Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes): Structure, Functions, Classification and its Advances in Enhanced Drug Delivery.

Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, commonly known as niosomes, have gained significant attention in the field of drug delivery because of their unique properties and advantages. Niosomes are self-assembled vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol that can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs within their aqueous core or bilayer. This versatile drug delivery system offers improved stability, prolonged release profiles, reduced toxicity, and enhanced efficacy for a wide range of therapeutic agents.

Formulation optimization of chitosan surface coated solid lipid nanoparticles of griseofulvin: A Box-Behnken design and in vivo pharmacokinetic study.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are becoming increasingly favored for their robust biocompatibility and their capacity to enhance drug solubility, particularly for drugs with limited water solubility. This study delves into the effectiveness of the hot melt sonication technique in fabricating SLNs with high drug loading capabilities and sustained release characteristics. Griseofulvin (GF), chosen as a representative drug due to its poor water solubility, was encapsulated into SLNs composed of stearic acid.

Hepatoprotective effect of flavonoid rich fraction of Sesbania grandiflora: Results of In vivo, in vitro, and molecular docking studies.

Background: Phytochemicals and their derivatives are promising target drugs for various ailments and have served as therapeutic agents for several decades. Using in vivo and in vitro models and molecular docking, this study investigated the pharmacological potential of a flavonoid-rich fraction of the ethanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora (SG).

Objectives: This research aimed to determine whether flavonoid-rich whole-plant extracts of SGs have any cytoprotective or in vivo hepatoprotective effects.

Statistical Design Approach for the Formulation And Optimization of Nanosponges Using Poorly Water-soluble Candidate.

Background And Objectives: Nanosponges are one of the most innovative ways to use the newest developments in nanodrugs delivery. Nanosponges can catch drugs that dissolve in water or ones that don't. This work uses statistical design to find the best nanosponges for drugs that don't dissolve easily and make them.

Advances in Computational Biology for Diagnosing Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.

The numerous and varied forms of neurodegenerative illnesses provide a considerable challenge to contemporary healthcare. The emergence of artificial intelligence has fundamentally changed the diagnostic picture by providing effective and early means of identifying these crippling illnesses. As a subset of computational intelligence, machine-learning algorithms have become very effective tools for the analysis of large datasets that include genetic, imaging, and clinical data.

Development of topical silver nano gel formulation of Bixin: Characterization, and evaluation of anticancer activity.

Objective: Skin cancer refers to the pathological condition characterized by the proliferation of atypical skin cells in an uncontrolled manner. Plant-based products such as bixin although show promising anticancer properties, but maintaining their stability in a formulation is a difficult task. The objective of the research is to formulate a silver nanoparticle gel preparation of bixin and evaluate its anticancer properties.

Bell Palsy: Facts and Current Research Perspectives.

Bell palsy is a non-progressive neurological condition characterized by the acute onset of ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve paralysis. People who suffer from this type of facial paralysis develop a droop on one side of their face, or sometimes both. This condition is distinguished by a sudden onset of facial paralysis accompanied by clinical features such as mild fever, postauricular pain, dysgeusia, hyperacusis, facial changes, and drooling or dry eyes.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles of Leaf Extract and their Cytotoxicity Activity against Neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y Cell Lines, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies.

Background: Green syntheses of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have potential anti- cancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, among other aspects. The aim of the present patent study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Vernonia cinerea plant extract.

Methods: The AgNPs were successfully prepared and characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, particle size, Zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.

Hydroxytriazenes incorporating sulphonamide derivatives: evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and computational study.

The existent investigation deals with synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, and biological activities of some hydroxytriazene derivatives containing sulphonamide moiety. The compounds were screened for antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays with IC values ranging from 32.

Ameliorative Potential of Rosuvastatin on Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative Damage in Rats.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the protective potential of rosuvastatin (ROSS), an oral antihyperlipidemic drug against doxorubicin (DOXO) induced cardio toxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: Cardiac toxicity was induced by DOXO injection (10 mg/kg, ), once on the 20 day of the experiment. Except for the control rats, all were received DOXO and the study was continued for up to 21 days.

Formulation and Characterization of Rutin Loaded Chitosan-alginate Nanoparticles: Antidiabetic and Cytotoxicity Studies.

Background: The rutin loaded chitosan-alginate nanoparticles (RCANP) were prepared using an ion gelation method. The optimized RCANP4 formulation composed of rutin: alginate: chitosan with the ratio of 1.24:5:2.

Analytical method development, validation and forced degradation studies for rutin, quercetin, curcumin, and piperine by RP-UFLC method.

Significance: Curcumin, rutin, and quercetin are well-known flavonoids and piperine is an alkaloid, commonly used as spices and traditionally used to treat a variety of conditions. In the current scenario, the stability problems of phytoconstituents are a major problem for regulators and because of the complex nature of the components of plant extracts.

Objective: A simple, fast, and sensitive ultra-force reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) has been developed, validated, and studied for degradation studies.

Toxicological evaluation of biosynthesised hematite nanoparticles in vivo.

In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used in consumer products. High reactivity of metallic nanoparticles and its bioaccumulation in biological systems are the main causes of concern over their safety to human health and environment. The available information related to the safety of several nanomaterials is insufficient.

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): a brief overview of clinically approved drugs and combination regimens.

