Pressure changes in the Kager fat pad at the extremes of ankle motion suggest a potential role in Achilles tendinopathy.

Introduction: The Kager fat pad is one of the largest soft tissue structures local to the ankle joint, yet it is poorly understood. It has been hypothesised to have a role in Achilles tendinopathy. This study aimed to investigate the pressure areas in the Kager fat pad adjacent to the Achilles tendon and to assess the anatomy and deformation of the Kager fat pad in cadavers.

The sub-supraspinatus recess and superior labral motion: an arthroscopic analysis.

Background: Minimal information exists regarding the sub-supraspinatus recess superior to the labrum and inferior to the supraspinatus. Furthermore, movement of the superior labrum during glenohumeral range of motion has not previously been defined. The objectives of this arthroscopic study were to describe the (i) sub-supraspinatus recess dimensions and (ii) superior labral motion.

Translation into modern standard Arabic, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties' evaluation of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) in Arabic-speaking athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury.

Background: The Lower Extremity Functional Scale evaluates the functional status of patients that have lower extremity conditions of musculoskeletal origin. Regional Arabic dialects often create barriers to clear communication and comparative research. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Lower Extremity Functional Scale in modern standard Arabic that is widely used and understood in the Middle East and North Africa region, and assess its psychometric properties.

Residual force enhancement and force depression in human single muscle fibres.

Residual force depression (rFD) and residual force enhancement (rFE) are intrinsic contractile properties of muscle. rFD is characterized as a decrease in steady-state isometric force following active shortening compared with a purely isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation. By contrast, isometric force is increased following active lengthening compared to a reference isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation; this is termed rFE.

How Is Psychological Outcome Related to Knee Function and Return to Sport Among Adolescent Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

Background: Adult patients who succeed in returning to their preinjury levels of sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been characterized by a more positive psychological response. It is not known whether this relationship is valid for adolescent athletes.

Purpose: To investigate psychological readiness to return to sport, knee-related self-efficacy, and motivation among adolescent (15-20 years old) and adult (21-30 years old) athletes after ACL reconstruction.

Development and Assessment of a Microcomputed Tomography Compatible Five Degrees-of-Freedom Knee Joint Motion Simulator.

Currently available knee joint kinematic tracking systems fail to nondestructively capture the subtle variation in joint and soft tissue kinematics that occur in native, injured, and reconstructed joint states. Microcomputed tomography (CT) imaging has the potential as a noninvasive, high-resolution kinematic tracking system, but no dynamic simulators exist to take advantage of this. The purpose of this work was to develop and assess a novel micro-CT compatible knee joint simulator to quantify the knee joint's kinematic and kinetic response to clinically (e.

The Role of Osteotomy in Chronic Valgus Instability and Hyperextension Valgus Thrust (Medial Closing Wedge Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy and Lateral Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy).

Chronic valgus instability with concomitant valgus malalignment is a challenging diagnosis that cannot be successfully treated with ligament surgery alone. Hyperextension valgus thrust may be a symptom of this configuration, expressing the need for thorough diagnosis and treatment. The present article will help to understand pathoanatomy and mechanisms of chronic valgus instability in combination with malalignment and provide a description of treatment techniques, in particular medial closing wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy (MCWDFVO) and lateral opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (LOWHTO), and their indications to deal with both issues simultaneously.

Biomechanical testing of trans-humeral all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair.

Background: Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. All-suture anchors are increasingly being used in the arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the biomechanical properties of all-suture anchors at different insertion sites in the proximal humerus relevant to rotator cuff repairs and the remplissage procedure.

Concussion Symptoms Predictive of Adolescent Sport-Related Concussion Injury.

Objective: To assess the predictive capability of the postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS) of the sport concussion assessment tool (SCAT) III to differentiate concussed and nonconcussed adolescents.

Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Tertiary.

Complete Capsular Repair Restores Native Kinematics After Interportal and T-Capsulotomy.

Background: Although the use of hip arthroscopy continues to increase, capsular management remains a controversial topic.

Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical effect of capsulotomy and capsular repair techniques on hip joint kinematics in varying combinations of sagittal and coronal joint positions.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Knee strength, hop performance and self-efficacy at 4 months are associated with symmetrical knee muscle function in young athletes 1 year after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objectives: We investigated whether patient demographics, 4-month patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and muscle function predicted young athletes regaining symmetrical muscle function in five tests of muscle function 1 year after ACL reconstruction.

