-Halogenation and -Alkoxylation of Phenylglycine Derivatives by Pd-Mediated C-H Functionalization: Scope and Limitations.

Orthopalladated derivatives from substituted phenylglycines [Pd(μ-Cl)(CHRC(R)(R)N(R)] () react with halogenating reagents (PhICl, Br, I) () to give the corresponding o-halogenated amino acids CH(X)RC(R)(R)N(R) (). The reaction is general and tolerates a variety of functional groups (R to R) at the aryl ring, the Cα, and the N atom. On the other hand, the reaction of [Pd(μ-Cl)(CHRC(R)(R)N(R)] () with PhI(OAc) in the presence of a variety of alcohols ROH () gives the o-alkoxylated phenylglycines CH(OR)RC(R)(R)N(R) (), also as a general process.

Deep Learning Approaches for the Prediction of Protein Functional Sites.

Knowing which residues of a protein are important for its function is of paramount importance for understanding the molecular basis of this function and devising ways of modifying it for medical or biotechnological applications. Due to the difficulty in detecting these residues experimentally, prediction methods are essential to cope with the sequence deluge that is filling databases with uncharacterized protein sequences. Deep learning approaches are especially well suited for this task due to the large amounts of protein sequences for training them, the trivial codification of this sequence data to feed into these systems, and the intrinsic sequential nature of the data that makes them suitable for language models.

Recovery of Polysaccharides from Red Grape Marc and White Grape Pomace by Degradation of Cell Walls by Enzymes with Different Activities.

The recovery of polysaccharides (PS) from red grape marc and white grape pomace by enzymatic degradation of their cell walls is an interesting green extraction technique that preserves the structure and bioactivity of PS. The type and dose of enzyme, and the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio in PS extraction were studied using four commercial enzymes. Four different doses per enzyme were used, with tartaric acid as solvent and L/S ratios of 1.

Association Between Sociodemographic Variables, Healthy Habits, and Stress with Risk Scales for Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction.

Unlabelled: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with a multifactorial etiology. This study aims to evaluate the associations between various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress with risk scale values for MAFLD.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 16,708 Spanish workers to assess how sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and socioeconomic status), healthy habits (smoking, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity), and stress correlate with values from three MAFLD risk scales: fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP).

Prescription of Strong Opioids in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in the Province of Valladolid (Spain).

Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is one of the leading causes of disability. The use of strong opioids (SOs) in the management of CNCP is increasing, although evidence supporting their use remains limited. Primary care (PC) plays a key role in this context.

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Aboveground Biomass of Mature and Postmining Forests in Chocó.

Environmental factors control the accumulation of aboveground biomass (AB) in tropical forests, along with the role of AB in climate change mitigation. As such, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of factors such as forest type, succession, abundance of individuals, species richness, height, diameter, texture, and soil nutrient levels on the AB in mature and postmining forests in Chocó, Colombia. Five plots each were set up in primary and postmining forests with 15 and 30 years of regeneration, in which the amount of AB was measured and related to the environmental factors.

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Based on Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits in Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Study.

: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) are two multifactorial pathological conditions that have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate how various sociodemographic variables and healthy habits are associated with the presence or absence of MetS and HTW. : This study employed a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a retrospective longitudinal study and a cross-sectional descriptive study, analyzing 44,939 healthcare workers with MS and HTW across four professional categories to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet using three diagnostic criteria.

Extracellular Vesicles as Tools for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier to Treat Lysosomal Storage Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, membrane-bound structures that have emerged as promising tools for drug delivery, especially in the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. This review highlights the unique properties of EVs, such as their biocompatibility, capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and potential for therapeutic cargo loading, including that of enzymes and genetic material. Current therapies for LSDs, like enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), often fail to address neurological symptoms due to their inability to cross the BBB.

Which Positions Optimize Pelvic Floor Activation in Female Athletes?

Background/objectives: Implementing and optimizing pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training programs is crucial for reducing the risk of dysfunctions, improving athletic performance, and enhancing quality of life for athletes. The aim of this study was to assess PFM activation in female athletes during postural challenges.

