Rural and remote health care: the case for spatial justice.

Almost universally, people living in rural and remote places die younger, poorer, and sicker than urban-dwelling citizens of the same country. Despite clear need, health services are commonly less available, and more costly and challenging to access, for rural and remote people. Rural geography is commonly cited as a reason for these disparities, that is, rural people are said to live in places too distant, too underpopulated, and too difficult to access.

Mass Casualty Incident Training in Immersive Virtual Reality: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Multimethod Performance Indicators.

Background: Immersive virtual reality (iVR) has emerged as a training method to prepare medical first responders (MFRs) for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and disasters in a resource-efficient, flexible, and safe manner. However, systematic evaluations and validations of potential performance indicators for virtual MCI training are still lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether different performance indicators based on visual attention, triage performance, and information transmission can be effectively extended to MCI training in iVR by testing if they can discriminate between different levels of expertise.

Effects of daylong exposure to indoor overheating on enterocyte damage and inflammatory responses in older adults: A randomized crossover trial.

We evaluated enterocyte damage (IFABP), microbial translocation (sCD14), and inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) in 16 older adults (66-78 years) during 8 hours rest in conditions simulating homes maintained at 22°C (control), the 26°C indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies, and homes without air-conditioning during heatwaves (31°C, 36°C). Relative to 22°C, IFABP was elevated ~181 pg/mL after exposure to 31°C (P=0.07), and by ~378 pg/mL (P<0.

Factors associated with urinary incontinence in nulliparous female elite athletes: an exploratory, cross-sectional study using dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and questionnaire data.

Purpose: Urinary incontinence (UI) is common in nulliparous female elite athletes, but underlying pathophysiology is inadequately understood. We examined urinary symptoms and associated pelvic floor anatomy and function in this population, hypothesizing that athletes with UI would exhibit pelvic floor findings seen in older incontinent women (e.g.

The Effectiveness of Spinal Manipulative Therapy in Treating Spinal Pain Does Not Depend on the Application Procedures: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

To assess whether spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) application procedures (ie, target, thrust, and region) impacted changes in pain and disability for adults with spine pain. Systematic review with network meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews indexed up to February 2022 and conducted a systematic search of 5 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL [Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials], PEDro [Physiotherapy Evidence Database], and Index to Chiropractic Literature) from January 1, 2018, to September 12, 2023.

What Do Women (With Serious Knee Injury) Want to Know About Knee Health? Identifying Research Priorities With a Consumer Advisory Group.

To (1) establish a women's knee health consumer advisory group (CAG) via an evidence-informed process and (2) identify the CAG's research priorities to inform future projects. Mixed-methods priority-setting study. The CAG was established, grounded in a participatory action research approach and using the Patient Engagement in Research Framework, to inform a 4-phase process: (1) understand, (2) plan, (3) undertake, and (4) evaluate.

Effects of treadmill running on anxiety- and craniofacial pain-like behaviors with histone H3 acetylation in the brain of mice subjected to social defeat stress.

This study examined the effects of treadmill running (TR) regimens on craniofacial pain- and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as their effects on neural changes in specific brain regions of male mice subjected to repeated social defeat stress (SDS) for 10 days. Behavioral and immunohistochemical experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of TR regimens on SDS-related those behaviors, as well as epigenetic and neural activity markers in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insular cortex (IC), rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and cervical spinal dorsal horn (C2). Behavioral responses were quantified using multiple tests, while immunohistochemistry measured histone H3 acetylation, histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2), and neural activity markers (FosB and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB).

Use of AI methods to assessment of lower limb peak torque in deaf and hearing football players group.

Monitoring and assessing the level of lower limb motor skills using the Biodex System plays an important role in the training of football players and in post-traumatic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to build and test an artificial intelligence-based model to assess the peak torque of the lower limb extensors and flexors. The model was based on real-world results in three groups: hearing ( = 19) and deaf football players ( = 28) and non-training deaf pupils ( = 46).

Isokinetic strength and jumping abilities of teenage soccer players playing in different field positions.

Soccer is a sport being performed in a very dynamic manner. It requires soccer players to be able to develop high muscle force in a very short period of time. The aim of the study was to evaluate the strength and jumping abilities of young soccer players playing in different positions on the field.

Comparison of stop-jump muscle synergies in amateur basketball players with and without asymptomatic patellar tendon abnormalities during simulated games.

: Asymptomatic patellar tendon abnormality (APTA) is considered a precursor to patellar tendinopathy (PT), but its pathogenesis remains unclear, especially regarding changes in muscle coordination. Therefore, it is essential to explore the muscle synergy patterns in individuals with APTA. This study recorded sEMG data during stop-jump tasks in 8 APTA and 8 healthy amateur male basketball players in a simulated basketball game.

Correlation between body composition variables, plantar pressure and pain level.

From a current perspective, it is understood that body posture is influenced by individual asymmetries, cultural context, habitual body patterns, etiological factors and psychosocial factors allocated to the individual. Clarifying the musculoskeletal cause that originated the postural alteration is considered the clinical challenge in the treatment of pain or discomfort. Recent studies have shown the influence of changes in body weight on the distribution of plantar pressure and foot pain, emphasizing the importance of understanding these relationships.

The design of a striking dummy and the theoretical foundations of martial arts strikes.

The aim of the research was to develop the design of a striking dummy and the theoretical foundations of martial arts strikes and to test its effectiveness in a pedagogical experiment. This paper presents the design of a striking dummy and the foundational theories behind martial arts strikes. We used modern microelectronics, including a diverse range of sensors, for executing a multitude of electromechanical measurements.

A study on the performance of WordSID thorax module for thorax injury prediction in e-Bike rider based on real accident data.