Methods: We extracted data on patient demographics, PROs and the results of five tests of muscle function from a rehabilitation-specific register. Athletes were 15-30 years of age, involved in knee-strenuous sport and had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction.

A Radiographic Sizing Algorithm for Tibial Plateau Osteochondral Allografts.

Objective: Tibial plateau osteochondral allograft transplantation is a promising treatment for symptomatic chondral damage of the proximal tibia due to a variety of etiologies. The purpose of this investigation is to develop an accurate and reproducible algorithm for sizing tibial plateau allografts based on recipient radiographs.

Design: A cadaveric study was performed in which radiographs of 10 fresh frozen cadaveric knees were compared to measured digital photographs of the disarticulated specimens.

Early Active Motion Versus Sling Immobilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To compare the effect of early mobilization (EM) with standard rehabilitation (SR) over the initial 24 months following arthroscopic rotator cuff (RC) repair.

Methods: A total of 206 patients with full-thickness RC tears undergoing arthroscopic repair were randomized following preoperative assessment of shoulder range of motion (ROM), pain, strength, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) to either EM (n = 103; self-weaned from sling and performed pain-free active ROM during the first 6 weeks) or SR (n = 103; wore a sling for 6 weeks with no active ROM). Shoulder ROM, pain, and HRQOL were reassessed at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively by a blinded assessor.

Rugby Fans in Training New Zealand (RUFIT-NZ): a pilot randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle program for overweight men delivered through professional rugby clubs in New Zealand.

Background: Healthy lifestyle programs that are designed specifically to appeal to and support men to improve lifestyle behaviors and lose weight are needed. The Rugby Fans in Training-New Zealand (RUFIT-NZ) program is delivered by professional rugby clubs and inspired by the successful Football Fans In Training program (FFIT), a gender sensitized weight loss program for obese middle-aged men delivered by professional football clubs in Scotland. RUFIT-NZ required development and evaluation for feasibility.

Results of minimally invasive Achilles tendon scraping and plantaris tendon removal in patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: A longer-term follow-up study.

Background: Treatment with ultrasound and colour Doppler-guided minimally invasive Achilles tendon scraping and plantaris tendon removal has shown promising short-term results in patients with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy.

Methods: In a follow-up study, 182 consecutive patients (241 tendons) who had undergone Achilles tendon scraping and plantaris tendon removal were contacted on telephone by an independent investigator. The patients who answered the telephone call were included, and they answered a questionnaire on telephone and then also sent their written answers.

Team-based musculoskeletal assessment and healthcare quality indicators: A systematic review.

The primary objective of this review was to describe health quality indicator (HQI) outcomes of team-based musculoskeletal (MSK) assessments aimed at directing patient care. Secondary objectives included determining the most commonly assessed HQIs, extent of team collaboration, and the healthcare practitioners that most commonly comprise MSK-assessment teams. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Sudden cardiac death in football players: Towards a new pre-participation algorithm.

Athletic pre-participation screening is essential for minimizing the risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes participating in either competitive or leisure sporting activities. The primary causes of SCD in young athletes (<35 years of age) include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital anomalies of the coronary artery and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Other abnormalities, such as malignant arrhythmia due to blunt trauma to the chest (commotio cordis), myocarditis, valvular disease, aortic rupture (in Marfan syndrome) and ion channelopathies (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Brugada syndrome, long or short QT syndrome), also contribute to a lesser degree to SCD.

Acute and overuse injuries among sports club members and non-members: the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study.

Background: Physical activity in adolescence is promoted for its multi-dimensional health benefits. However, too intensive sports participation is associated with an increased injury risk. Our aim was to compare the occurrence of acute and overuse injuries in Finnish sports club members and non-members and to report training and competing habits associated with a higher injury risk in sports club members.

CCL22 is a biomarker of cartilage injury and plays a functional role in chondrocyte apoptosis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Previous history of knee injury is a significant risk factor for OA. It has been established that low-level chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset and pathogenesis of OA.

Evaluation of Intrinsic Biomechanical Risk Factors in Patellar Tendinopathy: A Retrospective Radiographic Case-Control Series.

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse condition often affecting athletes. It has been postulated that patellar tendinopathy is associated with patella alta; however, this and any other anatomic risk factors have not been identified.

Purpose: To explore whether lever arm differences from radiographic measurements exist between patients with and without tendinopathy.