Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages with lipid nanosystems reduces PDAC tumor burden and liver metastasis.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) requires innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract its progression and metastatic potential. Since the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced metastatic disease, treatment strategies targeting not only the primary tumor but also metastatic lesions are needed. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) have emerged as central players, significantly influencing PDAC progression and metastasis.

European clinical practice guideline: managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective: To propose a European consensus for managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) to guide primary care and specialist physicians.

Methods: Twenty-three European experts (otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons) participated in a modified Delphi process to revise 38 statements about the definition, clinical management, and treatment of LPRD. Three voting rounds were conducted on a 5-point scale and a consensus was defined a priori as agreement by 80% of the experts.

3D-Printed Dual-Channel Flow-Through Miniaturized Devices with Dual In-Channel Electrochemical Detection.

Here, we present three-dimensional-printed dual-channel flow-through miniaturized devices (3D) with dual electrochemical detection (ED) integrating two working electrodes each in an in-channel configuration (3D-ED). Prussian Blue (PB) shell-gold nanoparticles ((PB)AuNP) core-based electrochemistry was chosen for selective hydrogen peroxide determination. 3D-ED devices exhibited impress stability, identical intrachannel and interchannel electrochemical performances, and excellent interdevice precision with values under 9%, revealing the reliability of the design and fabrication of the devices.

Designing a multicomponent intervention to support caregivers of persons with dementia in primary care in Spain: a qualitative study of family and professional carers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of family and professional caregivers of persons with dementia in order to design a tailored community-based support programme.

Design: A two-stage study was deployed. First, qualitative research draws on three focus groups.

A pilot study of transcriptomic preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-T): towards a new step in embryo selection?

Study Question: Is it possible to predict an euploid chromosomal constitution and identify a transcriptomic profile compatible with extended embryonic development from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data?

Summary Answer: It has been possible to obtain a karyotype comparable to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), in addition to a transcriptomic signature of embryos which might be suggestive of improved implantation capacity.

What Is Known Already: Conventional assessment of embryo competence, based on morphology and morphokinetic, lacks knowledge of molecular aspects and faces controversy in predicting ploidy status. Understanding the embryonic transcriptome is crucial, as gene expression influences development and implantation.

Speciation and Aqueous Dissolution of Macronutrients in Fire Ash: Variation across Ecosystems and the Effects on Nutrient Cycling.

This study investigated the speciation and aqueous dissolution of macronutrients in fire ash from diverse ecosystems and speciation of ash and smoke from laboratory burning, exploring the variations and their causes. The speciation of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in fire ash from five globally distributed ecosystems was characterized by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and sequential fractionation. Aqueous dissolution of the macronutrients was measured by batch experiments at acidic and alkaline pHs.

Neuro-immunobiology and treatment assessment in a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a disorder mediated by autoantibodies against the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR. It occurs with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms that often improve with immunotherapy. Clinical studies and animal models based on patients' antibody transfer or NMDAR immunization suggest that the autoantibodies play a major pathogenic role.

The Softening of Persimmon Fruit Was Inhibited by Gibberellin via DkDELLA1/2.

Texture is an important quality index reflecting a series of sensory evaluations of fruit, and softening is the main texture change of most postharvest fruit. Persimmon fruit () shows a pattern of decreasing firmness after harvest, leading to a short duration of sale and excessive waste. We found that the treatment with gibberellin (GA) could effectively inhibit the postharvest softening of persimmon fruit, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.

CRISPR/Cas9 screens identify LIG1 as a sensitizer of PARP inhibitors in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have received regulatory approval for the treatment of several tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa), and demonstrate remarkable results in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients characterized by defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes. Preclinical studies showed that DNA repair genes (DRG) other than HRR genes may have therapeutic value in the context of PARPi. To this end, we performed multiple CRISPR/Cas9 screens in PCa cell lines using a custom sgRNA library targeting DRG combined with PARPi treatment.

Five-year results of a prospective trial of IORT-photon boost and hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery.

Aim: To assess for the first time the safety and feasibility of combining photon-IntraOperative RadioTherapy (ph-IORT) with hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (hWBI) in patients referred to adjuvant radiotherapy after Breast-Conserving Surgery (BCS).

Methods: From February 2019 to August 2020, patients referred for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in our institution were prospectively included in the present trial. BCS was discussed in the multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB).

The Somogyi hypothesis: a parallelism with Michael Somogyi's life.

Michael Somogyi (Somogyi Mihály, 1883-1971) was a Hungarian biochemist who developed his scientific career in Europe and, primarily, the United States. He gave the name to the eponymous Somogyi effect or Somogyi hypothesis (in short, rebound hyperglycemia after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, particularly nocturnal), which was an axiom in the treatment of diabetes for decades. Although it is currently debated whether the Somogyi hypothesis is a real or relevant phenomenon in patients with diabetes, Somogyi's other significant career achievements are often overlooked.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for Recovery in Mental Health: A Scoping Review.

