Preparing the soil: Adjusting the metabolic health of patients with chronic wounds and musculoskeletal diseases.

In recent years, systemic inflammation has emerged as a pivotal player in the development and progression of various degenerative diseases. This complex, chronic inflammatory state, often undetected, can have far-reaching consequences for the body's physiology. At the molecular level, markers such as C-reactive protein, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators serve as indicators of systemic inflammation and often act as predictors of numerous musculoskeletal diseases and even certain forms of cancer.

Capsinoids Increase Antioxidative Enzyme Activity and Prevent Obesity-Induced Cardiac Injury without Positively Modulating Body Fat Accumulation and Cardiac Oxidative Biomarkers.

Background/objectives: Capsinoids are potential antioxidant agents capable of reducing oxidative damage and the resulting complications triggered by obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsinoids on adiposity and biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet.

Methods: Male rats were exposed to a high-fat diet for 27 consecutive weeks.

The Association of Weight Categories in Adolescence with Cardiovascular Morbidity in Young Adult Israeli Arabs-A Nationwide Study.

The health consequences of adolescent obesity are understudied in young adult Israeli Arabs. We aimed to evaluate the association of weight categories during adolescence with hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and the composite endpoint of ischemic stroke (IS), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF) in young adult Israeli Arabs on a nationwide level. A retrospective cohort study of 53,726 Arab adolescents born from 1988-1992 was conducted.

Association of adolescent obesity with Anxiety, Depression and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder in the Arab population in Israel - a nationwide study.

Background: The health ramifications of adolescent obesity are understudied in the Israeli Arab population, and the impact of ethnicity on the association of obesity with mental health problems is unclear.

Aim: To examine the association of weight categories with Anxiety, Depression and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Arab adolescents in Israel and to compare this association to a Jewish comparison group.

Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide study of 313,936 Arab adolescents aged 14-19 years between the years 2007-2022, and 289,616 Jewish adolescents in a comparison group.

Relationship between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Physical Fitness Components in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents.

Background/objectives: There is a need to monitor physical fitness in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents, and body mass index (BMI) could be an option for this due to its usability for assessing nutritional status and fat mass. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between BMI and physical fitness in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents aged 5-15, with participants from two research protocols (Study I, = 65; Study II, = 21).

Attentional Focus Strategies Can Improve Performance of Postural Control in Runners.

Attentional focus strategies, especially external focus, are associated with improvements in mechanisms of postural control. This can be important in reducing sports injuries in practices such as running, which has seen an increase in adherence. However, the impacts of these strategies on postural control in runners are unclear.

No Combined Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum and Priming Exercise on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Kinetics: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial in Cyclists.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion by chewing gum (GUMCAF) combined with priming exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen extraction (HHb + Mb) kinetics during cycling performed in a severe-intensity domain. Fifteen trained cyclists completed four visits: two under a placebo gum (GUMPLA) and two under GUMCAF ingestion. Each visit consisted of two square-wave cycling bouts at Δ70 intensity (70% of difference between the V˙O2 at first ventilatory threshold and V˙O2max) with duration of 6 min each and 5 min of passive rest between the bouts.

Precision and accuracy of four handheld blood lactate analyzers across low to high exercise intensities.

Purpose: To evaluate the precision and accuracy in measured blood lactate concentrations among four commonly used handheld lactate analyzers compared to two stationary analyzers.

Methods: Venous blood samples were taken at exercise intensities ranging from low to high. The blood lactate concentration was measured simultaneously with four pairs of handheld lactate analyzers (two new units of each brand: Lactate Plus, Lactate Pro2, Lactate Scout 4, and TaiDoc TD-4289), and compared with two stationary analyzers (Biosen C-Line and YSI Sport 1500).

Reference growth curves of anthropometric markers in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7-14 years from southern Brazil.

Reference growth curves are viable tools for monitoring somatic growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop reference growth curves for body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7-14 years. The reference growth curves were constructed from a cross-sectional panel study using data from four surveys conducted in 2002, 2007, 2012/2013 and 2018/2019, with 9675 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years, of both sexes from Florianopolis, Southern Brazil.

Assessment of exercise-induced dehydration in underhydrated athletes: Which method shows the most promise?

Background & Aims: Athletes are commonly exposed to exercise-induced dehydration. However, the best method to detect dehydration under this circumstance is not clear. This study aimed to analyze pre- and post-dehydration measurements of biomarkers, including saliva osmolality (SOsm), urine osmolality (UOsm), urine-specific gravity (USG), urine color (Ucolor), serum osmolality (SeOsm), serum arginine vasopressin (AVP), serum sodium (Na), and thirst sensation in underhydrated athletes, using the body mass loss (BML) as the reference method.

Can isometric testing substitute for the one repetition maximum squat test?

When measuring maximum strength, a high accuracy and precision is required to monitor the training adaptations. Based on available reliability parameters, the literature suggests the replacement of the one repetition maximum (1RM) by isometric testing to save testing time. However, from a statistical point of view, correlation coefficients do not provide the required information when aiming to replace one test by another.

