The Transformative Potential of Large Language Models in Mining Electronic Health Records Data: Content Analysis.

Background: In this study, we evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of large language models in extracting and structuring information from free-text clinical reports, particularly in identifying and classifying patient comorbidities within oncology electronic health records. We specifically compare the performance of gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 and gpt-4-1106-preview models against that of specialized human evaluators.

Hemodynamic Management guided by the Hypotension Prediction Index in Abdominal Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after major abdominal surgery leads to poor outcomes. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) may aid in managing intraoperative hemodynamic instability. This study assessed if HPI-guided therapy reduces moderate-to-severe AKI incidence in moderate-to-high-risk elective abdominal surgery patients.

Understanding displacement of onboard contingents in Navy amphibious ships.

The Naval Ship Code (NSC) was enacted in 2009 to standardize regulations for NATO member naval forces, and a study commissioned by the Spanish Navy General Staff (EMA) aimed to identify the factors that influence onboard personnel's ability to move during an evacuation process. This study validated the soundness of the safety protocols implemented on navy vessels and highlighted the impact of certain characteristics of the embarked military contingent, such as body mass index, age, and seniority. It also found that such characteristics could act as distinctive factors among the embarked contingents in the evacuation of a military vessel.

Differences in Behavior During Early Nectarine Infection Among Main spp. Causing Brown Rot.

Brown rot is a disease that affects stone and pome fruit crops worldwide. It is caused by fungal members of the genus , mainly , and . This study presents evidence that, despite having a very similar battery of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes (CWDEs), the three species behave differently during the early stages of infection, suggesting differences at the regulatory level, which could also explain the differences in host preference among the three species.

A GPU-accelerated fuzzy method for real-time CT volume filtering.

During acquisition and reconstruction, medical images may become noisy and lose diagnostic quality. In the case of CT scans, obtaining less noisy images results in a higher radiation dose being administered to the patient. Filtering techniques can be utilized to reduce radiation without losing diagnosis capabilities.

Inherited genome instability.

Germline structural variants are a risk factor for pediatric extracranial solid tumors.

Compressed ionic plastic crystals are cool.

A family of materials exhibits a large thermal response at subambient temperatures.

Long-term persistence of glycemic dysregulation in patients with a history of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.

Context: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare endocrine tumors that frequently produce catecholamines. Catecholamine-induced cardiometabolic complications substantially contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in PPGL patients prior to surgical resection.

Objective: To determine whether markers of elevated cardiometabolic risk persist in patients following PPGL resection.

Transplant and Nontransplant Salvage Therapy in Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: The EuroNet-PHL-R1 Phase 3 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The current standard-of-care salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) includes consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT)/autologous stem cell transplant (aSCT).

Objective: To investigate whether presalvage risk factors and fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) response to reinduction chemotherapy can guide escalation or de-escalation between HDCT/aSCT or transplant-free consolidation with radiotherapy to minimize toxic effects while maintaining high cure rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: EuroNet-PHL-R1 was a nonrandomized clinical trial that enrolled patients younger than 18 years with first relapsed/refractory cHL across 68 sites in 13 countries in Europe between January 2007 and January 2013.

CLADES: A Programmable Cascade of Genes for Cell Lineage Analysis and Manipulation.

In the Drosophila brain, neuronal diversity originates from approximately 100 neural stem cells, each dividing asymmetrically. Precise mapping of cell lineages at the single-cell resolution is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that direct neuronal specification. However, existing methods for high-resolution lineage tracing are notably time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Computational Methods for Lineage Reconstruction.

The recent development of genetic lineage recorders, designed to register the genealogical history of cells using induced somatic mutations, has opened the possibility of reconstructing complete animal cell lineages. To reconstruct a cell lineage tree from a molecular recorder, it is crucial to use an appropriate reconstruction algorithm. Current approaches include algorithms specifically designed for cell lineage reconstruction and the repurposing of phylogenetic algorithms.

StarTrack: Mapping Cellular Fates with Inheritable Color Codes.

StarTrack is a powerful multicolor genetic tool designed to unravel cellular lineages arising from neural progenitor cells (NPCs). This innovative technique, based on retrospective clonal analysis and built upon the PiggyBac system, creates a unique and inheritable "color code" within NPCs. Through the stochastic integration of 12 distinct plasmids encoding six fluorescent proteins, StarTrack enables precise and comprehensive tracking of cellular fates and progenitor potentials.

Single-Cell Lineage Tracing and Clonal State-Fate Analysis.

Lineage tracing has significantly advanced our comprehension in many areas of biology, such as development or immunity, by precisely measuring cellular processes like migration, division, or differentiation across labeled cells and their progeny. Traditional recombinase-based prospective lineage tracing is limited by the need for a priori cell type information and is constrained in the numbers of clones it can simultaneously track. In this sense, clonal lineage tracing with integrated random barcodes offers a robust alternative, enabling researchers to label and track a vast array of cells and their progeny over time.

