An Integrated Pathophysiological and Clinical Perspective of the Synergistic Effects of Obesity, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.

This review paper explores the synergistic effects of obesity, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia on cardiovascular health by integrating pathophysiological and clinical perspectives. Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat, HTN, defined by elevated blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia, indicated by high blood lipid levels, are globally prevalent conditions that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The interplay between these conditions exacerbates cardiovascular risk through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and atherogenesis.

Confounding Factors in the Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Retained Gastric Contents in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) has gained acceptance in managing diabetic and non-diabetic patients, thanks to its benefits in treating obesity and improving cardiovascular outcomes. The potential ability of GLP-1 RA to cause retained gastric contents (RGC) which can lead to aspiration has led to the recommendation to withhold GLP-1 RA for at least one week prior to elective surgeries and procedures, including upper endoscopies and colonoscopies. However, many co-medications and conditions associated can contribute to delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and these need to be controlled to establish a clear association and incidence, which has been largely missing in most studies and reports.

A Rare Presentation of Epiploic Appendagitis as Chest Pain: A Case Report.

Epiploic appendagitis (EA) is an ischemic infarction of an epiploic appendage due to torsion or spontaneous thrombosis of the central vein of an epiploic appendage. It is a rare but benign and self-limiting cause of abdominal pain that is often misdiagnosed. The typical presentation of EA is lower abdominal pain, but pain can also occur in other parts of the abdomen.

Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Narrative Review.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) involves the abnormal deposition and accumulation of amyloid proteins in the heart muscle. A hallmark of disease progression is declining heart function, which can lead to structural irregularities, arrhythmias, and ultimately heart failure. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that presents in CA patients, and this arrhythmia is significant because it can moderately increase the risk of patients developing intracardiac thrombi, thereby putting them at risk for thromboembolic events.

Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review.

Background: Arboviruses are RNA viruses and some have the potential to cause neuroinvasive disease and are a growing threat to global health.

Objectives: Our objective is to identify and map all aspects of arbovirus neuroinvasive disease, clarify key concepts, and identify gaps within our knowledge with appropriate future directions related to the improvement of global health.

Methods: : A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Hinari.

Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review.

Commonly recommended drugs for adults and children include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), proven effective for treating peptic diseases like stomach ulcers, GERD, and Helicobacter pylori infections in children over 1-year-old. Yet, prolonged PPI use carries higher risks of adverse reactions, prompting this study's analysis. We have performed a systematic review of 30 articles, which include a total of 762 505 pediatric patients.

A comprehensive review of the intersection between asthma and depression.

Objective: To emphasize the necessity for increased research in this field, incorporating depression into the preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations for asthma. Additionally, we seek to highlight upcoming advancements that can be applied to simultaneously address these comorbidities, ultimately improving the overall well-being and quality of life for individuals coping with these conditions.

Methods: A rigorous search in PubMed using the MeSH terms "asthma" and "depression" was performed, and papers were screened by the authors in view of their eligibility to contribute to the study.

Post-Radiotherapy Complications in Ewing Sarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES), the second most prevalent malignant osseous tumor in children and adolescents, primarily affects the extremities' long bones and pelvic region. Characterized by its aggressive growth, ES often presents with symptoms like swelling, pain, and neurological deficits, impacting various skeletal sites. ES involving the spine, particularly the sacral region, poses a significant challenge due to its rarity, aggressive nature, and limited sensitivity to treatments.

The Management of Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review of Current Practices and Future Directions.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease in pregnancy that is characterized by new-onset hypertension end-organ dysfunction, often occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include a prior history of PE, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity, and high maternal age at pregnancy. Current treatment and management guidelines focus on the management of high blood pressure and any potential complications.

A classic case of scrofula-cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a common infection in developing countries and is caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium TB. TB remains to be one of the most important health threats. TB can have varied clinical presentations; Pulmonary TB affects the lungs and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) can affect any part of the body.

Trends and Immediate Outcomes of Syncope During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.

Pregnancy-related syncope presents special difficulties due to the rapid physiological changes that occur throughout gestation. This narrative review provides a thorough summary of the patterns and pregnancy outcomes secondary to syncope during pregnancy. There is an increase in syncope burden during pregnancy, and hence it is critical that medical professionals understand the significance of syncope during pregnancy.

Comparative Analysis of TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) and Surgical Valve Replacement for Low-Risk Patients.

"Aortic stenosis" (AS) refers to a cardiac condition in which the aortic valve narrows, creating an obstruction that hinders the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. This contraction of the arteries influences normal blood circulation, leading to elevated pressure within the left ventricle and potentially culminating in heart failure. The management of AS typically involves two primary treatments, i.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Objectives Cholelithiasis poses a considerable medical burden worldwide. While its pathogenesis is multifactorial, identifying the key risk factors is essential for understanding the disease and improving patient care. This study aims to investigate the potential associations between demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables and the development of cholelithiasis.

Exploring Cardiovascular Manifestations in Vasculitides: An In-Depth Review.

Systemic vasculitides encompass a cluster of autoimmune diseases that affect blood vessels, and are characterized by immune-mediated injury to either small- or large-sized blood vessels. Individuals afflicted with systemic vasculitides experience notable morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular manifestations. Noteworthy among these are ischemic heart disease, venous thromboembolism, aortic involvement, valvular irregularities, myocarditis, and pericarditis.

Inflammatory Bowel Sugar Disease: A Pause From New Pharmacological Agents and an Embrace of Natural Therapy.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases that target the gastrointestinal tract and other distant organs. The incidence of IBDs has been rising and is more prevailing in Western communities. The etiology has been vague, but different theories include environmental factors that elicit an uncontrolled immune response, which damages internal organs.

Intussusception in an elderly female and its management: A case report and literature review.

Intussusception is the telescoping or invagination of the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent section. It is rare in adults, accounting for 1% of adult bowel obstruction. Adult presentation of intussusception is variable, with nonspecific, vague symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and rectal bleeding.

An In-Depth Prospective Comprehensive View on Myocardial Infarction (MI) in Young Adults.

Due to major advancements in myocardial infarction (MI) prevention and effective medical treatment, the death rate and incidence of MI have dropped considerably. We know that their risk factors and prognosis may differ; therefore, increasing primary and secondary prevention activities among young people is crucial. Multiple studies have found that MI is the deadliest form of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Exploring the Prevalence and Factors Influencing Clinical Trial Awareness in US Adults with Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety.

Objective: Lack of clinical trial awareness is a crucial barrier to clinical trial enrollment. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with clinical trial awareness among US adults with self-reported depression and anxiety.

Methods: Data were collected from 896 adults who self-reported depression and anxiety from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey.

Stealth invaders: unraveling the mystery of neurotropic viruses and their elusive presence in cerebrospinal fluid - a comprehensive review.

Neurotropic viruses are a threat to human populations due to ongoing zoonosis. A wide array of neurological manifestations can occur most often including parkinsonism, encephalitis/encephalopathy, flaccid myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neuroinvasion occurs through: transneural transmission, blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and 'trojan horse' mechanism or infected immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS).