 2011 placed at different altitudes above sea level.

Methods: Diagnosis of malaria was made upon considering clinical symptoms, microscopic evaluation and rapid diagnostic test results. We performed analysis of patient's clinical data collected in 4 hospitals in Burundi to compare the occurrence of malaria at different altitudes.

Neurologic complications and sequellae of infectious diseases in Uganda and Kenya: Analysis of 288 cases from two rural hospitals.

Objective: Many infections occurring in area of Sub-Saharan Africa are associated with more or less serious neurologic symptoms or complications. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of selected infectious diseases in the equatorial part of Uganda and Kenya and to monitor potential neurological complications of these infections.

Methods: The study was performed for May - August 2008.

Neuropathic and neurocongnitive complications of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients.

The neurologic events related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected ART-naive patients are relatively common. Side effects of ART and complications of HIV infection may overlap significantly. Establishing etiology of neurologic (neuropathy and neuropathic pain, changes in cognition, dementia, and myelopathy) and psychiatric (neurocognitive disorders, depression, anxiety, substance abuse and dependence, and others) complications can present a significant challenge.

Radionavigated detection of sentinel nodes in breast carcinoma--first experiences of our department.

Introduction: Biopsy and histological evaluation of sentinel lymphatic node limits the axillary node dissection only in cases of positive histological finding and decreases the occurrence of postoperative complications related to the axillary node dissection.

Methods: We used radiotracer SentiScint, Medi-Radiopharma Ltd, Hungary and preoperatively administered blue dye--Blue Patenté V, Guebert, Aulnay-Sous-Bios, France. 11 (18%) patients were subdued to deep peritimorous application of radiotracer, 10 (16.

Occurrence of coronary heart diseases and hypertension among wine and concentrating alcohol consumers.

There was a significant difference in occurrence of coronary hearth disease and arterial hypertension occurrence in the sample of 16,345 patients living in northeast part of Slovak republic near Polish frontier versus to the viticulture regions of Nove Zamky, Sturovo in favour of villages in Bardejov region. Another difference was that 80 years and older respondents live significantly more frequently in south Slovakian viticulture villages.

Wine: positive and negative effects to neurologic, infectious and cardiovascular diseases.

Data on both positive (protective) and negative effect of wine on cardiovascular, neurologic and immune system are briefly reviewed.

Infectious embolisation to the central nervous system from endocarditis: analyses of 99 cases.

Within a cohort of 606 cases of infective endocarditis, 263 were complicated and 99 embolizing, of them 32 to the central nervous system (CNS). Significant predictors of CNS embolisation were inappropriate therapy (p<0.01) and enterococcal etiology (p<0.

Infectious diseases in disaster areas/catastrophes.

There is very little data and no prospective research possible in the field of catastrophic medicine (disaster medicine) including infectious diseases. This minireview tries to contribute to the pathogenesis and outcome of infectious diseases in areas after anthropogenic (war, genocide, terrorist attack, industrial disasters) and non anthropogenic (natural) catastrophes (earthquake, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes, volcano eruptions). Therefore ISC received a proposal to create a working group on infectious diseases in areas after catastrophes, better to understand epidemiology, prevention and therapy of infectious diseases occurring in conjunction to various anthropogenic and non anthropogenic (natural) disasters.