CKD-Associated Pruritus is Associated with Greater Use of Antidepressants and Anti-pruritus Medications.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common, yet underdiagnosed condition among patients on hemodialysis. Considering the lack of established treatment pathways, we sought to evaluate the use of antidepressant, systemic antihistamines, or gabapentinoid medications among patients with CKD-aP in the year following pruritus assessment.

Methods: We included 6209 patients on hemodialysis in the analysis.

Tracking Abdominal-B Expression and Function in the Fly Internal Reproductive System by Explants Imaging.

Hox genes specify identities mainly in the anteroposterior axis in various animal tissues, some of them forming part of the internal organs and systems. The expression and activity of these genes have been analyzed mainly in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, and in mouse; in the former, the functional study of Hox genes has been detailed predominantly in epidermal structures, but their role in internal organs poses some challenges, particularly in pupae. One of these genes, Abdominal-B, dictates the development of many internal organs in the posterior abdomen of the fly, yet techniques for its analysis, like in vivo time-lapse, have long been impractical.

Therapeutic hypothermia in preterm infants under 36 weeks: Case series on outcomes and brain MRI findings.

Purpose: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of neonatal brain injury. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for term neonates, but its safety and efficacy in neonates < 36 weeks gestational age (GA) remains unclear. This case series aimed to evaluate the outcomes of preterm infants with HIE treated with TH.

Copper and Silver Trispyrazolylborate-Phosphinoazide Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Nitrene Generation.

Phosphinoazide complexes of the composition TpM-L (M = Cu, Ag, and L = 2-azido-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-1,3,2-diazaphosphole) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Their thermal decomposition led to cyclodiphosphazenes as a result of the metal-mediated coupling of two nitrene units in a process that takes place in both a stoichiometric and catalytic manner. Experimental data have allowed proposing a mechanistic pathway for this new transformation.

Interlaboratory assays from the fungal PCR Initiative and the Modimucor Study Group to improve qPCR detection of Mucorales DNA in serum: one more step toward standardization.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to identify parameters influencing DNA extraction and PCR amplification efficiencies in an attempt to standardize Mucorales qPCR. The Fungal PCR Initiative Mucorales Laboratory Working Group distributed two panels of simulated samples to 26 laboratories: Panel A (six sera spiked with Mucorales DNA and one negative control serum) and Panel B (six Mucorales DNA extracts). Panel A underwent DNA extraction in each laboratory according to the local procedure and were sent to a central laboratory for testing using three different qPCR techniques: one in-house qPCR assay and two commercial assays (MucorGenius and Fungiplex).

Validation of a simplified HPV genotyping assay designed for cervical screening in low-resource settings.

Unlabelled: Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype predicts cervical cancer risk, and genotyping could help guide the management of HPV positives as part of cervical screening. An isothermal amplification HPV extended genotyping test (ScreenFire HPV RS assay) can assay up to 96 samples/controls in 1 hour plus preparation time. A novel format with pre-aliquoted reagents and an anti-contamination component (Zebra BioDome) could simplify the HPV testing process and reduce the chances of post-amplification contamination.

Are we serologically prepared against an avian influenza pandemic and could seasonal flu vaccines help us?

The current situation with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) is causing a worldwide concern due to multiple outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Moreover, multiple zoonotic infections in humans have been reported. Importantly, HPAI H5N1 viruses with genetic markers of adaptation to mammals have been detected.

Morphogenetic penicillin-binding proteins control virulence-associated type III secretion systems in .

Type III protein secretion systems (T3SSs) function as multiprotein devices that span the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria using the peptidoglycan (PG) layer as scaffold. This spatial arrangement explains why modifications in PG structure can alter T3SS activity. In incorporation of non-canonical D-amino acids in the PG was shown to decrease the activity of the T3SS encoded by the pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) without affecting other T3SS, like the flagellum apparatus.

Treatment with BKI-1748 after systemic dissemination in experimentally infected pregnant sheep improves fetal and lamb mortality and morbidity and prevents congenital infection.

Drug development for congenital toxoplasmosis is challenging since first-line therapy has a high rate of adverse effects and exhibits suboptimal efficacy. Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs), targeting protein kinases with small gatekeeper residues, have been found to be effective against . The efficacy of BKI-1748 administered later than 2 days post-infection (p.

Ileal Predominance in Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Increased Intestinal Surgery and Biological Therapy Use, With Lower Treatment Persistence.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) varies by location, potentially affecting therapy efficacy and surgery risk, although research on this topic is conflicting. This study aims to investigate the independent association between CD location and therapeutic patterns.

Methods: We analyzed patients with CD diagnosed from January 2005 to May 2023 registered in the nationwide ENEIDA registry.

Characteristics and Causes of Sports-Related Sudden Death in the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the burden, characteristics, and causes of sudden death in sport (SrSD) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

Methods: Retrospective observational study.