[Anterior uveal malignant melanoma with subconjunctival extension--a clinical case].

The authors present the case of a patient with intraocular tumour and secondary glaucoma, which has been surgically treated for acute angle-closure glaucoma in a local hospital. Patient sits for examination at the clinic 11 months after surgery. Multiple conjunctiva pigmented metastasis are present at physical examination.

[Color vision in glaucoma].

This article is a general view of evaluated acquired color vision defects in the early stages of primary glaucoma and in patients at risk for glaucoma. The articles published until now indicates a decrease in color discriminating sensitivity in the short wavelength part of the visible spectrum in patients with glaucoma as well as in patients with ocular hypertension. It has been found a positive correlation between the blue-yellow color vision defects and the perimetric changes in the glaucomatous eyes.

[Genetic aspects of retinoblastoma].

Retinoblastoma is a genetic expression model of the tumors' suppressor genes. This study explains the most important elements of the genetic mechanisms which govern retinoblastoma's appearance and remission. It also attempts to address questions about the risk of patient's relatives getting retinoblastoma.

[Cataract surgery in Romania--2003].

Aim: to evaluate cataract surgery performed in Romania analyzing: --the number of cataract surgery performed in 2003; --the surgical technique used: intracapsular extraction, extracapsular extraction, phacoemulsification; --the number and type of intraocular lenses used; --the number of ophthalmologists that performed cataract surgery;

Material And Method: --a questionnaire was sent to all ophthalmologists which do cataract surgery.

Results: --38,000 surgeries for cataract were performed in 2003; --the surgical techniques used were : Phacoemulsification (18,000 cases), classic extracapsular extraction ( 19,000 cases) and intracapsular extraction (1000 cases); --28,500 rigid and 8,000 foldable intraocular lenses were implanted; - 223 ophthalmologists perform cataract surgery in Romania.

[Phacoemulsification and pseudoexfoliative syndrome].

Purpose: To compare the results and the complications of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study (January 2001 - January 2004; mean follow-up 21.5 months) of 116 cases divided in two groups: group A (55 eyes) with senile cataract and pseudoexfoliation syndrome and group B (61 eyes) with senile cataract but without pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

[Macula in glaucoma patients].

Recent studies show that early glaucoma changes consist in decrease of macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. When visual acuity and visual field are modified there are 50% ganglion cells loss in retina. Retinal evaluation becomes a new method in early detection of glaucoma.

[Usher's syndrome].

Purpose: to show the manner of diagnose of this syndrome and to evaluate the possibilities of treatment MATERIAL AND METHOD--there are shown: --ophthalmological and ENT clinical examination --visual field test--adaptometry--audiometry --impedance--auditive evoked potentials--cataract extraction (phacoemulsification).

Results: After cataract extraction the visual acuity increase.

Conclusions: For the diagnosis we need both the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa and neurosensorial deafness.

[Retinal tumors of the adult--two case reports].

Most frequently, retinal tumors that affect adults are rare, benign lesions that arise from vascular structures (hemangioma), neuroglial structures (astrocytoma, massive gliosis of the retina) or neuroepithelial cells (occasional forms of retinoblastoma that spontaneously stop growing and do not achieve or lose their malignant character). Retinal metastasis might be encountered but the settling of cancer cells at this level is very rare. Retinal tumors have frequently systemic associations and in this case they are included in the phacomatoses syndrome; nevertheless, they can also occur as a nonsyndromic pathological disorder.

[Hepatic actinomycosis--pseudotumoral form].

Hepatic actinomycosis is a pretty rare anatomo-clinical entity that often induces a wrong pre-operative diagnosis. By presenting a case of hepatic actinomycosis, apparently primitive and diagnosed pre-operatively as a neoplastic lesion, the authors discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, mentioning that in the solid, tumoral forms, the hepatic resection is necessary. The authors consider that the post-operative addition of antibiotherapy (mega doses of penicillin) is useful for the eradication of inflammatory residual hepatic parenchyma as well as for the cicatrisation of the parietal fistulae.

[Decontamination of ocular globes--comparison of three methods].

Purpose: Determination of the success degree of the three decontamination methods for the purpose of choosing the decontamination method before the prelevation of the cornea for its best preservation.

Material And Method: The studied decontamination methods were: 1. Immersion of the ocular globe in Betadina (polividon--iod) 2.

[Acrylic IOL implantation with the Monarch II injector].

