Are electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) helping cigarette smokers quit?-Current evidence.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other electronic vaping devices are commonly used as a method to help tobacco smoking cessation. However, the data on their safety and efficacy are currently scarce. The aim of this review was to explore the role of e-cigarettes in tobacco cessation among tobacco users.

Is toombak a risk factor for oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma ? A systematic review.

Introduction: Toombak is a form of smokeless tobacco that is not well known in Western Society but is widely used by the Sudanese population and many others in the sub-Sahara region. However, unlike other smokeless tobacco products, information on the carcinogenic potential of toombak is scarce. The present review explored any potential epidemiological association between the use of toombak and oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Oro-facial manifestations in lepromatous leprosy patients in Central India: clinical findings from a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To clinically evaluate the oro-facial manifestations in lepromatous leprosy patients undergoing multidrug therapy in Central India.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred patients from 2 leprosy treatment centers in Central India who satisfied the diagnostic criteria set by the WHO (2006-2010) committee on leprosy were included in the study. To avoid bias, only patients who started the multi-drug treatment regimen less than 1 year ago were included.

Assessing the effect of ceramic additives on the physical, rheological and mechanical properties of conventional glass ionomer luting cement - An in-vitro study.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the addition of conventional ceramics on the physical, rheological and mechanical properties of conventional glass ionomer luting cement.

Materials And Methods: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (w/w) of Enamel and Body conventional ceramic additives (E44 Enamel and B96/c4 Body) were reinforced in the two commercially available glass ionomer luting cement - GC Fuji I (GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan) and Ketac Cem Radiopaque (3M ESPE AG). Setting time, film thickness and compressive strength of the cement was measured according to the American Dental Association Specification number 96 for luting cement.

Potential Role of Machine Learning in Oncology.

Machine learning (ML) is the ability of computers to learn from data autonomously. It is a core branch of artificial intelligence (AI), which is defined as the ability of a machine to replicate the intellectual processes of humans independently. The evolution of the microprocessor for home computers resulted in increased computing speed, efficient data collection, storage, and retrieval capacity.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Microstomia Patients: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Case Series.

Statement Of Problem: Prosthetic techniques commonly employed for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients might not be adequate in the treatment of patients with microstomia.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to systematically review all the prosthetic techniques that have been used in the oral rehabilitation of patients with microstomia.

Materials And Methods: Data sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Web of Science, were searched for case reports and case series published through September 2017.

Expression of Ki-67, p53, α-SMA and COX-2 in lichen planus and related lesions: A pilot study.

Background: Researchers have struggled to understand the natural history of lesions presenting with both lichenoid features and epithelial dysplasia. Thus the present study was designed to differentiate between OLP, OLP with dysplasia, epithelial dysplasia and epithelial dysplasia with lichenoid features based on the expressions of ki-67, p53, COX-2, and α-SMA.

Materials And Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival specimens of OLP, OLP with dysplasia, epithelial dysplasia and epithelial dysplasia with lichenoid features were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with ki-67, p53, COX-2, and α-SMA.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible - A case report and review of published case reports.

The natural history of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is still heavily debated. It's anonymous natural history is precisely denoted by its new adapted terminology 'undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS)'. Thus to diagnose a lesion as UPS, it is vital to correlate its histopathological features along with its immunohistochemical (IHC) expressions to confirm the tumor cell lineage.

Frequency of putative periodontal pathogens among type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the risk of periodontitis due to the presence of four putative periodontopathic bacteria viz., Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. To fulfil the above objective, polymerase Chain reaction using the primers targeting 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial species was performed with the subgingival plaque collected from the permanent first molars of type 1 diabetic children and age matched healthy children.

Probiotic strains in caries prevention: A systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this article is to review the published literature with the purpose of knowing the importance of using various probiotic strains as a preventive and therapeutic method for dental caries management.

Materials And Methods: Research question was formulated based on the PICO strategy. A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases independently by two reviewers.

Plagiarism, P-hacking, and Predatory Journals: Toxic Triple Ps of Scientific Publications.

The advent of digitalization has led to a rapid surge in literary publications. The increase in publications has not been matched by adequate screening from regulatory authorities. This, in turn, has caused a surge in unverified scientific data.

Potential Use of Hematoxylin-curcumin as Natural Bio-stains for Tissue Sections.

Most bio-stains used in histopathology are synthetic thus pose potential health hazards, especially on long-term exposure. Thus, natural bio-stains which are eco-friendly and biodegradable are the need of the hour. The present manuscript explores the use of curcumin as a potential natural bio-stain for tissue sections.

Cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment with aligners compared to conventional labial fixed appliances: a 3-week clinical study.

To test the hypothesis that the levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α increased more and IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 increased less, after 3 weeks of treatment with conventional labial fixed appliance and with aligners. Forty patients who were treated either with labial brackets ( = 20) or aligners ( = 20). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and after 21 days.

Reviewing the role of human papillomavirus in oral cancer using the Bradford Hill criteria of causation.

Human papillomavirus is a well-established risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer, although its role in oral cancer is still debated. Inconclusive evidence of its role in oral cancer is due to conflicting data arising from methodological differences, mostly due to the use of diagnostic tests with varying sensitivity and specificity. In addition, there is a lack of experimental data linking HPV to oral cancer.

Effectiveness of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and xylitol chewing gums on salivary pH, buffer capacity, and levels: An interventional study.

Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the anticariogenic effectiveness of Casein phosphopeptide- Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and xylitol chewing gums based on salivary pH, buffer capacity, and Streptococcus mutans levels.

Materials And Methods: A group of twenty individuals in the age group of 18-25 years were randomly divided into two Groups A and B. Test arm A received xylitol gums and test arm B received CPP-ACP gums and they were instructed to use the gums thrice daily for 2 weeks.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate When Used Alone and in Combination Assessed Using Agar Diffusion Method: An Study.

Context: Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is a potent antimicrobial that is widely used in several fields of medicine. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate is a well-known agent used in dentistry to eliminate oral microbial flora.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of AgNPs, 2% CHX gluconate, and the combination of two solutions against endodontic pathogens such as , , and .

Scope of Mathematical Biology in Cancer Research.

Mathematical biology involves the use of mathematical models derived from biological data to predict the course or outcome of a biological event. In oncology, mathematics plays a vital role in determining the tumor behavior and the optimal treatment strategy including the right combination of treatment modality to be used, and the timing and duration of the treatment. The major limiting factor in mathematical oncology is the inability to obtain accurate biological data to formulate appropriate mathematical models.