Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) signaling promotes cell growth and differentiation, and is overexpressed in several tumor types, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer. HER2-targeted therapies have shown clinical activity against these tumor types, resulting in regulatory approvals. However, the efficacy of HER2 therapies in tumors with HER2 mutations has not been widely investigated.

Epicardial adipose tissue, cardiac damage, and mortality in patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis.

Computed tomography (CT)-derived Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) is linked to cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, its role in patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) and the interplay with aortic stenosis (AS) cardiac damage (CD) remains unexplored. We aim to investigate the relationship between EAT characteristics, AS CD, and all-cause mortality.

Morpho-physiological digestive features of genetically closely related sympatric lacustrine whitefish forms with different feeding habits.

The effect of different feeding habits on gut morphology and digestive function has been intensively studied during the last decades but sympatric closely related fishes are relatively rare objects of such studies. In the present study, we have identified both morphological and physiological changes in the digestive system of a sympatric pair of whitefish represented by "normal" Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (benthivorous) and "dwarf" C. l.

Diffuseness of coronary artery disease impacts on immediate hemodynamic and predicted clinical outcomes.

Diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) impacts the immediate hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated whether the diffuse pattern of CAD derived from angiographic Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) impacts the immediate hemodynamic outcome post-PCI and the medium term predicted vessel-oriented composite endpoint (VOCE). Paired pre-procedure QFRs were assessed in 503 patients and 1022 vessels in the Multivessel TALENT (MVT) trial.

Development of the Crisis and Emergency Intervention Skills Scale (CEISS) and an analysis of its psychometric properties.

Emergency psychology is a branch of psychology that, although it began several years ago due to dramatic events around the world, is increasingly being established in the day-to-day work of the emergency department. Due to the very specific nature of this type of intervention, it is essential that, in addition to proper training and experience, emergency psychologists have a series of competencies. In this study, we developed a questionnaire, the Crisis and Emergency Intervention Skills Scale (CEISS), ad hoc for this research, and we determined the relationship of the CEISS score with the most relevant competencies.

Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing.

A novel helically twisted photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and proposed for sensing toxic gases with refractive indices ranging from 1.00 to 1.08.

Changes in microbiome composition during ontogeny and dispersal of the coral boring sponge Thoosa mismalolli.

Dispersal is an important life history trait that plays a key role in the demography and evolution of species. We employed a combined approach of DNA sequencing and transmission electron microscopy to examine the changes in the microbiome during the ontogeny and dispersal of the coral-excavating sponge Thoosa mismalolli. The results show that sponge can acquired their associated bacteria via both vertical (VT) and horizontal transmission (HT).

Oxytocin levels in response to CRH administration in hypopituitarism and hypothalamic damage: a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

Increasing evidence supports the presence of oxytocin deficiency (OXT-D) in patients with hypopituitarism and hypothalamic damage (HHD), that might be associated with neuropsychological deficits and sexual dysfunction, leading to worse quality of life (QoL). Therefore, identifying a provocative test to diagnose an OXT-D will be important. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a candidate for such a test as it increases oxytocin secretion in animal models.

Enhanced CH emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires.

Monitoring methane (CH) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems is essential for assessing the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors leading to climate change and shaping global climate goals. Fires are a significant source of atmospheric CH, with the increasing frequency of megafires amplifying their impact. Global fire emissions exhibit large spatiotemporal variations, making the magnitude and dynamics difficult to characterize accurately.

Unveiling cellular changes in leukaemia cell lines after cannabidiol treatment through lipidomics.

The present study was aimed at revealing the metabolic changes that occurred in the cellular lipid pattern of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia cells following treatment with cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is a non-psychoactive compound present in Cannabis sativa L., which has shown an antiproliferative action in these type of cancer cells.

Understanding the role of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer risk: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Predictive value of metabolic syndrome for prostate cancer risk is not clear. We aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with prostate cancer incidence. The primary outcome was prostate cancer incidence, i.

Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis.

Vaccination stands as one of the most sustainable and promising strategies to control infectious diseases in animal production. Nevertheless, the causes for antibody response variation among individuals are poorly understood. The animal microbiota has been shown to be involved in the correct development and function of the host immunity, including the antibody response.

Discordance, accuracy and reproducibility study of pathologists' diagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic tumors.

Accurate melanoma diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes and reliability of AI diagnostic tools. We assess interrater variability among eight expert pathologists reviewing histopathological images and clinical metadata of 792 melanoma-suspicious lesions prospectively collected at eight German hospitals. Moreover, we provide access to the largest panel-validated dataset featuring dermoscopic and histopathological images with metadata.

Microbial biogeography along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau.

Microorganisms are present in snow/ice of the Antarctic Plateau, but their biogeography and metabolic state under extreme local conditions are poorly understood. Here, we show the diversity and distribution of microorganisms in air (1.5 m height) and snow/ice down to 4 m depth at three distant latitudes along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau on board an environmentally friendly, mobile platform.

Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.

Interferon (IFN)-α is the earliest cytokine signature observed in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the effect of IFN-α on the antigen repertoire of HLA Class I (HLA-I) in pancreatic β-cells is unknown. Here we characterize the HLA-I antigen presentation in resting and IFN-α-exposed β-cells and find that IFN-α increases HLA-I expression and expands peptide repertoire to those derived from alternative mRNA splicing, protein cis-splicing and post-translational modifications. While the resting β-cell immunopeptidome is dominated by HLA-A-restricted peptides, IFN-α largely favors HLA-B and only marginally upregulates HLA-A, translating into increased HLA-B-restricted peptide presentation and activation of HLA-B-restricted CD8 T cells.

A Global Relationship Between Genome Size and Encoded Carbon Metabolic Strategies of Soil Bacteria.

Microbial traits are critical for carbon sequestration and degradation in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, our understanding of the relationship between carbon metabolic strategies and genomic traits like genome size remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global-scale meta-analysis of 2650 genomes, integrated whole-genome sequencing data, and performed a continental-scale metagenomic field study.

Understanding the Mechanism of Electrochemical CO Capture by Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption.

Carbon dioxide capture underpins an important range of technologies that can help to mitigate climate change. Improved carbon capture technologies that are driven by electrochemistry are under active development, and it was recently found that supercapacitor energy storage devices can reversibly capture and release carbon dioxide. So-called supercapacitive swing adsorption (SSA) has several advantages over traditional carbon dioxide capture technologies such as lower energy consumption and the use of nontoxic materials.

Influence of edentulous areas on the accuracy of the maximum intercuspal position recorded by using different intraoral scanners or an artificial intelligence-based program.

Statement Of Problem: Intraoral scans can be articulated in maximum intercuspal position (MIP) by using an artificial intelligence (AI) based program; however, the impact of edentulous areas on the accuracy of the MIP located using this AI-based program is unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the impact of edentulous areas (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 posterior mandibular teeth) on the accuracy of the MIP located using 3 intraoral scanners (IOSs) and an AI-based program.

Material And Methods: Stone casts articulated in MIP in an articulator were digitized (T710).

Guidance on the assessment of the functionality of biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration: Methodologies and testing procedures.

Innovative biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies show great promise in regenerating periodontal tissues. This guidance provides an overview and detailed recommendations for evaluating the biological functionality of these new biomaterials in vitro, focusing on mineralization, immunomodulatory effects, cellular differentiation, and angiogenesis. Additionally, it discusses the use of in vivo experimental models that mimic periodontitis and scrutinizes methods such as osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory responses to assess the effectiveness of these biomaterials in promoting periodontal tissue reconstruction.

Stress, microbiota, and the gut-brain axis in mental and digestive health.

The prevailing mind-body dualism in contemporary medicine, rooted in reductionism and the fragmentation of knowledge, has impeded the development of a conceptual model that can adequately address the complexity of illnesses. Integrating biomedical data into a cohesive model that considers the mind-body-context interconnections is essential. This integration is not merely theoretical; rather, it has significant clinical implications.

Extension of the Right Renal Vein in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Literature Review and Analysis at Our Center.

Introduction: The length of the right renal vein is a crucial vascular factor in kidney transplantation. Its shorter length compared to the left renal vein complicates venous anastomosis. The aim of this article is to review the literature on this topic and provide data from our experience.

A singular theory of sensorimotor coordination: On targeted motions in space.

Gravity has long been purported to serve a unique role in sensorimotor coordination, but the specific mechanisms underlying gravity-based visuomotor realignment remain elusive. In this study, astronauts (9 males, 2 females) performed targeted hand movements with eyes open or closed, both on the ground and in weightlessness. Measurements revealed systematic drift in hand-path orientation seen only when eyes were closed and only in very specific conditions with respect to gravity.

The effect of a general practitioner's perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: secondary analysis of a point prevalence audit survey in 18 European countries.

Background: Illness severity, comorbidity, fever, age and symptom duration influence antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTI). Non-medical determinants, such as patient expectations, also impact prescribing.

Aim: To quantify the effect of general practitioners' (GPs') perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for RTI and investigate effect modification by medical determinants and country.