106 results match your criteria: "Spider Envenomation Brown Recluse"
Subtranscriptome analysis of phospholipases D in Loxosceles venom glands: Confirmation of predominance, intra-species diversity, and description of novel isoforms.
Int J Biol Macromol
November 2024
Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:
Spiders of Loxosceles genus, or Brown spiders produce a potent venom with minimal volume and protein content. Among its toxins, phospholipases D (PLDs) are notable for causing primary local and systemic manifestations observed following envenomation. They degrade cellular phospholipids, mainly sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLoxosceles reclusa Envenomation Causing Acute Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report on Loxoscelism.
Cureus
July 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Ascension Health, Murfreesboro, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The case report aims to educate about the signs, assessment, diagnosis, and management of envenomation, specifically focusing on loxoscelism*.
- It presents a specific case of an adult who suffered from loxoscelism and ended up in the emergency department for care*.
- Additionally, the report seeks to contribute to existing literature by including bite wound images linked to loxoscelism that required hospital admission and treatment for acute hemolytic anemia*.
Fatal Viscerocutaneous Brown Recluse Envenomation With Orbital Compartment Syndrome.
Cureus
May 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, West Texas Regional Poison Center, El Paso, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Brown recluse spiders are a type of arachnid found in the U.S. that have venom causing serious health issues.
- Their venom can lead to severe skin damage and, in rare cases, systemic effects that may result in death within 24-48 hours.
- The text describes a specific case where a 44-year-old man experienced life-threatening complications from the spider's venom, necessitating emergency medical procedures.
Discovery of broadly-neutralizing antibodies against brown recluse spider and Gadim scorpion sphingomyelinases using consensus toxins as antigens.
Protein Sci
March 2024
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Article Synopsis
- - The text discusses a new high-throughput method for discovering broadly-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, which are crucial for treating infections and animal venom poisoning, using phage display technology and consensus antigens.
- - The approach was applied to create a consensus sphingomyelinase from venom sources like the recluse spider and Gadim scorpion, involving multiple rounds of selection and screening to find effective antibodies.
- - The results showed that this method produced two specific antibodies that bind and neutralize toxic activities from venom, proving it to be more effective than traditional methods for yielding cross-neutralizing antibodies.
A Brief Overview of the Toxic Sphingomyelinase Ds of Brown Recluse Spider Venom and Other Organisms and Simple Methods To Detect Production of Its Signature Cyclic Ceramide Phosphate.
Mol Pharmacol
February 2024
School of Biological Sciences and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
A special category of phospholipase D (PLD) in the venom of the brown recluse spider () and several other sicariid spiders accounts for the dermonecrosis and many of the other clinical symptoms of envenomation. Related proteins are produced by other organisms, including fungi and bacteria. These PLDs are often referred to as sphingomyelinase Ds (SMase Ds) because they cleave sphingomyelin (SM) to choline and "ceramide phosphate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuspected Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation: Missed Diagnosis and Delayed Treatment of Loxoscelism: A Case Report.
JBJS Case Connect
October 2022
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Case: We report the case of a previously healthy 51-year-old man who presented to our hospital after worsening clinical appearance of his left ring finger, despite antibiotics and previous surgical drainage for suspected abscess at an outside institution 3 weeks ago. He was admitted to our hospital for surgical debridement and decompression. After suspicion of cutaneous loxoscelism based on the clinical record and corticosteroid administration, the patient presented a favorable evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute necrotic arachnidism with necrotising fasciitis and recurrent pneumothorax.
BMJ Case Rep
November 2022
Paediatrics, Nitte(Deemed to be University), KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Article Synopsis
- A male infant developed swelling and fever, which quickly progressed to necrotizing fasciitis involving multiple body areas after a brown recluse spider was found in his cot.
- The infant experienced severe complications, including lung damage and required invasive ventilation along with multiple interventions like drainage for pneumothoraces.
- Unfortunately, despite aggressive treatment including antibiotics and corticosteroids, the infant succumbed to the effects of the spider venom, marking the first reported fatal case of its kind in India.
Brown recluse spider envenomation with systemic loxoscelism and delayed hemolysis: A case report.
Toxicon
January 2023
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The brown recluse spider is found in certain regions of the U.S. and can cause serious health issues through its venom.
- A 19-year-old male experienced three emergency visits and two hospitalizations due to delayed hemolysis that occurred six days after being bitten.
- His case emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring and follow-up care for patients affected by systemic loxoscelism, even after initial symptoms improve.
Acute Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Loxoscelism Treated With Plasmapheresis: A Case Report.
