Correction to: Mechanistically elucidating the in vitro safety and efficacy of a novel doxorubicin derivative.

In the XML of the original article, M. Laird Forrest's name was tagged incorrectly. M.

Exercise in Pregnancy and Children's Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Maternal metabolic health during the prenatal period is an established determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk. Many studies have focused on poor offspring outcomes after exposure to poor maternal health, while few have systematically appraised the evidence surrounding the role of maternal exercise in decreasing this risk. The aim of this study is to characterize and quantify the specific impact of prenatal exercise on children's cardiometabolic health markers, at birth and in childhood.

A review of clinical treatment considerations of donepezil in severe Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 45 million people worldwide. Patients with severe AD require help with daily activities and show severe memory impairment. Currently, donepezil is one of two drugs approved by FDA and Health Canada for the treatment of severe AD (MMSE score <10).

Effect of Dietary Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) Supplementation on Ileal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens.

The dietary effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics on ileal mucosa and digesta microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens (n = 180). The study included three dietary treatments from d1 to 21: 1) positive control (PC), a wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet containing antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); 2) negative control (NC), as wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet without antibiotics; and 3) NC + FOS, as NC diet supplemented 0.5% of FOS.

Patients With a Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay Have Decreased Health-Related Quality of Life After Cardiac Surgery.

Cardiac surgery patients with a prolonged ICU length of stay (prICULOS) have lower rates of functional survival following their procedure, however detailed information on their health related quality of life (HRQoL) is lacking. We sought to investigate the potential need for intervention in these high-risk patients through comprehensive HRQoL assessments in the months to year following their surgery. A prospective, observational pilot study was undertaken and cardiac surgery patients with a prICULOS (ICU length of stay of ≥5 days) were recruited.

Phosphokinome Analysis of Barth Syndrome Lymphoblasts Identify Novel Targets in the Pathophysiology of the Disease.

Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease in which the specific biochemical deficit is a reduction in the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) as a result of a mutation in the CL transacylase tafazzin. We compared the phosphokinome profile in Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblasts prepared from a BTHS patient with that of an age-matched control individual. As expected, mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant (>90%) reduction in CL in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to controls.

Muscarinic Acetylcholine Type 1 Receptor Activity Constrains Neurite Outgrowth by Inhibiting Microtubule Polymerization and Mitochondrial Trafficking in Adult Sensory Neurons.

The muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (MR) is a metabotropic G protein-coupled receptor. Knockout of MR or exposure to selective or specific receptor antagonists elevates neurite outgrowth in adult sensory neurons and is therapeutic in diverse models of peripheral neuropathy. We tested the hypothesis that endogenous MR activation constrained neurite outgrowth via a negative impact on the cytoskeleton and subsequent mitochondrial trafficking.

Trait Emotional Empathy and Resting State Functional Connectivity in Default Mode, Salience, and Central Executive Networks.

Emotional empathy is the ability to experience and/or share another person’s emotional states and responses. Although some research has examined the neural correlates of emotional empathy, there has been little research investigating whether this component of empathy is related to the functional connectivity of resting state networks in the brain. In the current study, 32 participants answered a trait emotional empathy questionnaire in a session previous to their functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.

Future Trends and the Economic Burden of Dementia in Manitoba: Comparison with the Rest of Canada and the World.

Dementia is a growing public health concern in Canada. This epidemic is linked to huge human and economic costs. The number of Manitobans (65+) with dementia in 2045 (47,021), representing 2.

The effects of L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on homocysteine metabolism and haemostatic markers, and on cardiac and aortic histology in subchronically methionine-treated Wistar male rats.

Methionine is the precursor of homocysteine, a sulfur amino acid intermediate in the methylation and transsulfuration pathways; methionine-rich diets were used to induce hyperhomocysteinemia, and cardiovascular pathology was often observed. Other sulfur amino acids interfere with this metabolism, i.e.

Depressed mitochondrial function and electron transport Complex II-mediated HO production in the cortex of type 1 diabetic rodents.

Aims: Abnormalities in mitochondrial function under diabetic conditions can lead to deficits in function of cortical neurons and their support cells exhibiting a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to assess mitochondrial respiration rates and membrane potential or HO generation simultaneously and expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, ROS scavenging and AMPK/SIRT/PGC-1α pathway activity in cortex under diabetic conditions.

Methods: Cortical mitochondria from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats or mice, and aged-matched controls were used for simultaneous measurements of mitochondrial respiration rates and mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) or HO using OROBOROS oxygraph.

Early passaging of mesenchymal stem cells does not instigate significant modifications in their immunological behavior.

Background: Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young healthy donors are immunoprivileged and their clinical application for regenerative medicine is under evaluation. However, data from preclinical and initial clinical trials indicate that allogeneic MSCs after transplantation provoke a host immune response and are rejected. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of an increase in passage number in cell culture on immunoprivilege of the MSCs.

Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are produced in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the individual oxidized phosphatidylcholine (OxPC) molecules generated during renal ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Kidney ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by reperfusion for either 6h or 24h. Kidney tissue was subjected to lipid extraction.

Expression of human monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 improves mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome lymphoblasts.

The mitochondrial polyglycerophospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is remodeled to obtain specific fatty acyl chains. This is predominantly accomplished by the transacylase enzyme tafazzin (TAZ). Barth syndrome (BTHS) patients with gene mutations exhibit impaired TAZ activity and loss in mitochondrial respiratory function.

Biological Activities of Stilbenoids.

Stilbenoids are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species. They share a common backbone structure known as stilbene, but differ in the nature and position of substituents. Stilbenoids are classified as phytoalexins, which are antimicrobial compounds produced de novo in plants to protect against fungal infection and toxins.

Melatonin Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Attenuates Liver Injury in a Hypercholesterolemic Mouse Model.

Hypercholesterolemia increases and exacerbates stress signals leading also to liver damage (LD) and failure. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in lifespan extension and it plays an essential role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in liver hypercholesterolemic damage is not yet completely defined.

The association between bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity and patterns of sedentary behavior with frailty.

Objectives: To determine if bouts of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and patterns of sedentary behavior are associated with frailty.

Method: Accelerometry from community-dwelling adults ≥50 years old (n = 2317) enrolled in the 2003-04 and 2005-06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Bouted (≥10 min) and sporadic (<10 min) durations of MVPA were analyzed based on meeting 0%, 1-49%, 50-99%, and ≥100% of physical activity guidelines (150 min/week of MVPA).

Improving the Prediction of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially fatal complication of cardiac surgery. The inability to predict cardiac surgery-associated AKI is a major barrier to prevention and early treatment. Current clinical risk models for the prediction of cardiac surgery-associated AKI are insufficient, particularly in patients with preexisting kidney dysfunction.

Resting-State Network Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale.

Mindfulness refers to attending to moment-to-moment experiences with acceptance and no judgment. Several scales have been developed to quantify different components of mindfulness. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is particularly sensitive to trait mindfulness and is proposed to measure the attentional component of mindfulness.

Maternal hypercholesterolemia enhances oxysterol concentration in mothers and newly weaned offspring but is attenuated by maternal phytosterol supplementation.

In hypercholesterolemic pregnancies, the maternal environment is characterized by excessive levels of atherogenic lipids that may increase cardiovascular disease risk in mothers and their offspring. We examined the influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia and phytosterol (PS) intervention on the concentration and metabolism of oxysterols, bioactive oxygenated cholesterol derivatives that regulate arterial health and lesion progression, in mothers and their newly weaned offspring. Twenty-one female apoE mice were randomly assigned to three different diets throughout gestation and lactation: (1) chow, (2) high cholesterol (CH; 0.

Diversity in the emotional modulation of pain perception: An account of individual variability.

Background: While emotional state has been shown to modulate pain perception, there has been little consideration for the individual variability in this effect, or what factors may contribute to individual-level differences. The objective of this study was to characterize the variability in emotional modulation of pain in a healthy sample.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy, adult females participated in a heat pain-rating task.

Thiamin deficiency on fetal brain development with and without prenatal alcohol exposure.

Adequate thiamin levels are crucial for optimal health through maintenance of homeostasis and viability of metabolic enzymes, which require thiamine as a co-factor. Thiamin deficiency occurs during pregnancy when the dietary intake is inadequate or excessive alcohol is consumed. Thiamin deficiency leads to brain dysfunction because thiamin is involved in the synthesis of myelin and neurotransmitters (e.

Cardiac Clocks and Preclinical Translation.

Circadian rhythms are fundamentally important for cardiovascular health, including heart rate, blood pressure, and molecular gene and protein responses. Rhythms also play a direct role in the pathophysiology of heart disease, such as in the timing of onset and severity of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmias, and stroke. Importantly, a flurry of new studies reveals translational applications for circadian biology to clinical medicine, and especially cardiology.

Salience, central executive, and sensorimotor network functional connectivity alterations in failed back surgery syndrome.

Objective: This study examined the altered patterns of functional connectivity in task-positive resting state networks in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients compared to healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This work stems from a previous study in which alterations in the task-negative default mode network were investigated.

Design: Participants underwent a 7-minute resting state fMRI scan in which they lay still, with eyes closed, in the absence of a task.

Distinct effects of dietary flax compared to fish oil, soy protein compared to casein, and sex on the renal oxylipin profile in models of polycystic kidney disease.

Oxylipins are bioactive lipids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are important regulators of kidney function and health. Targeted lipidomic analyses of renal oxylipins from four studies of rodent models of renal disease were performed to investigate the differential effects of dietary flax compared to fish oil, soy protein compared to casein, and sex. Across all studies, dietary fish oil was more effective than flax oil in reducing n-6 PUFA derived oxylipins and elevating eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived oxylipins, whereas dietary flax oil resulted in higher α-linolenic acid (ALA) oxylipins.