The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are allosteric inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and are classified into generations depending on their discovery and resistance profiles. The NNRTIs are used in combination regimens with antiretroviral agents that target two or more enzymes in the viral life cycle. The combination regimens usually include a backbone of two nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a third core agent among the NNRTIs or protease inhibitors.

5-HT receptor antagonism a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression and other disorders.

Background: Depression or Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prolonged condition of sadness. MDD is the most common mental disorder that affects more than 264 million people worldwide. According to the monoamine hypothesis, serotonin (5-hydroxy tryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are the major neurotransmitters (NTs) involved in depression.

Synthesis, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of novel hydroxytriazenes based on sulpha drugs.

The present study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of three series of hydroxytriazenes based on sulfa drugs viz; Sulphathiazole (ST), Sulfisoxazole (SF) and Sulphamethoxazole (SM). Antidiabetic activities of the synthesized hydroxytriazenes were investigated by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition method and IC values were recorded. The compounds presented significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition effect with IC values ranging from 122 to 341 μg/mL.

Synthesis and Hypoglycemic and Anti-inflammatory Activity Screening of Novel Substituted 5-[Morpholino(Phenyl)Methyl]-Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones and Their Molecular Docking Studies.

Objectives: The aim was the synthesis of novel substituted 5-[morpholino(phenyl)methyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-diones and screening for their hypoglycemic activity and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as molecular docking studies to find out active potential lead molecules.

Materials And Methods: Substituted aromatic aldehydes, thiazolidine-2,4-dione, and morpholine on Mannich reaction gave the title compounds. They were characterized by physical and spectral methods.

Synthesis of sulpha drug based hydroxytriazene derivatives: Anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and their molecular docking studies.

Herein, we report synthesis, characterization, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of hydroxytriazenes derived from sulpha drugs, namely sulphanilamide, sulphadiazine, sulphapyridine and sulphamethazine. Before biological screening of the compounds, theoretical prediction using PASS was done which indicates probable activities ranging from Pa (probable activity) values 65-98% for anti-inflammatory activity. As per the predication, experimental validation of some of the predicted activities particularly anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant was done.

Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Coupling of 2-Methyl Quinazolinones and Isatins: An Environmentally Benign Access of Diastereoselective Schizocommunin Analogues.

An environmentally benign highly atom-economic protocol for the construction of the C-C bond has been developed under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions. This protocol involves the efficient coupling of 2-methyl quinazolinones with isatin for the highly diastereoselective access of schizocommunin derivatives in excellent yields (up to 97%). Furthermore, the preliminary cytotoxicity screening of selected schizocommunin analogues displayed promising anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines, and the cytotoxic potential of active compound was also validated by in silico molecular docking simulation studies.

Solid lipid nanoparticles of Annona muricata fruit extract: formulation, optimization and in vitro cytotoxicity studies.

The present study was aimed to develop Annona muricata fruit extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and explore its cytotoxic potential in vitro model of breast cancers. Extract loaded SLNs were successfully prepared by high-pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication method and optimized using 2 full factorial design. The extract loaded SLNs were characterized using different parameters such as particle size (PS), % entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential (ZP) and % cumulative drug release (CDR).

The Journey of HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) from Lab to Clinic.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now pandemic. Targeting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) has been considered as one of the most successful targets for the development of anti-HIV treatment. Among the HIV-1 RT inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have gained a definitive place due to their unique antiviral potency, high specificity, and low toxicity in antiretroviral combination therapies used to treat HIV.

Smart niosomes of temozolomide for enhancement of brain targeting.

Drug delivery to the brain is challenging because of the low permeability of blood-brain barrier, and therefore, optimum concentration of chemotherapeutics in the target area specifically for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor, opens a new path of research. To achieve the goal, the oral alkylating agent temozolomide was incorporated into niosomes, and the surface was modified with chlorotoxin, a small 36 amino acid peptide discovered from the venom of scorpion . Active targeting using nanosized particles facilitates an increase in the accumulation of drugs in the cerebri by 3.

Biopharmaceutical insights of particulate emulsified systems - a prospective overview.

During the twenty-first century, drug discovery is expanding rapidly and a large number of chemical moieties are recognized. Many of them are poorly soluble and hence related biopharmaceutical constraints are to be addressed systematically. Among novel approaches to resolving biopharmaceutical issues, micro- and nano-emulsified systems serve as the best strategy for delivering both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs owing to their greater solubilization and transportation capabilities.

Oxaprozin prodrug as safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation.

Oxaprozin is a popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and its chronic oral use is clinically restricted due to its gastrointestinal (GI) complications. In order to circumvent the GI complications, oxaprozin was amended as a prodrug in a one-pot reaction using N,N-carbonyldiimidazole as an activating agent. Dextran of average molecular weight (60,000-90,000 Da) was exploited as a carrier in the process of oxaprozin prodrug production by esterification.

Process, Physicochemical Characterization and Assessment of Albendazole Microcrystals.

Albendazole is a poorly soluble drug which limits its oral bioavailability. The study was focussed to enhance the solubility by in-situ micronization. Albendazole microcrystals were prepared by solvent change method using gum karaya and hupu gum as stabilizing agents and the effect of each stabilizer on the prepared microcrystals were studied.