Non-pharmacological treatment strategies for anthropometric, physical capacity and physiological indicators among sarcopenic obesity patients: a systematic review of rigorous randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of non-pharmacological treatments on sarcopenic obesity (SO).

Methods: A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SO was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models for MDs.

Energetic activity for depression in young people aged 13-17 years: the READY feasibility RCT.

Background: Prevalence of depression is increasing in young people. Behaviour change interventions providing benefits equal to or greater than talking therapies or pharmacological alternatives are needed. Exercise could be beneficial for young people with depression, but we lack robust trials of its effectiveness.

Relationships between trunk tissue distribution, metabolic risk factors and physical performance in young people-A pilot study.

The present study examined the relationships between trunk tissue distribution, metabolic risk factors, and physical performance in young Japanese individuals using cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Thirty-six healthy Japanese men (n = 20, body mass index [BMI]: 20.8 ± 2.

CSF1-R inhibition attenuates posttraumatic osteoarthritis and quadriceps atrophy following ligament injury.

Knee osteoarthritis contributes substantially to worldwide disability. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops secondary to joint injury, such as ligament rupture, and there is increasing evidence suggesting a key role for inflammation in the aetiology of PTOA and associated functional deficits. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal degeneration following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

ExerG - an exergame-based training device for the rehabilitation of older adults: a functional model usability study.

Background: Exergames are interactive technology-based exercise programs. By combining physical and cognitive training components, they aim to preserve independence in older adults and reduce their risk of falling. This study explored whether primary end users (PEU, healthy older adults and patients with neurological and geriatric diagnoses) and secondary end users (SEU, health professionals) evaluated the ExerG functional model to be usable, providing a positive experience and therefore acceptable.

A tackler correctly adhering to the tackle instruction in a front-on, one-on-one torso tackle alters the peak inertial head kinematics of the ball carrier but not the tackler.

Objectives: To evaluate if the tackler correctly adhering, or not, to four different instructions of legal front-on one-on-one torso tackles altered the tackler and/or ball carrier peak inertial head kinematics.

Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Fifteen rugby-code players measured with three-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture performed two tackle instructions from the Australian National Rugby League coaching manual on under (Dominant National Rugby League) and over (Smother National Rugby League) the ball tackles, and two novel variants of these (under, Dominant, Torso Stick; over, Smother, Pop, Lock).

Reproductive Health Management of Female Adolescent Athletes with Relative-Energy Deficiency in Sport.

The objective of this document is to guide the screening, diagnosis, and management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in Adolescent/Young Adult (AYA) athletes to treat symptoms and reduce long-term sequelae with a focus on gynecologic aspects of the disorder. REDs is a more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as the Female Athlete Triad. An overview of the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of the reproductive health aspects of REDs for female athletes is provided.

Return to Play (RTP) and Return to Sport (RTS) Metrics Require Standardization.

It is commonly accepted that a primary goal of orthopaedic surgeries is to restore function for our patients, and to achieve this goal, many research studies aim to define outcomes that set a benchmark for knowing whether this mark is achieved. Unfortunately, Return to Play (RTP) and Return to Sport (RTS) metrics are often used without any strict definition or standardization. They often rely on patient recall, which could be biased, and often fail to distinguish level of performance after return to activity.

Diagnostic performance of self-reported knee crepitus using a Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score item.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of a single Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) item in evaluating the presence of knee crepitus.

Design: All 184 participants aged 18-40 years with a symptomatic knee, 9-36 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who were prospectively enrolled in a post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis trial (ACTRN12620001164987) were included. Participants completed the KOOS and underwent physical examination for knee crepitus at baseline.

Associations of 24-hr Movement Behaviors With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults Receiving Outpatient Rehabilitation: A Compositional Time-Use Analysis.

Background: Research suggests associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and metabolic syndrome, but most has focused on healthy populations and individual behaviors. We investigated associations of 24-hr movement behavior compositions with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adults receiving rehabilitation for other health conditions.

Method:  This cross-sectional study assessed 24-hr movement behaviors using thigh-worn accelerometers and metabolic outcomes via blood analyses in 145 adults attending outpatient rehabilitation.

Multimodal Rehabilitation Including Strengthening Exercise Is Effective in Improving Fear-Avoidance Beliefs in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) present with a variety of neuromuscular and psychological deficits, with the "gold-standard" for treatment being rehabilitation programs with strengthening-based exercises. While such interventions primarily target pain and function measures, it is unknown whether psychological measures such as fear-avoidance beliefs (FABs) are also affected.

Clinical Question: Is rehabilitation including strengthening exercises effective in improving FABs in individuals with PFP?

Summary Of Key Findings: Three studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the appraisal.

Utilization of Interval Throwing Programs: Analysis of Athletic Trainer, Physical Therapist, and Physician Perspectives.

Context: A common component within rehabilitation recommendations for baseball pitchers is employment of an interval throwing program. However, there is a lack of a consistent set of advocated guidelines for program content and implementation for athletes at the professional and collegiate levels.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

No Effect of Individualized Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on 200-m or 400-m Freestyle-Swimming Time-Trial Performance in Well-Trained Athletes.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of an individualized sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation-timing strategy on 200-m and 400-m freestyle swimming time-trial (TT) performance.

