Airway allergy causes alveolar macrophage death, profound alveolar disorganization and surfactant dysfunction.

Respiratory disorders caused by allergy have been associated to bronchiolar inflammation leading to life-threatening airway narrowing. However, whether airway allergy causes alveolar dysfunction contributing to the pathology of allergic asthma remains unaddressed. To explore whether airway allergy causes alveolar dysfunction that might contribute to the pathology of allergic asthma, alveolar structural and functional alterations were analyzed during house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway allergy in mice, by flow cytometry, light and electron microscopy, monocyte transfer experiments, assessment of intra-alveolarly-located cells, analysis of alveolar macrophage regeneration in : chimeras, analysis of surfactant-associated proteins, and study of lung surfactant biophysical properties by captive bubble surfactometry.

Short- and Long-Term Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Disease-Modifying Therapies.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate short- and long-term humoral and T-cell-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).

Methods: Single-center observational longitudinal study including 102 patients with MS who consecutively received vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Serum samples were collected at baseline and after receiving the second dose of the vaccine.

Association of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels at Disease Onset With Disability Worsening in Patients With a First Demyelinating Multiple Sclerosis Event Not Treated With High-Efficacy Drugs.

Importance: The value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels for predicting long-term disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains controversial.

Objective: To assess whether high sNfL values are associated with disability worsening in patients who underwent their first demyelinating MS event.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent their first demyelinating event suggestive of MS at Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (development cohort; June 1, 1994, to September 31, 2021, with follow-up until August 31, 2022) and 8 Spanish hospitals (validation cohort; October 1, 1995, to August 4, 2020, with follow-up until August 16, 2022).

Effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention in the management of risky alcohol use in primary care: ALCO-AP20 study protocol.

Background: Motivational interviewing (MI) could be a method for minimizing alcohol-related harm. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of a brief intervention, based on a MI, in patients with risky alcohol use attended in Primary Care (PC).

Materials And Methods: A cluster-randomized, two-arm parallel, multicenter, open-label, controlled clinical trial.

Surgical correction of corneal opacity and aniridia with penetrating keratoplasty and a new iris prosthesis implant.

Purpose: This study is to describe the clinical outcome of penetrating keratoplasty combined with implantation of a novel intraocular lens with an artificial iris, aided by continuous vitreous chamber infusion, in patients with severe aniridia and corneal alterations.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center case series study involving five patients with corneal alterations and aniridia. All subjects underwent simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty and implantation of a new intraocular lens with an artificial iris with the assistance of infusion into the vitreous chamber to regulate intraocular pressure during the surgical procedure.

Mitochondrial Impairments in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Although impaired mitochondrial function has been proposed as a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, few studies focus on the mitochondria of immune cells. We aimed to compare the mitochondrial function of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patients with (M+) and without (M-) lipid-specific oligoclonal immunoglobulin M bands (LS-OCMB), and healthydonors (HD). We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study with 19 untreated MS patients (M+ = 9 and M- = 10) and 17 HDs.

Comparison of wound architecture in implantable collamer lens surgery: Self-sealing single-plane opposite clear corneal incision versus main surgical incision.

Purpose: Incision architecture can play an important role in corneal astigmatism management through peripheral corneal relaxing incisions. The aim of this study was to compare the incision architecture of single-plane opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCIs) and main surgical incisions (MSIs) in patients undergoing implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional tomographic analysis of MSI and OCCI architectures was performed 6 months after ICL surgery.

Comparison of 3-month visual outcomes of a new multifocal intraocular lens vs a trifocal intraocular lens.

Purpose: To compare the clinical performance of the TECNIS Synergy multifocal (model ZFR00V) intraocular lens (IOL) with that of the AcrySof PanOptix Trifocal (model TFNT00) IOL in patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery.

Setting: Multicenter clinical setting.

Design: Prospective randomized comparative study.

A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating olipudase alfa enzyme replacement therapy for chronic acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) in adults: One-year results.

Purpose: This trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of olipudase alfa enzyme replacement therapy for non-central nervous system manifestations of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) in adults.

Methods: A phase 2/3, 52 week, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ASCEND; NCT02004691/EudraCT 2015-000371-26) enrolled 36 adults with ASMD randomized 1:1 to receive olipudase alfa or placebo intravenously every 2 weeks with intrapatient dose escalation to 3 mg/kg. Primary efficacy endpoints were percent change from baseline to week 52 in percent predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide and spleen volume (combined with splenomegaly-related score in the United States).

Genomic Multiple Sclerosis Risk Variants Modulate the Expression of the - Gene Region in Immature Dendritic Cells.

Intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene are associated with the risk for multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The risk alleles have been linked to higher expression levels of and the neighboring (gp130) gene in CD4 T lymphocytes of healthy controls. The biological function of ANKRD55, its role in the immune system, and cellular sources of expression other than lymphocytes remain uncharacterized.

Anti-Human Herpesvirus 6 A/B Antibodies Titers Correlate With Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Retrovirus Envelope Expression.

Human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope proteins (pHERV-W ENV/syncytin-1) have been repeatedly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we have focused on the study of pHERV-W ENV/syncytin-1 expression levels in MS patients (relapsing and progressive forms) and in healthy donors (HD) and on exploring their possible relationship with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus-6A/B (HHV-6A/B). We included blood samples from 101 MS patients and 37 HD to analyze antiviral antibody titers by ELISA and pHERV-W ENV/syncytin-1 expression levels by flow cytometry as well as by qPCR.

