Biomarkers.

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a language-based dementia linked with underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia. Clinicians often report difficulty differentiating between the logopenic (lv) and nonfluent/agrammatic (nfv) subtypes, as both variants present with disruptions to "fluency" yet for different underlying reasons. In English, acoustic and linguistic markers from connected speech samples have shown promise in machine learning (ML)-based differentiation of nfv from lv.

Biomarkers.

Background: Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) stands out as an accurate method for quantifying blood-based Aβ peptides, its major limitations such as prolonged sample preparation, extensive analysis time, large specimen volume, and high costs, present opportunities for improvement. Consequently, we aimed to develop a novel plasma IP-MS Aβ assay that employs simplified and significantly shorter analytical procedures, along with much-reduced sample volumes.

Public Health.

Background: High-income countries (HICs) are over-represented in current global dementia incidence rates, skewing estimates. Variance in diagnostic methods between HICs and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is speculated to contribute to the regional differences in rates. Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) offers a unique opportunity to address these research inequalities by harmonising data from international studies, including representation from LMICs.

Public Health.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with cognitive decline, and ∼45% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients experience sleep disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep (SWS) is linked to amyloid accumulation and APOE ε4-related genetic vulnerability to AD. Here, we investigate the effects of amyloid and APOE status on SWS, and their interaction, in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at higher risk of AD.

Public Health.

Background: Identifying individuals with early Alzheimer's disease, i.e. mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) can facilitate the rapid initiation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies with the aim of achieving better clinical outcomes.

Public Health.

Background: Pro-inflammatory diets have been associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but their impact on overall brain aging is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between a pro-inflammatory diet and a machine learning-based measure of brain age, taking into account age, genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and systemic inflammation.

Method: From the UK Biobank, 21,473 participants aged 40-70 years and free of chronic brain diseases were included.

Public Health.

Background: Sex and gender affect Alzheimer's and Dementia differently. Some studies show that women are diagnosed at a later stage. This represents an essential challenge for healthcare and makes research challenging as gender biases may impact participant selection for clinical trials.

Public Health.

Background: In recent years, research on risk estimation and early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) advanced swiftly. Studies are investigating the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's dementia (ADD), even during asymptomatic, preclinical, and prodromal stages of AD. Particular hope is pinned on blood-based biomarkers as these are less invasive than other methods such as lumbar puncture and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-scan.

Public Health.

Background: over the past decade, a bi-directional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been increasingly recognized, with several studies suggesting a link between self-reported sleep disturbances and AD biomarkers. However, the association between polysomnography (PSG)-assessed sleep parameters and AD biomarkers remains unknown.

Method: We examined 128 participants [mean age 70.

Public Health.

Background: To estimate the additive associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and depression on long-term cognitive trajectory in multi-regional cohorts and validate the generalizability of the findings in varying clinical settings.

Method: Data harmonization was performed across 14 longitudinal cohort studies within the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) group, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Three external validation studies with distinct settings were employed to assess generalizability.

Public Health.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) and Brain Maintenance (BR) are constructs defined at a theoretical level (Stern et al., Neurobiol Aging, 2021 Apr, 124:100-103). Our aim was to propose a reproducible procedure to compare CR-like of BR-like mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in memory stability.

Public Health.

Regular exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects including reducing risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear if exercise has direct effects on AD pathophysiology. To this end, several emerging initiatives have been established to investigate plasma biomarker changes in relation to exercise among older adults.

Public Health.

Background: The extended life expectancy in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has led to the emergence of age-related diseases, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being particularly noteworthy due to its nearly full penetrance. The level of intellectual disability (ID), regarded as a proxy for cognitive reserve (CR), explains heterogeneity in cognitive and functional abilities. Despite this, there is a notable lack of exploration into the characterization of resilience factors and their potential influence on the progression along the AD continuum in this population.

Public Health.

Background: Lifestyle interventions targeting multiple Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors are effective strategies to prevent cognitive decline. Emerging evidence suggests synergistic effects between various intervention components, including lifestyle modifications, supplements, and pharmacological approaches. The PENSA study, part of the World-Wide FINGERs network, is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial following the Finger 2.

Public Health.

In the quest to combat Alzheimer's disease (AD), physical exercise has emerged as one of the leading non-pharmaceutical approaches to improve executive function and ameliorate cognitive decline. The limited understanding of the mechanisms by which exercise impacts cognition in late adulthood hinders the widespread use of exercise as a therapeutic or preventive approach for AD. This underscores the urgent need for research aimed at unraveling the mechanisms by which exercise improves cognition.

Inflammatory bowel disease vs strongyloidiasis.

We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a 10-year history of ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Two months after traveling to Morocco, she developed gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied by eosinophilia in blood tests. Four months later, she progressed to systemic illness with pulmonary involvement.

Public Health.

Background: Subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), assessed by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), is linked to cognitive decline, but the associations in hypertensive adults and the underlying brain pathologies remain unclear. It is also undetermined whether an intensive blood pressure treatment compared to a standard treatment may slow down cognitive decline associated with subclinical CVD.

Method: We conducted a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial, where older adults with hypertension were randomized to an intensive treatment (systolic blood pressure (SBP) target of < 120 mm Hg) or standard treatment (< 140 mm Hg).

Combination treatment risankizumab and subcutaneous infliximab for refractory Crohn's disease.

We present the case of an 18-year-old male who was diagnosed at age 15 with extensive ileal and colonic Crohn's disease with rectal involvement and associated perianal fistula. The patient received different treatments with biologics withouth achieving response, so we decide to try combination therapy with subcutaneous Infliximab and Risakizumab. The patient showed improvement at second week, achieving both analytical, clinical and endoscopic response .

Public Health.

Background: International collaboration is crucial to the future of research in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Although it is hoped that a single global DLB cohort can be created through combination of data from the many longitudinal studies conducted internationally, a high likelihood of phenotypic heterogeneity may prohibit harmonisation and analysis of datasets. Our primary objective is to determine whether significant heterogeneity is observed in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with DLB globally.

Public Health.

Background: Approximately 35-40% of new patients at memory clinics are cognitively intact individuals concerned about their dementia risk. The demand for personalized risk profiling and preventive strategies for those at higher dementia risk is in need of innovative infrastructures. However, disclosing dementia risk estimates raises concerns about potential negative emotional impacts.

Public Health.

Background: Women show greater atrophy in medial temporal lobe (MTL) compared to men, irrespective of amyloid burden. We examined whether depressive symptoms, which are more prevalent in women and also linked to MTL atrophy, interact with tau accumulation on MTL atrophy trajectories across 7 years differently among men and women.

Method: We included 71 non-demented ADNI participants with available baseline data on depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale; GDS), MTL tau accumulation (AV1451 PET BRAAK I/II SUVR [entorhinal and hippocampus]), Centiloids derived from [F]florbetaben and [F]florbetapir and with at least 3 structural MRI visits (mean time = 6.

Public Health.

Background: Adhering to lifestyle-based multimodal interventions to prevent cognitive decline is crucial for their success, but limited evidence exists on determinants of adherence. This gap may stem from inconsistent adherence measurement and reporting across studies. Additionally, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal intervention intensity needed for meaningful cognitive benefits.

Biomarkers.

Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) can underlie clinical presentations mimicking Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent imaging-pathological studies have shown that LATE associates with a specific temporo-limbic FDG-PET signature that differs from the typical temporo-parietal pattern of hypometabolism in AD and may be of clinical utility for differential dementia diagnosis. Little is known about the temporal evolution of the respective hypometabolic patterns from early disease stages.