In this study, the analysis of 2824 vulnerable road users (VRU) accident data from China's FASS (Future mobile traffic Accident Scenario Study) database indicates that VRU side impacts are the most common collision scenarios. A typical accident (minivan-toeBike) from the FASS database was selected for accident reconstruction. WordSID thorax module has been employed to evaluate e-Bike rider thorax injuries and its kinematic difference has been investigated as well.

The real rotational capacity of the human joints - the muscular and gravitational torques and the foot as a platform.

The purpose was to answer what is the relationship between torques acting on the human body, how does the triceps calf muscle balance the weight of a tilted body and what is the foot's role in the titling body? Two research models were developed. Model 1 - the one-sided lever system consists of a flat bar with, an axis of rotation, used to determine the weight and torque at a given point on it. Model 2 - the two-sided lever system consists of a flat bar imitating a tilted body counteracted by the Achilles tendon, and a platform imitating a foot.

Strength and size relationships of toe flexor muscles in three different functional force production tasks.

: Toe flexor strength (TFS) has been determined to evaluate the toe flexor muscle function. However, it is unclear how strength and size relationships of toe flexor muscles vary depending on the toes intended for force production. We aimed to clarify this by examining the relationship between TFS and toe flexor muscle size, and hypothesized TFS produced by all toes (TFS-All), the great toe (TFS-Great) and lesser toes (TFS-Lesser) would be specifically associated with the size of the muscles specialized in each corresponding toe flexion.

Cognitive representation of gait: differences in memory structures between individuals after total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty.

The objective was to examine differences in the gait-specific cognitive representation structures between individuals after total knee- (TKA) and after total hip-joint arthroplasty (THA). The cognitive representation structure was compared between three groups: 1. three months after TKA (n = 12), 2.

Narrative review of long-standing groin pain in athletes. Retrospective analysis of over 12 000 patients.

Purpose: This article critically examines long-standing groin pain (LSGP) in physically active adults related to sports overload by analyzing terminology, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Method: This review is based on data from over 10,000 patients managed through a multidisciplinary algorithm. (LSGP) has been variably labeled, using terms that have led to inconsistencies in understanding its origin and management.

Evidence synthesis of health policy and systems research in rehabilitation: a protocol for Cochrane overviews of systematic reviews on delivery, governance, financial arrangements, and implementation strategies.

Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization (WHO) Rehabilitation Program are collaborating to produce four Cochrane overviews of systematic reviews that synthesize the current evidence from health policy and systems research (HPSR) in rehabilitation. They will focus on the four pillars of HPSR identified by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) taxonomy: delivery arrangements, financial arrangements, governance arrangements, and implementation strategies. The protocol describes why HPSR is currently needed in rehabilitation, provides detailed information on the four EPOC pillars in interaction with rehabilitation and reports the Cochrane methods that will be followed to produce the overviews.

Anatomy of a Crash: Analysis of 102 Pedestrian and Bicyclist Fatalities.

Pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities have increased over the past decade in the United States. Factors proposed to explain this increase include the increased popularity of larger passenger vehicles, road design to accommodate faster-moving traffic, and poor road infrastructure. We analyzed a series of 102 pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities to determine which factors were involved.

Does increasing the resistance-training volume lead to greater gains? The effects of weekly set progressions on muscular adaptations in females.

We investigated the effect of increasing the number of sets per week every fortnight versus performing a constant set volume on muscular adaptations over 12 weeks. Thirty females (RT experience 2.1 ± 1.

Unmasking the Culprit: Reframing Pain in Research and Management of Patellofemoral Pain.

This editorial draws an analogy between the literary genre of the 'whodunit' and the complexities of patellofemoral pain (PFP). Traditionally, PFP management has centered on biomechanical factors such as hip muscle weakness, foot pronation, and patellar tracking issues. However, long-term outcomes often remain unsatisfactory, highlighting the need for alternative strategies.

Evolving the Control-Chaos Continuum: Part 1 - Translating Knowledge to Enhance On-Pitch Rehabilitation.

On-pitch rehabilitation is a crucial part of returning to sport after injury in elite soccer. The () initially offered a framework for practitioners to plan on-pitch rehabilitation, focusing on physical preparation and sport specificity. However, our experiences with the , combined with recent research in injury neurophysiology, point to a need for an updated model that integrates practice design and physical-cognitive interactions.

Mediation of modifiable risk factors in two multidomain dementia prevention trials.

Introduction: We explored which dementia risk factors in two multidomain prevention trials mediate beneficial, neutral, or counteracting effects on dementia incidence.

Methods: We pooled data from the multidomain MAPT (Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial; n = 1679, up to 5-year follow-up) and preDIVA trials (Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care; n = 3526, up to 12-year follow-up) in adults aged 70+. We used multiple mediation analysis to quantify the role of 2-year changes in body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and physical activity in the intervention effects on dementia incidence.

Association Between Patient Characteristics and the Depth of Microvascular Penetration Into the Adult Human Meniscus.

Background: Current knowledge on the microvascular anatomy of adult human menisci is based on cadaveric studies. However, considerable interindividual variation in meniscal microvascularization has been reported in recent studies with small sample sizes.

Purpose: To assess the association between patient characteristics and the depth of microvascularization of the meniscus.

Platelet Concentration Explains Variability in Outcomes of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Lateral Epicondylitis: A High Dose Is Critical for a Positive Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Meta-regression.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the management of lateral epicondylitis (LE) have been characterized by substantial variability in reported outcomes. The source of this heterogeneity is uncertain.

Purpose: To determine the effect of estimated platelet concentration on the efficacy of PRP for the management of LE.