Selection of GABA-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains by Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Novel B and C Multispecies Primers for the Development of New Functional Foods.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been attributed to health-promoting properties and has received attention from the food industry as an attractive bioactive compound for the development of functional foods. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce GABA through a glutamate decarboxylase encoded by B and a glutamate/GABA antiporter encoded by C. In this study, we develop a molecular screening method based on a polymerase chain reaction able to detect those genes in different LAB species through the use of novel multispecies primers.

Bovine serum albumin inclusion in the thawing extender improves boar sperm membrane and acrosomal integrity.

This study investigates the impact of bovine serum albumin (BSA) inclusion in the thawing extender on boar sperm quality. Thawing protocols in sperm cryopreservation are vital, yet underexplored. It has been determined that BSA can interact with membranes, stabilizing them and preventing damage during the freezing process, for this reason it could also have a beneficial effect during thawing.

Effect of the addition of exogenous progesterone and the progesterone receptor inhibitor (RU 486) on boar cryopreservation semen extenders.

Cryopreservation of porcine spermatozoa is detrimental due to their high sensitivity to cold shock, leading to changes akin to capacitation, known as cryocapacitation. These changes, including the acrosomal reaction, hypermotility induction, and protein phosphorylation, might be influenced by the presence of progesterone in seminal plasma and egg yolk, used in most freezing extenders. We tested the effect of various progesterone concentrations added to the freezing extenders (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL).

Evaluation of Different Thawing Protocols on Iberian Boar Sperm Preserved for 10 Years at Different Liquid Nitrogen Levels.

The conservation of genetic resources in pig breeds, notably the Iberian pig, is crucial for genetic improvement and sustainable production. Prolonged storage in liquid nitrogen (LN) is recognized for preserving genetic diversity, but potential adverse effects on seminal quality remain debated. This study aims to assess the impact of ten years of storage at different LN levels and to optimize thawing protocols for Iberian pig sperm.

Exploring the Effects of Robertsonian Translocation 1/29 (Rob (1;29)) on Genetic Diversity in Minor Breeds of Spanish Berrenda Cattle via Genome-Wide Analysis.

Most of the previous studies on the genetic variability in Spanish "Berrenda" breeds have been carried out using DNA microsatellites. The present work aimed to estimate the genetic diversity, population structure, and potential genetic differences among individuals of both Berrenda breeds and groups based on the presence of the Robertsonian chromosomal translocation, rob (1;29). A total of 373 samples from animals belonging to the two breeds, including 169 cases diagnosed as rob (1;29)-positive, were genotyped using an SNP50K chip.

MicroRNA expression in specific segments of the pig periovulatory internal genital tract is differentially regulated by semen or by seminal plasma.

microRNAs play pivotal roles during mammalian reproduction, including the cross-talk between gametes, embryos and the maternal genital tract. Mating induces changes in the expression of mRNA transcripts in the female, but whether miRNAs are involved remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we mapped 181 miRNAs in the porcine peri-ovulatory female reproductive tract: Cervix (Cvx), distal and proximal uterus (Dist-Ut, Prox-Ut), Utero-tubal-junction (UTJ), isthmus (Isth), ampulla (Amp), and infundibulum (Inf) when exposed to semen (natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI-P1)) or to infusions of sperm-free seminal plasma (SP): the first 10 mL of the sperm rich fraction (SP-P1) or the entire ejaculate (SP-E).

Bicarbonate and BSA increase the capacitation pattern and acrosomal exocytosis in boar sperm after 120 min of incubation.

Sperm capacitation is a crucial step towards the acquisition of fertilizing capacity. Despite the attempts to mimic the in vivo situation, there is still a lack of standardization in vitro techniques. Bicarbonate and serum albumin (BSA) are routinely used, although controversial results are reported regarding the optimal concentration of each compound.

Tracking nanoplastics in freshwater microcosms and their impacts to aquatic organisms.

In this work, we used palladium-doped polystyrene NPLs (PS-NPLs with a primary size of 286 ± 4 nm) with an irregular surface morphology which allowed for particle tracking and evaluation of their toxicity on two primary producers (cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC7120 and green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and one primary consumer (crustacean, Daphnia magna). the concentration range for Anabaena and C.

Expression of Aquaglyceroporins in Spermatozoa from Wild Ruminants Is Influenced by Photoperiod and Thyroxine Concentrations.

This work identified the presence of AQPs in frozen-thawed sperm of wild ruminants and assessed the influence of the interaction between photoperiod and thyroxine on AQP expression, and on testosterone secretion. Thyroxine and melatonin were administered to ibexes. In a second experiment, performed in mouflons, circulating thyroxine was reduced via treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU), and an artificial long day (LD) photoperiod established.