Methods: An observational and descriptive study was conducted with twenty-five female rugby players.

Reshaping Resistance: How Autovaccine Therapy Alters the Course of Recurrent Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections.

Background/objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a considerable challenge due to high treatment failure rates and associated healthcare costs. This pioneering study evaluates the effectiveness of personalized autovaccine therapy in managing recurrent UTIs in patients with MDR bacteria, aiming to offer an innovative treatment that reduces antibiotic resistance and hospitalizations.

Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, 40 patients with recurrent MDR UTIs received personalized sublingual autovaccines derived from their own bacterial isolates.

Exercise Intervention in Women with Fibromyalgia and Its Influence on Pain, Psychological Variables, and Disability: An Observational Study.

(1) Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a specific condition within the spectrum of musculoskeletal pain disorders, with an estimated global prevalence of 2%. Physical exercise has shown promise in modulating pain and improving physical function without the drawbacks of pharmacotherapy. This study aims to examine the effects of a 6-week telerehabilitation combined exercise program-including mobility, strength, and high-intensity exercises-on pain, psychological variables, and disability in women with fibromyalgia.

Multidisciplinary Vulvar Cancer Management: The Dermatologist's Perspective.

Vulvar cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its complex presentation and high rates of postoperative complications. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating the expertise of gynecologic oncologists, dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and other specialists. This review highlights the dermatologist's role in supporting early diagnosis, addressing predisposing conditions such as lichen sclerosus, and managing postoperative wound complications, including surgical site infections and dehiscence.

Hybrids of Deep HOMO Organic Cyanoacrylic Acid Dyes and Graphene Nanomaterials for Water Splitting Photoanodes.

Dye-sensitization is a promising strategy to improve the light absorption and photoactivity abilities of wide-bandgap semiconductors, like TiO. For effective water-splitting photoanodes with no sacrificial agents, the electrochemical potential of the dye must exceed the thermodynamic threshold needed for the oxygen evolution reaction. This study investigates two promising organic cyanoacrylic dyes, designed to meet that criterion by means of theoretical calculations.

Mechanical Behavior of PEEK and PMMA Graphene and Ti6Al4V Implant-Supported Frameworks: In Silico Study.

A comparative analysis has been carried out between three different dental materials suitable for the prostheses manufacturing. The analysis performed is based on the finite elements method (FEM) and was made to evaluate their performance under three different loading conditions. Three different materials were modeled with 3D CAD geometry, all of them suitable to be simulated by means of a linear elastic model.

Effect of Plasma Treatment on Coating Adhesion and Tensile Strength in Uncoated and Coated Rubber Under Aging.

The degradation of rubber materials under environmental and mechanical stress presents a significant challenge, particularly due to UV (ultraviolet light) exposure, which severely impacts the material's physical properties. This study aims to enhance the UV stability and longevity of rubber by evaluating the performance of modified polyurethane and silicone coatings as protective stabilizers. Natural rubber-styrene-butadiene rubber (NR-SBR), known for its exceptional mechanical properties, was selected as the base material.

Performance of Self-Compacting Mortars Using Ground Seashells as Recycled Sand.

The findings highlight the potential for broadening the use of shell aggregates in construction applications. This research investigated the viability of incorporating milled seashells as fine sand replacements for natural calcareous sand in the production of self-compacting mortar. These results highlight a promising avenue for coastal industries to reduce waste while enhancing the durability of construction materials.

Finite Element Simulation of Hot Rolling for Large-Scale AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless-Steel Slabs Using Industrial Rolling Schedules-Part 1: Set-Up, Optimization, and Validation of Numerical Model.

A growing need to reduce the environmental impact and cost of manufacturing stainless steels has led to the development of ferritic stainless steel as an alternative to austenitic and duplex steels. The development of new stainless steels involves the optimization of their hot rolling processes, with the aim of minimizing the occurrence of defects and improving productivity. In this context, numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) is presented as a key tool to reduce the time and cost associated with traditional trial-and-error optimization methods.

Vegetable Fibers in Cement Composites: A Bibliometric Analysis, Current Status, and Future Outlooks.