J Med Cases
May 2022
Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Brown recluse spider bites can cause serious health issues beyond skin damage, such as acute hemolytic anemia and potentially lethal complications.
- A 49-year-old male developed worsening symptoms like severe pain, dark urine, and acute kidney failure after a brown recluse bite, leading to a consultation for hemolytic anemia treatment.
- The case highlights the use of plasmapheresis as a treatment option, which successfully improved the patient's condition after two days of therapy.
Systemic loxoscelism induced warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia: clinical series and review.
Hematology
December 2022
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Brown recluse spider bites can lead to systemic loxoscelism, which in turn may cause warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), characterized by the body destroying its own red blood cells.
- Two case studies are reviewed, where healthy individuals developed symptomatic anemia after spider bites and were diagnosed with warm AIHA, leading to treatment with corticosteroids, IV fluids, and blood transfusions.
- The management of warm AIHA involves rapid hemodynamic support, confirmed diagnosis through the Coomb's test, and a corticosteroid regimen, with options for second-line treatments like rituximab and splenectomy in severe cases.
Verified envenomations by crevice weaver spiders (genus ): Bites are of minor expression but the spiders are commonly misidentified as medically important brown recluses (genus Loxosceles) in North America.
Toxicon X
March 2022
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses five confirmed spider bites from crevice weaver spiders found in southern North America, with three cases involving children.
- The symptoms from these bites were mild compared to the serious effects of bites from the more dangerous brown recluse spider, which is often misidentified.
- Misidentifying crevice weaver spiders as brown recluse could result in unnecessary and aggressive medical treatments, like inappropriate tissue removal.
Diethyl Azelate for the Treatment of Brown Recluse Spider Bite, a Neglected Orphan Indication.
In Vivo
January 2022
New Frontier Labs LLC, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.
Article Synopsis
- Brown recluse spider bites can lead to serious health issues due to the release of toxic compounds that cause tissue damage and hemolysis.
- Diethyl azelate (DEA), a substance that helps improve cell membrane fluidity and has immune-boosting effects, was tested as a potential treatment for these bites.
- The study showed that topical application of DEA effectively healed spider bite wounds in humans within two weeks and inhibited harmful effects of the venom in laboratory settings, suggesting its promise as a treatment.
Viscerocutaneous Loxoscelism Manifesting with Myocarditis: A Case Report.
Am J Case Rep
August 2021
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Envenomation from the brown recluse spider can lead to local and systemic symptoms, as seen in a case of a 16-year-old boy who developed severe loxoscelism and myocarditis following a spider bite.
- The boy initially presented with vague symptoms and pain, which progressed to a necrotic skin lesion and severe systemic issues, prompting ICU transfer for treatment.
- This case is the first of its kind to link myocarditis with loxoscelism, highlighting potential heart damage from the spider's toxin and emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnostic testing for such cases.
Antigenic and Substrate Preference Differences between Scorpion and Spider Dermonecrotic Toxins, a Comparative Investigation.
Toxins (Basel)
October 2020
Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR16IPT08, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
The scorpion and brown spider represent a public health problem in Asia and America, respectively. Although distinct, these organisms contain similar toxins responsible for the principal clinical signs of envenomation. To better understand the properties of these toxins, we designed a study to compare recombinant Heminecrolysin (rHNC) and rLiD1, the major phospholipase D toxins of scorpion and spider venom, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtypical systemic and dermatologic loxoscelism in a non-endemic region of the USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
March 2021
Virginia Poison Center, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The brown recluse spider (LR) is typically found in the south central U.S., and a case study highlights an unusual instance of envenomation in Virginia, showcasing atypical symptoms and prolonged systemic reactions.
- A 27-year-old male experienced a range of symptoms including fever, chills, and a distinctive rash after being bitten, requiring multiple Emergency Department visits for treatment and monitoring.
- The case underscores the need for healthcare professionals to recognize diverse clinical presentations of LR envenomations to provide effective care and intervention.
Arthropod Assault: A Case Report of Brown Recluse Envenomation in a Training Environment.
Mil Med
September 2020
San Antonio Uniformed Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., San Antonio, TX 78234, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Spider bites make up about 21% of noncanine bite-related emergencies in hospitals.
- Military personnel are at a higher risk for these types of injuries due to their unique working conditions.
- The case discussed involves a service member who, while in a challenging environment, sought treatment for a lesion that likely resulted from a brown recluse spider bite.
Cutaneous-hemolytic loxoscelism following brown recluse spider envenomation: new understandings.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
December 2020
Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Brown recluse spider envenomation can lead to serious complications like local skin damage and hemolysis, with 40.2% of studied patients experiencing hemolysis after being bitten.
