Predictive biomarkers for the early detection and management of heart failure.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health concern whose incidence has been on a rise and is projected by the World Health Organization to be the leading global cause of mortality by 2030. Heart failure (HF) is a complicated syndrome resulting from various CVDs of heterogeneous etiologies and exhibits varying pathophysiology, including activation of inflammatory signaling cascade, apoptosis, fibrotic pathway, and neuro-humoral system, thereby leading to compromised cardiac function. During this process, several biomolecules involved in the onset and progression of HF are released into circulation.

Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes and recent developments in colistin resistance detection.

The peptide antibiotic colistin has been reserved as a last resort antibiotic treatment option for cases where other antibiotics including carbapenems have failed. Recent emergence of colistin resistance and discovery of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, which encode the cell wall modifying phosphoethanolamine transferase enzyme, complicates the issue. The mcr genes have been associated with conjugative plasmids and can be horizontally transferred between different bacterial species.

Protein Drug Delivery Using a Novel Maxillofacial Technique Targeting the Visual Pathway in the Brain, the Optic Nerve, and the Retina.

Protein drugs are used for treating many diseases of the eye and the brain. The formidable blood neural barriers prevent the delivery of these drugs into the eye and the brain. Hence, there is a need for a protein drug delivery system to deliver large proteins across blood-neural barriers.

Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Moisture-tolerant Sealant and Glass Ionomer Sealant Using Stereomicroscope: An Study.

Introduction/background: The preventive benefits of pit and fissure sealants rely on their retention and sealing ability. The drawback of the conventional pit and fissure sealant is its poor retention due to the presence of moisture. Among the numerous pit and fissure sealants available, newer hydrophilic sealants are ideal for children.

Theranostic approach to specifically targeting the interloop region of BCL2 i-motif DNA by crystal violet.

Ligands that recognise specific i-motif DNAs are helpful in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, as i-motif formation can cause cancer. Although the loop regions of i-motifs are promising targets for ligands, the interaction between a ligand and the loop regions based on sequence information remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the loop regions of various i-motif DNAs to determine whether these regions specifically interact with fluorescent ligands.

Uncovering the Contrasting Binding Behavior of Plant Flavonoids Fisetin and Morin Having Subsidiary Hydroxyl Groups (-OH) with HRAS1 and HRAS2 i-Motif DNA Structures: Decoding the Structural Alterations and Positional Influences.

Research on the interactions of naturally existing flavonoids with various noncanonical DNA such as i-motif (IM) DNA structures is helpful in comprehending the molecular basis of binding mode as well as providing future direction for the application and invention of novel effective therapeutic drugs. IM DNA structures have been identified as prospective anticancer therapeutic targets, and flavonoids are smaller molecules with a variety of health-promoting attributes, including anticancer activities. The extensive investigation comprising a series of techniques reveals the contrasting mode of the binding behavior of fisetin and morin with various IM DNA structures.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of nicotine chewing gum and nicotine patches as nicotine replacement therapy using salivary cotinine levels as a biochemical validation measure.

Background: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and habit cessation counseling are considered the mainstay treatment for high nicotine dependence smokers. However, adherence to NRT is very poor. Among the NRTs, nicotine gums and nicotine patches are the most widely available.

Differential gene expression analysis combined with molecular dynamics simulation study to elucidate the novel potential biomarker involved in pulmonary TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal multisystem disease that attacks the lungs' first line of defense. A substantial threat to public health and a primary cause of death is pulmonary TB. This study aimed to identify and investigate the probable differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily involved in Pulmonary TB.

Repurposing synthetic and natural derivatives induces apoptosis in an orthotopic glioma-induced xenograft model by modulating WNT/β-catenin signaling.

Background: Glioblastomas arise from multistep tumorigenesis of the glial cells. Despite the current state-of-art treatment, tumor recurrence is inevitable. Among the innovations blooming up against glioblastoma, drug repurposing could provide profound premises for treatment enhancement.

Deep tech innovation for parasite diagnosis: New dimensions and opportunities.

By converging advanced science, engineering, and design, deep techs are bringing a great wave of future innovations by mastering challenges and problem complexity across sectors and the field of parasitology is no exception. Remarkable research and advancements can be seen in the field of parasite detection and diagnosis through smartphone applications. Supervised and unsupervised data deep learnings are heavily exploited for the development of automated neural network models for the prediction of parasites, eggs, etc.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogen Isolated from Endotracheal Aspirate.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the major hospital-acquired infections and the emergence of bacterial resistance is common among patients in the intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of the study is to identify the common bacterial pathogen isolated from an endotracheal (ET) aspirate and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Materials And Methods: A prospective analytical study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year.

Ultrasound measurement of the distance of the phrenic nerve from the brachial plexus at the classic interscalene point and upper trunk: A volunteer-based observational study.