The use of vegetable fibers (VFs) in cement-based composites has increased in recent years owing to their minimal environmental impact and notable particular properties. VFs have aroused interest within the scientific community because of their potential as a sustainable alternative for construction. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of VFs in cement composites using data from the Scopus database and scientometric tools to explore publication trends, influential sources, and research directions.

Effect of Temperature on Magnetoimpedance Effect and Magnetic Properties of Fe- and Co-Rich Glass-Coated Microwires.

We provide new experimental studies of the temperature dependence of the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and hysteresis loops of Fe-rich and Co-rich amorphous microwires with rather different room temperature magnetic properties and GMI effect features. We observed a remarkable modification of hysteresis loops and magnetic field dependence of the GMI ratio upon heating in both of the studied samples. We observed a noticeable improvement in the GMI ratio and a change in hysteresis loops from rectangular to inclined upon heating in Fe-rich microwire.

Optimisation of Using Low-Grade Kaolinitic Clays in Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Production (LC3).

LC3 (limestone calcined clay cement) is poised to become the construction industry's future as a so-called low-carbon-footprint cement. Research into this subject has determined the minimum kaolinite content in calcined clays to guarantee good mechanical performance. This study examines the use of clay from the Valencian Community (Spain), which has a lower kaolinite content than the recommended amount (around 30%) for use in LC3 and how its performance can be enhanced by replacing part of that clay with metakaolin.

Effect of Inert Gas Cover on the Static and Fatigue Behavior of AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Spot Lap-Shear Welds.

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) technology relies on the generation of frictional heat during the rotation of the welding tool in contact with the workpiece as well as the stirring effect of the tool pin to produce solid-state spot joints, especially for lightweight materials. Although FSSW offers significant advantages over traditional fusion welding, the oxidation of the interfacial bond line remains one of the most challenging issues, affecting the quality and strength of the joint under both static and cyclic loading conditions. In this experimental study, inert argon gas was employed to surround the joint, aiming to prevent or minimize the formation of the interfacial oxides.

Rheological Behavior of Oil Well Cement Slurries with Addition of Core/Shell TiO@SiO Nanoparticles-Effect of Superplasticizer and Temperature.

This study investigates the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes (OWCPs) modified with core/shell TiO@SiO (nTS) nanoparticles and polycarboxylate-ether (PCE) superplasticizers at different temperatures (25, 45, and 60 °C). Results show that nTS particles increased static and dynamic yield stresses and the apparent viscosity of the cement slurries due to an increased solid volume fraction and reduced free water availability. The increase in the slurry dispersion by adding PCE superplasticizers enhanced the effect of the nanoparticles on the rheological parameters.

Essential Oils as Bioinsecticides Against (Linnaeus, 1767): Evaluating Its Efficacy Under a Practical Framework.

Concerns about the negative effects of traditional insecticides and increasing insecticide resistance have prompted the exploration of botanical alternatives like essential oils (EOs). The registration of biocides is a mandatory procedure, and some regions have established a special status for compounds that meet specific low-risk criteria, which includes certain EOs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of sixteen EOs, both registered as low-risk biocides and/or standard biocides, against the German cockroach, .

The Use of Novel Alginate Capsules in a Monitoring System for in a Cherry Orchard in the Region of La Araucanía, Chile.

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a pest that causes damage due to the female laying eggs under the skin of ripe fruit, from which a larva emerges, causing its collapse and reducing its commercial value. Due to the importance of this pest, monitoring its population is the starting point for any control program; however, there is no early monitoring plan within management tasks, nor are there studies on behavior, the optimization of traps, or their baits. This research proposes the evaluation of a monitoring system with encapsulated baits and adhesive traps that allow effective control.

Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA in Liquid Biopsy: Current Techniques and Potential Applications in Melanoma.

The treatment landscape for advanced melanoma has transformed significantly with the advent of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi) targeting V600 mutations, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) like anti-PD-1 monotherapy or its combinations with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-LAG-3. Despite that, many patients still do not benefit from these treatments at all or develop resistance mechanisms. Therefore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are needed to identify patients who should switch or escalate their treatment strategies or initiate an intensive follow-up.