Purpose: To study the technical difficulties using the MONARCH II injector, intraoperative incidents, postoperative astigmatism.

Methods: Retrospective study which included 135 eyes with cataract who underwent cataract surgery between March 2002-August 2003. The surgical intervention consisted of lens extraction by phacoemulsification technique and IOL implantation with the MONARCH II injector.

[Travatan--preliminary results].

Purpose: The prostaglandin analogues represent the first option for the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of Travatan în treatment for different type of glaucoma.

Methods: It was performed an observational clinical study between November 2002 and March 2003 on 33 patients (62 eyes), who were divided into treatment with Travatan în 4 groups.

[Coats disease].

Coats disease is an idiopathic disorder characterized by an abnormal development of retinal vessels (telangiectasia), with a progressive deposition of intraretinal or subretinal exudates, leading to exudative retinal detachment. Classically is isolated, unilateral and affects mainly boys between 4 to 8 years. The diagnostic methods include direct and indirect opthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, CT scan, MR imaging, especially în the advanced stages of disease, when is difficult to differentiate from retinoblastoma.

[Birdshot retinochoroidopathy].

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy is a rare, chronic, bilateral, posterior uveitis with a distinctive clinical presentation and a strong genetic association. Middle aged white people of northern European extraction are most commonly. The pathogenesis is unknown, but HLA-A29 positivity appears to confer predisposition and retinal autoimmunity seems to play a role.

[Eales disease. Idiopathic retinal vasculopathy--diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

The Eales disease is a retinal idiopathic vasculitis which has raised big problems in diagnosis and especially in therapeutic approach. The complications secondary to neovascularization as well as fibrovascular proliferation has surpassed for many times the therapeutical possibilities from nowadays.

[Surgical decision in both cataract and glaucoma].

The authors try to establishes the algorithm for the treatment in patients who have both cataract and glaucoma. Clinicians must decide when to do cataract surgery, when to do glaucoma surgery and when to do a combined procedure, as well as decide which technique is appropriate. The paper presents a comparative analyze on three groups of patients who have this pathological association, regarding the factors involved in the surgery decision process and the postoperative results (visual acuity--VA, intraocular pressure--IOP, complications).

[The therapeutical approach in the unilateral congenital cataract of the child].

The management of pediatric cataracts is, by far, more complex than the management of cataracts in adults and depends not only on deterioration of visual acuity, but also on the status of the other eye, the general health of the child, the motivation and the financial situation of the parents and last, but not least, on the surgeons' experience and skill, and the technical support. The therapeutically approach involves: the preoperative evaluation to establishes the indication and the timing of surgery the adaptation of the surgical technique for each case the choice of the aphakic correction the visual rehabilitation in the context of amblyopia management.

[Visual fields defects in cerebral hemorrhagic vascular accident].

Interpretation of the fields of vision forms a key part of ophthalmic and neurologic examinations. The homonymous hemianopa is a hallmark of a retrochiasmal lesion. Postchiasmal lesions that interrupt the visual pathway may have multiple causes which the circulatory disturbances is one of the most important.

[Choroid metastasis consequence of breast neoplasm].

The paper presents a clinical case of a 46 years old woman with metastatic carcinoma the leading point being breast and the therapeutical modalities taken in this situation.

[Primary open angle glaucoma evolution after surgery].

The authors present a four year (01.02.1998-01.

[Optic nerve bilateral atrophy in a suprachiasmatic astrocytoma].

The paper presents a clinical case of a 5 years old child with bilateral optic atrophy and the specific diagnosis and treatment problems of this case. The image investigations have a major part in establishing the positive diagnosis: computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and the elective treatment belongs to the field of neurosurgery.

[Contrast sensitivity].

This paper presents a few theoretical considerations about the contrast sensitivity, modalities of testing and changes of contrast sensitivity in different ophthalmologic diseases.

[The role of Brinzolamide 1% ophtalmic suspension in corneal edema].

Purpose: The study is aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (IAC--i.e. ophthalmic suspension of brinzolamide 1%--Azopt) in the treatment of corneal edema.

[Cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV positive patients].

Unlabelled: First it is shown an up-date about cytomegalovirus retinitis, concerning pathogeny, diagnosis, evolution and treatment. Then is a study about incidence and evolution of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients, which have the diagnosis among january 1994-september 2002.

Conclusions: In Romania the incidence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients is lower than in western countries, because over 60% of patients are children.