Correlation of abnormal brain changes with perinatal factors in very preterm infants based on diffusion tensor imaging.

Background: It remains unclear whether very preterm (VP) infants have the same level of brain structure and function as full-term (FT) infants. In addition, the relationship between potential differences in brain white matter microstructure and network connectivity and specific perinatal factors has not been well characterized.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the existence of potential differences in brain white matter microstructure and network connectivity between VP and FT infants at term-equivalent age (TEA) and examine the potential association of these differences with perinatal factors.

National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2023 Guidelines on the Management of Hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease in Saudi Arabia with poor control rates. Updated guidelines are needed to guide the management of hypertension and improve treatment outcomes.

Methodology: A panel of experts representing the National Heart Center (NHC) and the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) reviewed existing evidence and formulated guidance relevant to the local population, clinical practice and the healthcare system.

Mammary Myofibroblastoma in a Male: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Mammary myofibroblastoma is a rare benign tumor. It is mainly seen in older men and postmenopausal women. These tumors can be presented with a palpable mass or can be discovered incidentally on routine screening.

Flares in autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the post-COVID-19 vaccination period-a cross-sequential study based on COVAD surveys.

Objective: Flares of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) following COVID-19 vaccination are a particular concern in vaccine-hesitant individuals. Therefore, we investigated the incidence, predictors and patterns of flares following vaccination in individuals living with AIRDs, using global COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) surveys.

Methods: The COVAD surveys were used to extract data on flare demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 history, and vaccination details for patients with AIRDs.

Intestinal complications in Brazilian patients with ulcerative colitis treated with conventional therapy between 2011 and 2020.

Background: This was an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study from 2011 to 2020 from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Healthcare System database.

Aim: To describe the intestinal complications (IC) of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who started conventional therapies in Brazil´s public Healthcare system.

Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years of age who had at least one claim related to UC 10 revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) code and at least 2 claims for conventional therapies were included.

Vaccine hesitancy decreases in rheumatic diseases, long-term concerns remain in myositis: a comparative analysis of the COVAD surveys.

Objective: COVID-19 vaccines have a favorable safety profile in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs); however, hesitancy continues to persist among these patients. Therefore, we studied the prevalence, predictors and reasons for hesitancy in patients with IIMs, other AIRDs, non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases (nrAIDs) and healthy controls (HCs), using data from the two international COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) e-surveys.

Methods: The first and second COVAD patient self-reported e-surveys were circulated from March to December 2021, and February to June 2022 (ongoing).

Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with or without palbociclib in low-risk patients: a phase III randomized double-blind SAFIA trial.

Background: The most prevalent subtype of breast cancer (BC) is luminal hormonal-positive breast cancer. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens have side effects, emphasizing the need to identify new startegies.

Objective: Analyze the complete pathologic response (pCR) rate and overall response in a low-risk hormone-positive subset of patients receiving neoadjuvant hormone treatment (NAHT) with or without Palbociclib (a CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor) to boost NAHT effectiveness.

Non-classical phenotypes of mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability in primary and metastatic tumors at different sites in Lynch syndrome.

Background: Lynch syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal DNA replication caused by germline variation in the mismatch repair (MMR) gene. There are rare non-classical phenotypes with loss of MMR protein expression and inconsistent microsatellite stability (MSS) in Lynch syndrome-related colorectal cancers. However, the difference between microsatellite instability (MSI) of extraintestinal tumors in a patient with Lynch syndrome has been closely studied.

Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Presenting With Fever After Coronary Angiography: A Case Report.

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication that occurs after exposure to contrast media, and it usually manifests with transient neurological deficits that include cortical blindness, altered mental status, and paralysis. It is self-limited, and symptoms usually resolve within 48-72 hours. It requires a high index of suspicion and must be taken into consideration in every patient developing a neurological manifestation after the administration of radiocontrast media.

Changes in Pharyngeal Airway Space and Oxygen Saturation Following Mandibular Setback Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Orthognathic surgery can alter the dental, skeletal, soft tissue, and dimensional changes in the oropharyngeal region. Studies have shown a posterior positioning of the hyoid bone and tongue position after mandibular setback surgery, this in turn can have a negative influence on the upper airway space that could lead to breathing problems such as obstructive sleep apnea. Mandibular setback surgery is commonly used for functional and aesthetic correction in mandibular prognathism patients.

Recommendations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Saudi Arabia: adolopment of the 2021 American College of Rheumatology guidelines.

