Prevalence of long-term opioid therapy in spine center outpatients the spinal pain opioid cohort (SPOC).

Purpose: No reference material exists on the scope of long-term problems in novel spinal pain opioid users. In this study, we evaluate the prevalence and long-term use of prescribed opioids in patients of the Spinal Pain Opioid Cohort.

Methods: The setting was an outpatient healthcare entity (Spine Center).

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise for chronic whiplash with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial.

Many people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have also symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but this is rarely considered in usual predominantly exercise-based interventions. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combined trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) and exercise compared with supportive therapy (ST) and exercise for people with chronic WAD and PTSD. A randomised controlled multicentre trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and blinded analysis was conducted.

Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Spine Center Outpatients: Protocol for the Spinal Pain Opioid Cohort (SPOC) Study.

Background: Spinal pain is the leading cause of patient-years lived with chronic pain and disability worldwide. Although opioids are well documented as an effective short-term pain-relieving medication, more than a few weeks of treatment may result in a diminishing clinical effect as well as the development of addictive behavior. Despite recognition of opioid addiction in pain patients as a major problem commonly experienced in the clinic, no reference material exists on the scope of long-term problems in novel opioid users and the link to clinical outcomes.

Experiences with and perspectives on goal setting in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Study Design: Systematic review of qualitative studies.

Objective: To synthesise qualitative research exploring the experiences and perspectives of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), relatives and health professionals concerning goal setting in SCI rehabilitation.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched.

There's Nothing Broken. You've Had a Whiplash, That's It: A Qualitative Study of Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Whiplash Associated Disorders.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common in chronic Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and have been found to be associated with higher levels of pain and disability. Theoretical frameworks have suggested that PTSD and pain not only coexist, but also mutually maintain one another. Although the comorbidity has been subject to increasing quantitative research, patients' experiences of the comorbidity and symptom interaction remain largely uninvestigated using qualitative methods.

The associations of acceptance with quality of life and mental health following spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize research findings on the associations between acceptance, quality of life (QOL), and mental health outcomes in individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched.

Should rehabilitation goals reflect all aspects of functioning in relation to a biopsychosocial ICF perspective?

Purpose: To classify short-term and long-term rehabilitation goals and analyse how they capture functioning in a biopsychosocial International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) perspective.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at two specialised outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation centres for polio survivors and accident victims. Rehabilitation goals extracted from patient journals were linked to the ICF according to linking rules.

Interrater reliability of the standardized Timed Up and Go Test when used in hospitalized and community-dwelling older individuals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability and measurement error of the standardized Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test manual using the fastest of the three timed TUG trials in hospitalized and community-dwelling older individuals.

Methods: Thirty participants (19 from a hospital and 11 from an outpatient geriatric centre: 20 women, 10 men), 65 years or older, all of whom had been referred to physiotherapy due to a functional decline, were included. All participants performed the TUG Test across two sessions (three trials in each) on the same day, separated by a minimum of 30 min.

Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms after whiplash: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are highly prevalent after whiplash and associated with pain-related symptoms. While mutual maintenance between pain and PTSD has been suggested, knowledge on individual differences in the course of these symptoms is needed. The present study aimed to identify trajectories of PTSD symptoms following whiplash and test predictors and functional outcomes of such trajectories.

Do post-traumatic pain and post-traumatic stress symptomatology mutually maintain each other? A systematic review of cross-lagged studies.

After traumatic exposure, individuals are at risk of developing symptoms of both pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Theory and research suggest a complex and potentially mutually maintaining relationship between these symptomatologies. However, findings are inconsistent and the applied methods are not always well suited for testing mutual maintenance.

The impact of attachment insecurity on pain and pain behaviors in experimental pain.

Objectives: Pain perception and pain behaviors are distinct phenomena with different functions. Pain behaviors are protective in their functions, which include eliciting empathy or caring behaviors from others. Moreover, pain behaviors are intertwined with interpersonal relationships with significant others, which is why attachment orientations have been suggested as interpersonal schemas moderating the association between pain and pain behaviors.

The role of posttraumatic stress symptoms on chronic pain outcomes in chronic pain patients referred to rehabilitation.

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are highly prevalent in chronic pain patients and may affect pain symptomatology negatively, but there is still a great need to explore exactly how this occurs. Therefore, this study investigated differences in pain intensity, pain-related disability, and psychological distress between chronic pain patients not exposed to a trauma, patients exposed to a trauma with no PTSS, and patients exposed to a trauma with PTSS. Moreover, the moderating effects of PTSS on the associations between pain intensity and pain-related disability and psychological distress were investigated.

Post-traumatic stress symptom clusters in acute whiplash associated disorder and their prediction of chronic pain-related disability.

Introduction: The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been found to be associated with an increased risk of persisting neck pain and disability in motor vehicle crash (MVC) survivors with whiplash injuries. The findings are mixed as to which PTSD symptom(s) best predicts recovery in this population.

Objectives: The aims were (1) to explore the factor structure of the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) in a sample of acute whiplash-injured individuals following a MVC and (2) to identify the PTSD-symptom clusters that best predict long-term neck pain-related disability in this population as measured by the Neck Pain Disability Index (NDI).

Reciprocal associations of pain and post-traumatic stress symptoms after whiplash injury: A longitudinal, cross-lagged study.

Background: The objectives of the current study were to investigate (1) the longitudinal, reciprocal associations between pain and post-traumatic stress symptoms as proposed by the mutual maintenance model, and (2)  to assess the predictive value of the three clusters of post-traumatic stress, where the model revealed that post-traumatic stress symptoms maintained pain in a consecutive cohort of whiplash-injured.

Methods: Participants (n = 253; 66.4% women) were people with WAD grades I-III following motor vehicle crashes in Australia.

Pain-Related Acceptance as a Mediator in the Fear Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: The fear avoidance model has served as a popular, heuristic model in explaining the transition from acute to chronic pain. In addition, the significance of pain-related acceptance in chronic pain development and adjustment is underlined in a vast number of empirical studies. The objective of the current preliminary study was to investigate pain-related acceptance as a mediator within the key cognitive relationships proposed by the fear avoidance model of chronic pain.

Morbidity and mortality following poliomyelitis - a lifelong follow-up.

Background And Purpose: In the world today 10-20 million people are still living with late effects of poliomyelitis (PM), but the long-term consequences of the disease are not well known. The aim of this study was to describe lifelong morbidity and mortality among Danes who survived PM.

Methods: Data from official registers for a cohort of 3606 Danes hospitalized for PM in the period 1940-1954 were compared with 13 762 age- and gender-matched controls.