Bubble Sign to Confirm the Integrity of the Shoulder Rotator Cuff.

The presence of an intra-articular air bubble adjacent to the rotator cuff at the time of diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy will confirm an intact rotator cuff and is helpful in ambiguous cases. After the introduction of the arthroscope, air is pulled owing to negative air pressure in the joint cavity. Fluid inflow is then started after the inflow has been properly flushed of all air.

Rate of infection following revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and associated patient- and surgeon-dependent risk factors: Retrospective results from MOON and MARS data collected from 2002 to 2011.

Infection is a rare occurrence after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (rACLR). Because of the low rates of infection, it has been difficult to identify risk factors for infection in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to report the rate of infection following rACLR and assess whether infection is associated with patient- and surgeon-dependent risk factors.

Menstrual dysfunction and body weight dissatisfaction among Finnish young athletes and non-athletes.

To determine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction (MD; ie, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and attitudes toward body weight among athletes and non-athletes, we studied a cohort of athletes and non-athletes, in adolescence (14-16 years) and subsequently in young adulthood (18-20 years). We further studied the differences between athletes reporting MD and eumenorrheic athletes at both time periods and identified physical and behavioral characteristics that might predict MD in young adulthood. Data were collected using questionnaires, accelerometers, and a pre-participation screening.

Interpreting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement recommends that studies report results beyond p values and include treatment effect(s) and measures of precision (e.g., confidence intervals [CIs]) to facilitate the interpretation of results.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Tissues are Mechanically Superior to Meniscus Cells.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to form the mechanically responsive matrices of joint tissues, including the menisci of the knee joint. The purpose of this study is to assess BMSC's potential to engineer meniscus-like tissue relative to meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs). MFCs were isolated from castoffs of partial meniscectomy from nonosteoarthritic knees.

Motor performance and back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: The relationship between motor performance and back pain in children and adolescents remains unclear. This article describes the protocol for a systematic review to summarize the knowledge about the association between motor performance, such as agility, flexibility, balance, strength, muscle endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness, and back pain. Thus, our aim is to identify the influence of motor performance on back pain among children and adolescents.

Arthroscopic Bankart Repair With Remplissage in Comparison to Bone Block Augmentation for Anterior Shoulder Instability With Bipolar Bone Loss: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the rates of postoperative recurrence of instability, functional outcomes, and complications after treatment with bone augmentation procedures or arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in the setting of subcritical glenoid bone loss.

Methods: EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE were searched from database inception until June 2019 for articles examining either bone block augmentation to the glenoid or Bankart repair with remplissage (BRR) in the setting of subcritical glenoid bone loss. Search and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers independently and in duplicate.

Effectiveness of a 12-Week Physical Exercise Program on Lower-Limb Malalignment in School-age Rugby: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: We sought to assess the effectiveness of 12 weeks of a physical exercise program (PEP) in child rugby players with lower-limb overpronation during gait.

Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial. A total of 123 young athletes (mean ± standard deviation age, 10.

Low rates of serious complications but high rates of hardware removal after high tibial osteotomy with Tomofix locking plate.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse adverse events encountered in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) utilizing contemporary surgical techniques with the Tomofix locking plate (DePuy Synthes, Raynham, MA, USA) and categorize them by their severity and need for further medical/surgical management. It was hypothesized that there would be low rates of serious complications after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy utilizing an internal locking plate fixator.

Methods: This study included 169 consecutive patients (200 knees) who underwent MOWHTO with a Tomofix locking plate at a single center, completing a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Biomechanical Comparison of Graft Preparation Techniques for All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: All-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is an emerging technique used to treat ACL injuries. The all-inside technique uses a 4-stranded graft made from a single tendon that is looped on itself. The 4 strands of the graft must be secured to each other to become a closed-loop structure.

The ENIGMA sports injury working group:- an international collaboration to further our understanding of sport-related brain injury.

Sport-related brain injury is very common, and the potential long-term effects include a wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and potentially neurodegeneration. Around the globe, researchers are conducting neuroimaging studies on primarily homogenous samples of athletes. However, neuroimaging studies are expensive and time consuming, and thus current findings from studies of sport-related brain injury are often limited by small sample sizes.

Exploring Anatomic Variants to Enhance Anatomy Teaching: Musculus Sternalis.

The opportunity to encounter and appreciate the range of human variation in anatomic structures-and its potential impact on related structures, function, and treatment-is one of the chief benefits of cadaveric dissection for students in clinical preprofessional programs. The dissection lab is also where students can examine unusual anatomic variants that may not be included in their textbooks, lab manuals, or other course materials. For students specializing in physical medicine, awareness and understanding of muscle variants has a practical relevance to their preparations for clinical practice.

Fabella syndrome in an elite swimmer.

The fabella is a sesamoid bone present in 30% of the population and, in the majority of cases, it is shown in the proximal head of the lateral gastrocnemius articulating with the lateral femoral condyle. Fabella syndrome is an uncommon disease and it must be considered when dealing with posterolateral pain that increases with extension of the knee. Because of its rarity and underdiagnosis, the literature reports few articles relating to its therapeutic management.

Comparison of Coracoid Graft Position and Fixation in the Open Versus Arthroscopic Latarjet Techniques: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Since the description of the arthroscopic Latarjet technique, discussion about the superiority of the open or arthroscopic procedure has arisen. The appropriate placement of the coracoid graft (CG) on the anterior glenoid neck is reported to be the most important step of the Latarjet procedure.

Purpose: To verify if there are differences in the parameters that may affect the final position and fixation of CG obtained from the open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques.

Hamstrings substitution via anteromedial portal with optional anterolateral ligament reconstruction is the preferred surgical technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a survey among ESSKA members.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to report on a worldwide web-based survey among the ESSKA community developed to investigate current recommendations regarding ACL reconstruction surgical procedures.

Methods: All contacts in the official mailing list of the ESSKA were contacted to investigate preferences regarding graft type, anterolateral ligament reconstruction, femoral tunnel drilling technique, single-bundle vs double-bundle technique, femoral and tibial fixation methods.

Results: Eight-hundred and twenty responses were analyzed.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance clarifies arrhythmogenicity in asymptomatic young athletes with ventricular arrhythmias undergoing pre-participation evaluation.

Pre-participation sports examination (PPE) is a frequent reason for consultation. However, the exact role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in PPE remains undefined. The additive value of CMR in adolescent athletes with ventricular rhythm disturbances (VRDs) was investigated.

Vitamin D for Improved Bone Health and Prevention of Stress Fractures: A Review of the Literature.

Vitamin D is a vital nutrient and hormone needed for many essential functions in overall health. There is growing literature examining the role of vitamin D not only in the general population but also in athletes. The most predominantly studied area of vitamin D pertains to bone health.

Hop tests and psychological PROs provide a demanding and clinician-friendly RTS assessment of patients after ACL reconstruction, a registry study.

Background: There is growing interest in assessing psychological well-being in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is unknown whether an assessment of psychological outcome in addition to tests of muscle function can facilitate decisions on return to sport (RTS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate passing rates in different physical RTS test batteries, with and without the inclusion of psychological outcome measures 1 year after ACL reconstruction.

Neuroplasticity and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common, with a seemingly constant increase in their number, and potentially serious consequences for sports participation and long-term general and musculoskeletal health.

Areas Of Agreement: Most players are able to return to cutting sport after ACL reconstruction, but some sustain further knee problems needing different approach to their rehabilitation.

Growing Points: Neurocognitive tasks, measuring reaction time, processing speed, visual memory and verbal memory, allow indirect assessment of cerebral performance.

Intraosseous Bioplasty for a Subchondral Cyst in the Lateral Condyle of Femur.

Several conditions can lead to the development of a subchondral cyst. The mechanism by which the cysts form, their location, and their severity depend on the underlying pathology, although the exact pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. Treatment options vary according to the location of the cyst, with less invasive procedures such as calcium phosphate cement injection to a joint arthroplasty when there is an extensive cyst in communication with the joint space.

Suture Tape Reduces Quadriceps Tendon Repair Gap Formation Compared With High-Strength Suture: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical differences between quadriceps tendon (QT) repair with high-strength suture (HSS) versus suture tape (ST) with varying number of suture passes.

Methods: In total, 28 fresh-frozen QTs were randomized into 2 groups: (1) HSS; or (2) ST; specimens were then further randomized into subgroups of either 4 or 6 suture passes. Specimens were secured within a materials testing system and a 150-N preload was applied for 10 seconds followed by a cyclic loading protocol between 50 N and 250 N for 1000 cycles.

Insertion of Small Diameter Radiopaque Tracking Beads into the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Results in Repeatable Strain Measurement Without Affecting the Material Properties.

The characterization of ligamentous soft tissue properties is limited by a lack of measurement methods capable of minimally-invasively quantifying regional strain. Previous implementations of radiographic imaging and tissue-embedded radiopaque markers demonstrated promising regional strain measurements, but found error associated with non-repeatable bead positions within the tissue after load application. No study has investigated the effects of cyclic loading on the strains measured within the tissue.

Quadriceps strengthening with blood flow restriction for the rehabilitation of patients with knee conditions: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare the effects of low load resistance combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) versus conventional quadriceps strengthening on knee symptoms and function as well as knee extensor strength and muscle thickness in adults with knee conditions.

Literature Survey: Guidelines based on the latest evidence highlight the importance of quadriceps strengthening to reduce pain and improve function in patients with knee conditions. Blood flow restriction is based on brief periods of vascular occlusion which cause muscle hypertrophy and increased strength.

Hand fractures and return to play in elite Australian cricketers.

Introduction: Hand fractures are one of the most common injuries sustained whilst playing cricket. Further research is required to inform future clinical management and risk-reduction strategies.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed all cases of hand fractures in elite Australian cricket players over a three-year period.