- A study of 97 patients revealed that younger individuals (mostly under 18) were more prone to hemolysis, and specific symptoms like myalgia and malaise were strong indicators of this condition.
- Most patients with hemolysis required blood transfusions, and notable complications occurred mainly in those with severe anemia, highlighting the potential severity of brown recluse spider bites.
Heightened Immune Response to Presumed Loxosceles reclusa Envenomation.
Wilderness Environ Med
December 2019
Division of Emergency Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Toxicology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Article Synopsis
- * The patient showed severe symptoms like back pain, fever, and blood issues, including low hemoglobin and elevated liver enzymes, pointing towards a possible syndrome called hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).
- * This unique case is the first to report the combination of Coomb's positive hemolysis, cANCA vasculitis, and HLH-like symptoms linked to a spider bite, prompting further investigations into immune responses and genetic predispositions related to severe loxoscelism.
Loxoscelism: Cutaneous and Hematologic Manifestations.
Adv Hematol
March 2019
Department of Hematology and Oncology, West Cancer Clinic, 7945 Wolf River Blvd, Germantown, TN 38138, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Brown recluse spider bites can cause serious health issues, including severe local reactions and systemic illnesses like hemolytic anemia and sepsis, potentially leading to hospitalization or even death.
- A study reviewed nine patients with severe loxoscelism, revealing that most presented with symptoms such as fever, rash, and jaundice, and nearly half required intensive care due to complications like cellulitis and dermonecrosis.
- While glucocorticoids were used for hemolytic anemia, they did not significantly affect recovery time but did reduce the need for blood transfusions, with all patients fully recovering within two weeks.
Immunoprotection elicited in rabbit by a chimeric protein containing B-cell epitopes of Sphingomyelinases D from Loxosceles spp. spiders.
Vaccine
November 2018
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Biomimetics, Insituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Accidental bites from brown spiders in Brazil cause serious health issues, including severe skin damage and potential death, highlighting the need for effective antivenoms.
- - Current antivenom production relies heavily on animal testing, particularly using horse immunization after extracting venom directly from spiders.
- - The study introduces a new chimeric protein, Lil, designed to stimulate antibody production against brown spider venom, aiming to reduce animal testing by minimizing spider usage and prolonging the lifespan of horses in antivenom development.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation after brown recluse envenomation.
Clin Toxicol (Phila)
June 2017
c Pediatric Intensive Care, Saint Francis Health System, Division of Pediatric Critical Care , Tulsa , OK , USA.
Insecticidal activity of a recombinant knottin peptide from Loxosceles intermedia venom and recognition of these peptides as a conserved family in the genus.
Insect Mol Biol
February 2017
Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- Loxosceles intermedia venom is a complex mix of proteins that work together to paralyze prey, with knottin peptides being the most prevalent toxins found in the venom.
- A specific knottin peptide, U-sicaritoxin-Li1b, which has 53 amino acids, was created in a lab and was shown to cause irreversible paralysis in sheep blowflies.
- The research indicates that knottin peptides are a conserved toxin family across different Loxosceles species, hinting at potential uses in biotechnology for these venoms.
[Cutaneous loxoscelism, about an exceptional observation of 9 consecutive cases].
Ann Chir Plast Esthet
December 2016
Département de chirurgie plastique et reconstructrice, CHRU Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France; Centre de traitement des brûlés, CHRU Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France; Unité médico-chirurgicale de plaies et cicatrisation, CHRU Picardie, 34295 Amiens, France; Unité de chirurgie plastique et craniofaciale pédiatrique, CHRU Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Loxosceles rufescens spiders, found in southern France, were responsible for multiple cases of severe bites that led to significant skin necrosis during the summer of 2015.* -
- Out of nine patients studied, eight showed skin necrosis and five required surgical intervention, with symptoms including fever, fatigue, joint pain, and others; residual pain persisted in some.* -
- Diagnosis of loxoscelism is critical in areas where these spiders are common, particularly when experiencing rapidly worsening skin infections that don't respond to antibiotics.*
Description of Loxtox protein family and identification of a new group of Phospholipases D from Loxosceles similis venom gland.
Toxicon
September 2016
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Loxoscelism, the envenoming from Loxosceles spider bites, is a significant health issue in Brazil, particularly concerning the L. similis species, but the mechanisms behind its effects are not well understood.
- The researchers performed RNA sequencing on the venom glands of L. similis to identify key components, focusing on phospholipase D proteins, which are crucial for understanding the venom's composition.
- This study identified 23 phospholipase D sequences classified as Loxtox proteins and discovered three non-canonical variants, providing vital insights that could have applications in medicine and biotechnology.