Background And Aims: The method of blocking the brachial plexus at the level of the upper trunk has been gaining popularity as a phrenic nerve-sparing alternative for interscalene block. We aimed to measure the distance of the phrenic nerve from the upper trunk and compare it with the distance between the phrenic nerve and the brachial plexus at the classic interscalene point by using ultrasound.

Method: In this study, after ethical approval and trial registration, 100 brachial plexus of 50 volunteers were scanned from the emergence of the ventral rami and its course was traced to the supraclavicular fossa.

Phenotypic heterogeneity in family members of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: To describe the phenotypic variations in family members of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with different modes of inheritance and to assess the ocular abnormalities in RP families.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of three types of inheritance of RP was carried out, where 64 family members were examined at a tertiary eye care center, South India. They underwent comprehensive eye examination, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), full-field electroretinogram (FFERG), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of curcumin on insulin resistance: Opportunities and challenges.

The past couple of decades in particular have seen a rapid increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a debilitating metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance. The insufficient efficacy of current management strategies for insulin resistance calls for additional therapeutic options. The preponderance of evidence suggests potential beneficial effects of curcumin on insulin resistance, while modern science provides a scientific basis for its potential applications against the disease.

Computational identification and analysis of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the human gene: a structural and functional impact.

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) protein is essential for steroidogenesis, and gene mutations are frequently associated with P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency (PORD), a disorder of hormone production. To our knowledge, no previous attempt has been made to identify and analyze the deleterious/pathogenic non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the human POR gene through an extensive computational approach. Computational algorithms and tools were employed to identify, characterize, and validate the pathogenic SNPs associated with certain diseases.

Non-syndromic generalised hypotaurodontism in a case of Stage III Grade C periodontitis.

Taurodontism is a rare dental morphological anomaly characterised by an unusual increase in the vertical height of the pulpal chamber along with an apical displacement of the pulpal floor. The tooth lack constriction at the cementoenamel junction is mimicking a bull tooth. Taurodontism is usually observed as an isolated tooth aberration.

Unravelling the Drug Encapsulation Ability of Functional DNA Origami Nanostructures: Current Understanding and Future Prospects on Targeted Drug Delivery.

Rapid breakthroughs in nucleic acid nanotechnology have always driven the creation of nano-assemblies with programmable design, potent functionality, good biocompatibility, and remarkable biosafety during the last few decades. Researchers are constantly looking for more powerful techniques that provide enhanced accuracy with greater resolution. The self-assembly of rationally designed nanostructures is now possible because of bottom-up structural nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) nanotechnology, notably DNA origami.

A Dual Therapy of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded with Teriflunomide-A Dihydro-Orotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor and an miR-155-Antagomir in Cuprizone-Induced C57BL/6J Mouse.

The effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) has been challenging due to the limited ability of therapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the potential of nanocarrier systems to deliver miR-155-antagomir-teriflunomide (TEF) dual therapy to the brain via intranasal (IN) administration to manage MS-associated neurodegeneration and demyelination. Our results showed that the combinatorial therapy of miR-155-antagomir and TEF loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) significantly increased brain concentration and improved targeting potential.

Comparative Study of Vaginal Hysterectomy and Total Abdominal Hysterectomy in Non-descent Uterus in a Rural Tertiary Care Center.

Aim To study the role of vaginal hysterectomy in non-descent uterus and to compare it with abdominal hysterectomy with respect to operative time, intraoperative blood loss and complications, ambulation, and postoperative complications. Materials and methods A prospective non-randomized study was carried out on 200 cases at a rural tertiary care center in B.G.

A combination of metformin and epigallocatechin gallate potentiates glioma chemotherapy .

Glioma is the most devastating high-grade tumor of the central nervous system, with dismal prognosis. Existing treatment modality does not provide substantial benefit to patients and demands novel strategies. One of the first-line treatments for glioma, temozolomide, provides marginal benefit to glioma patients.

New pyrrolopyridine-based thiazolotriazoles as diabetics inhibitors: enzymatic kinetics and study.

To synthesize pyrrolopyridine-based thiazolotriazoles as a novel class of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors and to determine their enzymatic kinetics. Pyrrolopyridine-based thiazolotriazole analogs () were synthesized and characterized through proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry. All synthesized analogs displayed good inhibitory potential of α-amylase and α-glucosidase ranging 17.

Case series of invasive lung infections by species and zygomycosis among post COVID-19 and post-transplant individuals.

Airborne pathogens like bring the lungs in the frontline for defense. Pulmonary diseases caused by species are broadly classified as aspergilloma, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), and bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission is required for a large number of patients associated with IPA.

Educational Research and Scholarship in India: The Way Forward.

Medical education research (MER) aims to improve the practice of medical education by applying the theory of educational research. Internationally, medical education research has grown exponentially and has established itself as a distinct field. In contrast, in India, the medical faculty is either bogged down by clinical responsibilities, or is busy with biomedical research.