Recovery is a holistic approach to mental health care which focusses on the ability of people with mental disorders to achieve their goals and live full, meaningful lives despite their limitations. Recovery assessment tools are instruments that make it possible to measure the progress of people with mental disorders on their path to recovery. To explore, map and describe patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) found in the literature related to the recovery process in people with mental disorders (MDs).

Playing with the rope: a house sparrow behaviour related to its breeding activity.

The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a gregarious generalist species, which makes it a good model for studying play. However, play has not been described for this species so far. We describe play behaviour in house sparrows for the first time, quantifying all play and play-related behaviours, searching for differences between the different sexes and ages, the possible association with reproductive success and the diffusion of this behaviour in the population.

Motor predictors of cortical brain development and full-IQ in children born extremely preterm with and without discrete white matter abnormalities.

Aim: To describe the cortical brain development and full-IQ performance in middle school age children after extremely preterm (EPT) birth considering discrete white matter abnormalities (WMA). In addition, to assess possible early motor predictors of cortical brain development and full-IQ in children born EPT with and without discrete WMA diagnosed at 10 years.

Methods: T1-weighted MRI images from fifty-one children born before 27 weeks' gestation and 40 full-term born controls (M=10.

Chiral Light-Matter Interactions with Thermal Magnetoplasmons in Graphene Nanodisks.

We investigate the emergence of self-hybridized thermal magnetoplasmons in doped graphene nanodisks at finite temperatures upon being subjected to an external magnetic field. Using a semianalytical approach, which fully describes the eigenmodes and polarizability of the graphene nanodisks, we show that the hybridization originates from the coupling of transitions between thermally populated Landau levels and localized magnetoplasmon resonances of the nanodisks. Owing to their origin, these modes combine the extraordinary magneto-optical response of graphene with the strong field enhancement of plasmons, making them an ideal tool for achieving strong chiral light-matter interactions, with the additional advantage of being tunable through carrier concentration, magnetic field, and temperature.

Microarray-Based Methodology for Lipid Profiling, Enzymatic Activity, And Binding Assays in Printed Lipid Raft Membranes from Astrocytes and Neurons.

Lipid rafts are liquid-ordered domains in which specific enzymes and receptors are located. These membrane platforms play crucial roles in a variety of signaling pathways. Alterations in the lipid environment, such as those elicited by oxidative stress, can lead to important functional disruptions in membrane proteins.

Individualized evaluation of the total dose received by radiotherapy patients: Integrating in-field, out-of-field, and imaging doses.

Purpose: To propose a methodology for integrating the out-of-field and imaging doses to the in-field dose received by radiotherapy (RT) patients. In addition, the impact of considering the total dose in planning and radiation-induced second malignancies (RISM) risk assessment will be evaluated in several scenarios comprising photon and proton treatments.

Methods: The total dose is the voxel-wise sum of the doses from the different radiation sources (accounting for the radiobiological effectiveness) produced during the whole RT chain.

Violence Toward Social Workers in Spain and its Association with Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Anxiety.

The phenomenon of attacks on social workers has been documented worldwide, though most of the related research has been conducted in the United States. This study aims to expands the literature, analyzing the prevalence of workplace violence and associated factors among Social Work professionals in Spain. A total of 195 social workers in south-western Spain completed a questionnaire which the following variables: workplace violence, burnout, job satisfaction and anxiety.

Impact of private practice of public health workers on public health provision: Evidence from a natural experiment.

This paper analyzes the effects of private practice on public health provision in Indonesia among doctor heads of primary public health clinics known as puskesmas. We exploit the exogenous variation in the initiation of private practice after the 1997 Ministry of Health regulation 916 that mandated health professionals to apply for a license for private practice after at least three years of compulsory public service after graduation. Instrumental variable estimates, built around this threshold experience of 3 years after 1997 regulation, suggest that dual practitioners (relative to those only engaged in puskesmas) work significantly fewer hours per week at their public posts at the puskesmas but see significantly more public patients.

Prediction of total lipids and fatty acids in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) dried larvae by NIR-hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics.

The unique fatty acid composition of BSF larvae oil makes it suitable for various applications, including use in animal feed, aquaculture, biodiesel production, biomaterials, and the food industry. Determination of BSF larvae composition usually requires analytical methods with chemicals, thus needing emerging techniques for fast characterization of its composition. In this study, Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging (NIR-HSI) (928 - 2524 nm) coupled with chemometrics was applied to predict the lipid content and fatty acid composition in intact black soldier fly (BSF) larvae.