Resident macrophage-dependent immune cell scaffolds drive anti-bacterial defense in the peritoneal cavity.

Peritoneal immune cells reside unanchored within the peritoneal fluid in homeostasis. Here, we examined the mechanisms that control bacterial infection in the peritoneum using a mouse model of abdominal sepsis following intraperitoneal Escherichia coli infection. Whole-mount immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of the peritoneal wall and omentum revealed that large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) rapidly cleared bacteria and adhered to the mesothelium, forming multilayered cellular aggregates composed by sequentially recruited LPMs, B1 cells, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived cells (moCs).

Role of B Cell Profile for Predicting Secondary Autoimmunity in Patients Treated With Alemtuzumab.

Objective: To explore if baseline blood lymphocyte profile could identify relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients at higher risk of developing secondary autoimmune adverse events (AIAEs) after alemtuzumab treatment.

Methods: Multicenter prospective study including 57 RRMS patients treated with alemtuzumab followed for 3.25 [3.

Nomogram for single-pass automated microkeratome graft preparation for ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To create a nomogram including the translational speed of the microkeratome blade, microkeratome head size and precut tissue thickness to predict the postcut thickness for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty to obtain the thinnest possible graft.

Methods: This prospective study incorporated 48 grafts for DSAEK from March 2017 to June 2020. Corneal tissue for DSAEK was prepared by 3 experienced physicians using the Moria Evolution 3E (Moria Inc, Antony, France) microkeratome with 400, 450 and 500 μm head sizes.

Aberrometric, Keratometric, and Visual Outcomes After Trans-Epithelial Topography-Guided Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for the Treatment of Irregular Corneas.

Purpose: To assess the safety, aberrometric and keratometric changes, and stability of trans-epithelial topography-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (TE-TG-PTK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series including 57 eyes that underwent TE-TG-PTK + MMC using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. CDVA, manifest refraction (MR), keratometry readings, and aberrometry readings were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Identification of the Immunological Changes Appearing in the CSF During the Early Immunosenescence Process Occurring in Multiple Sclerosis.

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer with age an early immunosenescence process, which influence the treatment response and increase the risk of infections. We explored whether lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) associated with highly inflammatory MS modify the immunological profile induced by age in MS. This cross-sectional study included 263 MS patients who were classified according to the presence (M+, n=72) and absence (M-, n=191) of LS-OCMB.

Predicting Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis With Intrathecal IgM Synthesis Among Patients With a Clinically Isolated Syndrome.

Objective: To determine the best method to measure intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) M synthesis (ITMS), a biomarker of worse prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the ability for predicting a poor evolution of 4 methods assessing ITMS (IgM oligoclonal bands [OCMBs], lipid-specific OCMBs [LS-OCMBs], Reibergram, and IgM index) in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Methods: Prospective study with consecutive patients performed at a referral MS center.

Low serum neurofilament light chain values identify optimal responders to dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis treatment.

Serum neurofilament light chains (sNfL) are biomarkers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their value to predict response to treatment, and their association with patient immunological profile, need to be further explored. We studied 80 relapsing-remitting MS patients initiating dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment. sNfL levels were explored at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months by single molecule array.

Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in COVID-19: correlation of the autopsy findings of bone marrow haemophagocytosis with HScore.

Background: Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is characterised by a hyper activation of immune system that leads to multiorgan failure. It is suggested that excessive immune response in patients with COVID-19 could mimic this syndrome. Some COVID-19 autopsy studies have revealed the presence of haemophagocytosis images in bone marrow, raising the possibility, along with HScore parameters, of sHLH.

Astigmatism correction with toric implantable collamer lens in low and high astigmatism groups.

Purpose: To analyze the target induced astigmatism (TIA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), difference vector (DV), and correction index (CI) in the correction of astigmatism with phakic lenses, and its influence on visual acuity, and to analyze the safety and efficacy indexes of the correction of high and low power astigmatism with toric phakic lenses.

Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Methods: The medical records of patients that were operated on at the research center during the period were analyzed.

Herpesvirus Antibodies, Vitamin D and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Their Correlation with Cell Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls.

Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, it is commonly accepted that environmental factors could contribute to the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6A/B and cytomegalovirus, and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the three main short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), propionate (PA), butyrate (BA) and acetate (AA), in MS patients and healthy controls (HC) to understand how they could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. With this purpose, we analyzed the correlations among them and with different clinical variables and a wide panel of cell subsets.

Development and validation of a sequential two-step algorithm for the screening of individuals with potential polycythaemia vera.

In 2016, the WHO included haemoglobin values within normal ranges as a diagnostic criterion for Polycythaemia Vera (PV). Since then, concerns have arisen that a large number of patients are undergoing unnecessary screening for PV. To address this issue, we estimated the prevalence of JAK2 p.

Effect of Ocrelizumab in Blood Leukocytes of Patients With Primary Progressive MS.

Objective: To analyze the changes induced by ocrelizumab in blood immune cells of patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS).

Methods: In this multicenter prospective study including 53 patients with PPMS who initiated ocrelizumab treatment, we determined effector, memory, and regulatory cells by flow cytometry at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. Wilcoxon matched paired tests were used to assess differences between baseline and 6 months' results.