Methods: Thirteen well-trained swimmers (8 men and 5 women; mean [SD] 22 [3] y, 1.76 [0.

Increasing Reported Physical Activity Among Australian Adults: Progress Toward a Healthy Older Age.

Background/objectives: A globally aging population necessitates public health action that supports healthy aging. Although it is well established that participation in physical activity (PA), sport, and active recreation are important for healthy aging, PA levels remain generally lower among older adults. This study examines trends in physical activities that older adults engage in and identifies disparities in activities across subgroups as defined by age, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Preseason Functional Movement Screen But Not Y-Balance Test Scores Predict Musculoskeletal Injury in Elite Female Fast-Pitch Softball Athletes.

Context: Functional movement screen (FMS) and Y-balance test (YBT) are used to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. FMS and YBT tools in relation to injury in elite female softball athletes have not been examined.

Objectives: This study aims to (1) compare the differences in FMS, Y-Balance upper quarter (YBT-UQ), and lower quarter (YBT-LQ) scores between injured and noninjured group and (2) determine the ability of FMS and YBT scores to predict the odds of musculoskeletal injury in elite fast-pitch female softball athletes.

Comparing Differences and Relationships Between Traditional and Resisted Sprints in Elite Youth Rugby Backs and Forwards.

Purpose: We tested the differences in maximum strength and various parameters of sprint performance between youth backs and forwards. Additionally, we examined the associations among various strength-sprint measures, as well as between unresisted and heavy resisted sprints.

Methods: Thirty-two youth rugby players were assessed at the beginning of the season with the following tests: unresisted and resisted (50% body mass) 30-m sprints and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat exercise.

An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies.

Biomarkers of ageing serve as important outcome measures in longevity-promoting interventions. However, there is limited consensus on which specific biomarkers are most appropriate for human intervention studies. This work aimed to address this need by establishing an expert consensus on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies via the Delphi method.

Reallocating Time Between 24-h Movement Behaviors for Obesity Management Across the Lifespan: A Pooled Data Meta-Analysis of More Than 9800 Participants from Seven Countries.

Background: The distribution of time across physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep appears to be essential for the management of obesity. However, the impact of reallocating time among these behaviors, collectively known as 24-h movement behaviors, remains underexplored.

Objective: This study examines the theoretical effects of reallocating time between 24-h movement behaviors on obesity indicators across different age groups.

Ecological Dynamics as an Accurate and Parsimonious Contributor to Applied Practice: A Critical Appraisal.

With sport coaches adopting and working toward increasingly evidence-grounded approaches to practice, skill acquisition has appropriately become a critical area for consideration. As part of this growing interest in skill acquisition, the ecological dynamics approach has garnered attention amongst scholars and practitioners with myriad media (e.g.

Association of the interaction between daily step counts and frailty with disability in older adults.

The differences in the association of objectively measured physical activity with disability between frail and non-frail older adults remain unclear. We (1) evaluated the dose-dependent relationship between daily steps and disability in older adults with and without frailty and (2) examined the interaction between steps and frailty status in relation to the risk of disability. This prospective study used data from 4065 adults aged ≥ 65 years from the Kyoto-Kameoka Study, Japan.

Examining the Effects of Different Exertion Levels and Reference Standards on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Exercise ECG for Detecting Coronary Artery Disease - A Pilot Study.

Background: Exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently used for evaluating patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it has been downgraded in international guidelines due to a limited sensitivity and specificity, compared with other non-invasive tests.

Methods: We hypothesized, that a sufficient exertion going beyond 85% of the age predicted maximal heart rate (APMHR), by considering the achieved level of workload can improve sensitivity and specificity of the exercise ECG.

Evidence of Left Ventricular Cardiac Remodeling After 6 Weeks of Sprint Interval Training.

Sprint interval training (SIT) leads to similar improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O) and maximal cardiac output as previously reported for traditional endurance training, but the exercise-induced effects on cardiac remodeling are still largely unknown. The aim of the current study was therefore to explore the effects of SIT on cardiac structure and function assessed by echocardiography in relation to, and controlling for, changes in both blood volume (BV) and heart rate (HR). Healthy men and women (n = 28) performed 6 weeks of SIT.

Long-Term High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention Improves Emotional Conflict Control in Association With Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Activation in Males With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has cognitive benefits in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), yet it remains largely unknown the benefits of long-term HIIT on emotional conflict control and its neural mechanism in individuals with MUD. The current study conducted a 36-week low-volume HIIT intervention to investigate the effects of HIIT on emotional conflict control in males with MUD and their prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation. This study was a sub-study of the Study for Rehabilitation Training Model Construction and Training Effect of High Intensity Compound Exercise Prescription.

Exploring Motivation and Barriers to Physical Activity Among Educated Adult Saudi Women at Taif University.

Although physical activity (PA) offers numerous mental and physical health benefits, adult Saudi women face unique social and cultural barriers to participating in PA. This study aimed to explore the motivational factors and obstacles influencing PA participation among adult Saudi women at Taif University. Using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as the framework, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 706 participants, including students, administrators, and faculty members.