Background: The 2021 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) guideline considers the specific context of the United States which differs from that of Saudi Arabia in many aspects that may impact recommendations. The objective of this project was to adapt a set of prioritized recommendations from the 2021 ACR guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis RA for the context of Saudi Arabia, by the Saudi Society for Rheumatology (SSR).

Methods: The process followed the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology, and the reporting adhered to the RIGHT-Ad@pt checklist.

Approach for Mandibular Reconstruction Using Vascularized Free Fibula Flap: A Review of the Literature.

Mandible reconstruction is one of the major challenges that face any maxillofacial surgeon worldwide. Different approaches and methods are used for mandible reconstruction, including pedicle flaps, titanium reconstruction plates, and bone grafts. A free fibular flap is used commonly and is considered the gold standard in mandibular reconstruction with a good success rate.

Overprescription of short-acting β -agonists among patients with asthma in Saudi Arabia: Results from the SABINA III cohort study.

Despite near-universal health care and timely updates to treatment guidelines in Saudi Arabia, asthma control remains suboptimal, warranting deeper exploration of its management practices. This study describes asthma characteristics and prescription patterns of short-acting β -agonists (SABAs) in the Saudi Arabia cohort of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study. Patients with asthma (aged ≥12 years) from seven sites across Saudi Arabia participated in this cross-sectional study.

Acetaminophen alleviates ferroptosis in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy via the GPX4 pathway.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment caused by sepsis, associated with increased morbidity and death. And acetaminophen (APAP) is a promising therapeutic medicine for SAE treatment. This research was designed to determine whether APAP alleviates SAE by attenuating ferroptosis and mediating the glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) pathway.

How to optimize recruitment strategies of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases for online surveys: experience from an international study.

The use of online surveys as a recruitment tool for clinical research has recently expanded; nevertheless, optimal recruitment strategies remain poorly identified. Objectives. The study aimed to identify the most effective recruitment strategies for online research studies and to determine the optimal survey channels for obtaining patients' responses.

A retrospective cohort report of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomies in Saudi Arabia: Postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Introduction: Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become more popular recently. Because it yields shorter hospitalization, less postoperative pain, and better cosmetic outcomes. As it minimizes the number of incisions, it causes less trauma to the anterior abdominal wall and this decreases the operative mortality and morbidity.

Fistula between the rectal stump and left iliac artery.

Background: Isolated iliac artery aneurysms are rare and difficult to diagnose. It is more common in males. It can be asymptomatic at diagnosis or can present with frank rupture, or symptoms caused by compression on nearby organs.

Prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey.

Objective: We investigated prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration, defined as lasting 28 days or longer, among people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods: We analysed data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey (2 April 2021-15 October 2021) to identify people with SARDs reporting test-confirmed COVID-19. Participants reported COVID-19 severity and symptom duration, sociodemographics and clinical characteristics.

Reversal of primary obesity surgery endolumenal following postoperative complications: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Although bariatric surgeries are an increasingly popular option to achieve significant weight loss in patients who fail to do so via conservative measures, these procedures are invasive and carry a risk of complications, many of which are serious and potentially fatal. In this context, endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT) such as primary obesity surgery endolumenal (POSE) have been proposed as a new minimally invasive weight loss procedure to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. However, these procedures are in their early stages, with only a few cases reported in literature.

From Symptoms to Diagnosis: An Observational Study of the Journey of SLE Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Early diagnosis and treatment is associated with improved outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Studying the journey of SLE patients in Saudi Arabia is essential to direct future health-care plans.

Patients And Methods: This is a cross-sectional, multicenter study.

Women in Rheumatology in the Arab League of Associations for Rheumatology Countries: A Rising Workforce.

Background: An increase in women physicians in the medical workforce is witnessed in recent decades, paralleled by an increase in leadership positions and, to a lesser extent, in academic advancement.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the women rheumatologists (WR) workforce and to identify the challenges faced by WR in the Arab League of Associations for Rheumatology (ArLAR) countries.

Methods: We collected data from members of special interest groups from 16 ArLAR countries about the number of rheumatologists in the national societies and boards - including WR -, and the estimated percentage of WR involved in academia.

Initiating or Switching to Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World, Prospective, Non-interventional Study Across Six Countries.

Introduction: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a fixed-ratio co-formulation of insulin degludec (a basal insulin) and insulin aspart (a prandial insulin). The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after initiating IDegAsp treatment in a real-world setting.

Methods: This 26-week, open-label, non-interventional study was conducted in Australia, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa.