Regulation of oxidative stress in the intestine of piglets after enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is recognized globally as a major gastrointestinal pathogen that impairs intestinal function. ETEC infection can lead to oxidative stress and disruption of intestinal integrity. The present study investigated the mechanism of increased oxidative stress and whether restoration of antioxidant defense could improve intestinal integrity in a piglet model with ETEC infection.

Direct aortic cannulation versus femoral arterial cannulation for early outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection: A study-level meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of direct aortic cannulation (DAC) versus femoral arterial cannulation (FAC) on clinical outcomes of surgery for acute type A aortic dissection.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until August 25, 2023, to conduct a meta-analysis. Primary endpoints of the study were operative mortality and postoperative stroke.

A muscarinic receptor antagonist reverses multiple indices of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: preclinical and clinical studies using oxybutynin.

Preclinical studies indicate that diverse muscarinic receptor antagonists, acting via the M sub-type, promote neuritogenesis from sensory neurons in vitro and prevent and/or reverse both structural and functional indices of neuropathy in rodent models of diabetes. We sought to translate this as a potential therapeutic approach against structural and functional indices of diabetic neuropathy using oxybutynin, a muscarinic antagonist approved for clinical use against overactive bladder. Studies were performed using sensory neurons maintained in vitro, rodent models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes and human subjects with type 2 diabetes and confirmed neuropathy.

CPAP Versus NIPPV Postextubation in Preterm Neonates: A Comparative-Effectiveness Study.

Background And Objectives: Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been shown to be superior to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) postextubation in preterm neonates. However, studies have not permitted high CPAP pressures or rescue with other modes. We hypothesized that if CPAP pressures >8 cmH2O and rescue with other modes were permitted, CPAP would be noninferior to NIPPV.

Doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyopathy is mitigated by empagliflozin via the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.

Doxorubicin (Dox) exhibits a high efficacy in the treatment of numerous types of cancer. However, the beneficial cytotoxic effects of Dox are often accompanied by an increase in the risk of cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in Dox‑induced cardiomyopathy (DIC).

Behavior of Hypertrophied Right Ventricle during the Development of Left Ventricular Failure Due to Myocardial Infarction.

In order to determine the behavior of the right ventricle, we have reviewed the existing literature in the area of cardiac remodeling, signal transduction pathways, subcellular mechanisms, β-adrenoreceptor-adenylyl cyclase system and myocardial catecholamine content during the development of left ventricular failure due to myocardial infarction. The right ventricle exhibited adaptive cardiac hypertrophy due to increases in different signal transduction pathways involving the activation of protein kinase C, phospholipase C and protein kinase A systems by elevated levels of vasoactive hormones such as catecholamines and angiotensin II in the circulation at early and moderate stages of heart failure. An increase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca transport without any changes in myofibrillar Ca-stimulated ATPase was observed in the right ventricle at early and moderate stages of heart failure.

The Perceval Sutureless Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve: Evolution of Surgical Valve Technology.

Objective: The surgical treatment of aortic stenosis continues to evolve, and sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) is an emerging technology. With the Perceval S (Corcym, London, UK) as the only true sutureless valve on the market, the objective of this review is to analyze the current literature on Perceval S. Focusing on valve design and deployment as well as applications of the technology for challenging pathology, clinical outcomes are assessed, including a comparison with transcatheter AVR (TAVR).

Impact of mitral stenosis on early and late outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: a single-center analysis.

Objectives: To assess the impact of concomitant mitral stenosis (MS) on early and late outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for aortic stenosis.

Methods: This study involved 952 patients undergoing TAVR for severe tricuspid aortic stenosis. The patients were classified into 3 groups: without MS, with progressive MS, and severe MS (mitral valve area ≤ 1.

Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a significant cause of chronic liver disease, presents a considerable public health concern. Despite this, there is currently no treatment available. This study aimed to investigate dietary flaxseed in the JCR:LA-corpulent rat strain model of NAFLD.

DIAPH1-MFN2 interaction decreases the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial distance and promotes cardiac injury following myocardial ischemia.

Contact between organelles such as the mitochondria (Mito) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial to coordinate vital cellular homeostatic processes. Here we discuss recent work showing that Mito-ER proximity is regulated by heterotypic complexes between the F-actin polymerizing protein Diaphanous-1) and the mitochondrial dynamics protein Mitofusin 2, which confers increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins are enriched in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive individuals at risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is typically preceded by an extended preclinical period where circulating autoantibodies, particularly anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), are detectable in the absence of clinical arthritis. Increased dietary intake of anti-inflammatory omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to be associated with a lower the risk of developing incident RA in large epidemiological studies. It is currently not known how changes in fatty acid (FA) metabolism may impact on the progression towards RA in at-risk individuals.

Species-specific oxylipins and the effects of ontogeny and predation on their emission from freshwater snails.

Chemical cues play important roles in mediating ecological interactions. Oxylipins, oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids, are one signalling molecule type that influences the physiology and function of species, suggesting their broader significance in chemical communication within aquatic systems. Yet, our current understanding of their function is restricted taxonomically and contextually making it difficult to infer their ecological significance.

Valvular Prostaglandins Are Elevated in Severe Human Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Background: Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valvular disease in the developed world. AVS involves the progressive fibrocalcific remodeling of the aortic valve (AV), which impairs function and can ultimately lead to heart failure. Due to gaps in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AVS, there are no pharmacological treatments or dietary interventions known to slow AVS progression.

Aortic versus axillary cannulation in acute type A aortic dissection repair: A meta-analysis.

Background: Research comparing the effectiveness of central aortic cannulation to axillary artery cannulation in repairing acute type A aortic dissection is limited and controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to compare early outcomes of central aortic cannulation versus axillary artery cannulation for surgery for acute aortic dissection type A.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to September 1, 2023.

Innovations in Aortic Valve Replacement: A Comprehensive Overview of the Intuity Rapid Deployment Valve.

Rapid deployment/sutureless (RDS) valves have recently emerged as an innovative surgical solution, providing an alternative to traditional methods of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) by eliminating the need for suture placement and tying. This innovation leads to a reduction in aortic crossclamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times, enhancing the efficiency of the procedure. Among the 2 available RDS valves, the Edwards Intuity valve in particular has been demonstrated to be a particularly promising substitute in the field of SAVR.

Comparative simulation of intraperitoneal aminoglycoside regimens for patients with peritonitis on automated peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Intraperitoneal (IP) aminoglycosides (AGs) continue to be the cornerstone of empiric management of peritonitis. AG dosing during automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), however, has not been well studied in patients with peritonitis. We sought to identify differences in AG exposure in the peritoneum and plasma for two different dosing regimens with little supporting evidence in patients on APD with peritonitis.

The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease.

With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality, it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Recently, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to several different CVDs, which are now often considered an adversely pro-inflammatory state. These cytokines most notably include interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, amongst others.

Impact of Reperfusion on Plasma Oxylipins in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs as a result of acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Despite successful reperfusion using primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), a large percentage of myocardial cells die after reperfusion, which is recognized as ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). There are rapid changes in plasma lipidome during myocardial reperfusion injury.

Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration: past, present, and future.

Cardiac disorders remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current clinical strategies, including drug therapy, surgical interventions, and organ transplantation offer limited benefits to patients without regenerating the damaged myocardium. Over the past decade, stem cell therapy has generated a keen interest owing to its unique self-renewal and immune privileged characteristics.

Chest Pain Evaluation: Diagnostic Testing.

Chest pain/discomfort (CP) is a common symptom and can be a diagnostic dilemma for many clinicians. The misdiagnosis of an acute or progressive chronic cardiac etiology may carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes the different options and modalities for establishing the diagnosis and severity of coronary artery disease.

Severe Refractory Vasoplegic Shock Syndrome after OPCABG Successfully Treated with Hydroxycobalamin: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Vasoplegic shock syndrome (VSS) after an off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) is an extremely rare condition. Inotropic support is usually the first-line therapy, though it can precipitate several complications or be ineffective. We report the first case of severe refractory VSS after OPCABG successfully treated with hydroxycobalamin.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator use in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in North America and Europe.

Background And Aims: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are critical for preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). This study aims to identify cross-continental differences in utilization of primary prevention ICDs and survival free from sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in ARVC.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of ARVC patients without prior VA enrolled in clinical registries from 11 countries throughout Europe and North America.