Aerobic Exercise in the Aquatic Environment Suppresses the Plasma Renin Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

To compare the acute effects of aquatic walking/running versus dry-land walking/running on blood glucose and plasma renin activity (PRA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes, participants with type 2 diabetes performed deep-water or dry-land walking and/or running sessions in a swimming pool or on an athletics track, respectively. Both sessions comprised seven blocks of 3 min at 85-90% of the heart rate deflection point (HRDP), interspersed with 2 min at <85% HRDP, totaling 35 min, with a 48 h interval between sessions. PRA and blood glucose were assessed before and immediately after the sessions.

Profound Properties of Protein-Rich, Platelet-Rich Plasma Matrices as Novel, Multi-Purpose Biological Platforms in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Wound Healing.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are prepared at the point of care. Centrifugation cellular density separation sequesters a fresh unit of blood into three main fractions: a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fraction, a stratum rich in platelets (platelet concentrate), and variable leukocyte bioformulation and erythrocyte fractions. The employment of autologous platelet concentrates facilitates the biological potential to accelerate and support numerous cellular activities that can lead to tissue repair, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and, ultimately, functional and structural repair.

Does acute dehydration affect the neuromuscular function in healthy adults?-a systematic review.

The effects of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function have been studied. However, whether the mechanisms underpinning such function are central or peripheral is still being determined, and the results are inconsistent. This systematic review aims to elucidate the influence of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function, including a novel aspect of investigating the central and peripheral neuromuscular mechanisms.

Factors associated with body mass index in a cohort of older adults: Structural equation modeling analysis.

Background: Considering the interrelationship between the multiple determinants of nutritional status, analyses are needed to estimate direct and mediated effects between the variables that influence body mass index (BMI) in older adults. We aimed to verify the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, behavioral and health conditions on the BMI of older adults in the community.

Methods: This is a longitudinal study based on data collection in 2015 and 2020.

Former Olympians had remained on high bone mineral density for a long period: Consecutive checkup of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Japanese contestants for over 50 years.

Introduction: We performed consecutive checkups of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic contestants every 4 years for 50 years. This study evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and its related factors in former Tokyo Olympic athletes.

Objectives: The study population comprised 181 former Olympians (141 men and 40 women) who had undergone BMD measurement in at least one of the four checkups performed every 4 years since 2005.

Protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial of gentle yoga in older patients discharged from phase II cardiac rehabilitation.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is essential following an acute cardiac event. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is commonly prescribed, and PA after CR is recommended. Because of age-related changes in functional ability and multi-comorbidity, many older cardiac patients struggle to continue performing PA at home after CR.

Effect of m-Health-Based Interventions on Blood Pressure: An Updated Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

In recent years, the integration of mobile health (m-Health) interventions has garnered increasing attention as a potential means to improve blood pressure (BP) management in adults. This updated systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to identify the effect of m-Health-based interventions on BP in adults and to evaluate the effect of m-Health on BP according to the characteristics of subjects, interventions, and countries. The search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, ResearchGate, and Cochrane databases in January 2022.

Effects of physical training on the metabolic profile of rats exposed to chronic restraint stress.

Introduction: Despite strong evidences supporting the protective role of exercise against stress-induced repercussions, the literature remains inconclusive regarding metabolic aspects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Physical Training (PT) by swimming on the metabolic parameters of rats subjected to restraint stress.

Methods: Wistar rats (n = 40) were divided into four groups: Control (C), Trained (T), Stressed (S), and Trained/Stressed (TS).

The blood serum metabolome profile after different phases of a 4-km cycling time trial: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

It has been assumed that exercise intensity variation throughout a cycling time trial (TT) occurs in alignment of various metabolic changes to prevent premature task failure. However, this assumption is based on target metabolite responses, which limits our understanding of the complex interconnection of metabolic responses during exercise. The current study characterized the metabolomic profile, an untargeted metabolic analysis, after specific phases of a cycling 4-km TT.

Effects of high-intensity interval training and resistance training on physiological parameters and performance of well-trained runners: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to verify the effects of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), heavy (HRT) and explosive (ERT) resistance training on aerobic, anaerobic and neuromuscular parameters and performance of well-trained runners. Twenty-six male athletes were divided into HIIT ( = 10), HRT ( = 7) and ERT ( = 9) groups. Maximal oxygen uptake () and the corresponding velocity (), anaerobic threshold (AT), running economy (RE), oxygen uptake kinetics, lower-body strength (1RM) and power (CMJ), and the 1500m and 5000m time-trial (TT) were determined.

Effects of Resistance Training Techniques on Metabolic Responses in Trained Males.

This study investigated the effects of biset, drop-set and traditional resistance training (RT) techniques on metabolic responses in resistance-trained males. Fifteen trained males (age 29.7 ± 6.