[Refractive stability of artificial lens in Acrysof TORIC].

Objectives: This study evaluates the efficiency of toric artificial intraocular lenses in correcting the astigmatism of pacients operated by facoemulsification.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried in which took part during the following period: february 2008 - february 2010. The study was carried on a number of 37 eyes.

[Penetrating ocular trauma with intraocular foreign body].

We present the case of a 65 years old pacient which was admitted for the sudden decrease of visual acuity in the left eye, accompanied by ocular pain and conjunctival hiperemia, simptoms appeared after an ocular trauma. After the clinical and paraclinical examination we determined the diagnosis of OS: Penetrating ocular trauma with retention of a foreign body; posttraumatic cataract. Surgical treatement was warrented and we performed OS : Facoemulsification + PFK implant in sulcus + 23 Ga posterior vitrectomy + peeling of the posterior hyaloid membrane + extraction of the foreign body + LASER endofotocoagulation + transscleral cryotherapy + SF6 gas injection.

[Pathophysiology and treatment of ARMD].

Purpose: A review regarding the pathophysiology of AMD as shown in the literature

Results: Targets in AMD treatment include: 1. Protection against oxidative stress; 2. Prevention of the accumulation of lipofuscin; 3.

[Normal corneal wound healing].

Corneal wound healing is divided into several phases that, in reality are part of a continuous process, involving the corneal epithelium and stroma, corneal nerves, inflammatory cells, lacrimal glands. The layers of the cornea interact through autocrine and paracrine modulation, mediated by cytokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes. Corneal healing is affected by many factors, including: wound size and depth, causative agent, age, medication, preexisting diseases.

[Posterior vitrectomy--ground principles].

In this paper, we present the principles of posterior vitrectomy and describe the devices used for this type of surgery.

[Complications of posterior capsule tear].

Posterior capsule tears occur in every cataract surgeon's practice. If the tear is properly managed, however the surgeon will likely be able to complete the procedure and place a posterior chamber intra-ocular lens (PCIOL). Proper complication management, including a posterior capsule tear, depends first on the surgeon's ability to maintain composure and operating room decorum.

[Current trends in keratoplasty].

The article presents current keratoplasty options available worldwide, indications and limits for each type of surgical procedure, as well as postoperative treatment, including immunomodulation therapies, some of whom are still in an experimental stage, available for use in selected clinics.

[Visually evoked potential].

The visual evoked potential (VEP) is a recording of electrical activity of the visual cortex created by stimulation of the retina. The main indications are monitoring of visual function in babies and the investigation of optic neuropathy, particularly when associated with demyelination. It can also be used to monitor macular pathway function.

[Age related macular degeneration and C-reactive protein].

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a systemic inflammatory marker associated with the cardiovascular risk profile. Some of the cardiovascular risk factors are linked with the development of age related macular degeneration (AMD), but the correlation between CRP and AMD is not yet well documented. Our current study is trying to emphasize the correlation between plasma CRP levels and the risk for AMD.

[Left paraduodenal hernia with particular evolution].

Paraduodenal hernia is a rare situation, less than 400 cases being published in literature. This condition is difficult to explore, diagnose appear within an occlusive syndrome. The etiopathology involves perturbation of intestinal rotation during the intrauterine life, producing paraduodenal fossa, which generates conditions for internal hernias and occlusive situations.

[Normotensive glaucoma].

Normal tension glaucoma is a form of primary open angle glaucoma where the intraocular pressure remains within the normal range. In this case the main challenge is to establish the correct diagnosis. The clinical evaluation of a patient suspected of a normal tension glaucoma must answer two questions: 1) is the intraocular pressure normal and 2) is it a glaucomatous optic neuropathy or another type of optic neuropathy?

[Ginkgo biloba in glaucoma].

The two principal directions in the therapy of the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are lowering intraocular pressure medication and the surgical way. None of these two therapeutic modalities act on independent pressure risk-factors Thinking in this direction the neuro-protection concept should be in our minds all the time in the treatment of this disorder.

[Macula in glaucoma patients].

Recent studies show that early glaucoma changes consist in decrease of macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. When visual acuity and visual field are modified there are 50% ganglion cells loss in retina. Retinal evaluation becomes a new method in early detection of glaucoma.