Impact of hyper- and hypothermia on cellular and whole-body physiology.

The incidence of heat-related illnesses and heatstroke continues to rise amidst global warming. Hyperthermia triggers inflammation, coagulation, and progressive multiorgan dysfunction, and, at levels above 40 °C, can even lead to cell death. Blood cells, particularly granulocytes and platelets, are highly sensitive to heat, which promotes proinflammatory and procoagulant changes.

Recurrence of chronic encapsulated hematoma following cyst formation after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a case report.

Background: Delayed radiation-induced complications after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have scarcely been described in the literature, and their incidence, pathophysiology, and treatment remain unclear. Additionally, the literature regarding these complications is confusing. The authors present a well-documented case report describing these late complications, adding evidence to the possible common pathophysiological mechanism underlying them, and illustrating an effective treatment modality when they occur.

Efficacy of the ECHOMANTRA online intervention to support recovery from anorexia nervosa in adult patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled multi-center trial.

Background: Poor quality of life in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and persistent high rates of readmission highlight the necessity of developing interventions to optimize treatment outcomes. ECHOMANTRA is a novel online intervention based on interventions for carers (Experienced Carers Helping Others, ECHO) and patients (Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults, MANTRA) with anorexia nervosa. The objective of this paper is to describe the study protocol of a randomized control trial (RCT) aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an adaptation of the ECHOMANTRA for adults AN inpatients and outpatients, and their carers, to be implemented as an add-on to treatment-as-usual (TAU).

Validity, reliability and clinical utility of ASSIST-Y in assessing risk of substance-related harm and dependence in Spanish male adolescents.

Background: Substance use among adolescents is strongly associated with adverse physical, mental health, and social outcomes. Prevention and early intervention can reduce the likelihood of future problems, but requires valid and reliable screening tools capable of assessing risk across a range of substances. This study assessed the validity, reliability, and clinical utility of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-Y) for adolescents aged 15-17 years.

Scoring of swine lung images: a comparison between a computer vision system and human evaluators.

Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) is a common lesion observed in the lungs of slaughtered pigs, often associated with Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae infection. There is a need to implement simple, fast, and valid CVPC scoring methods.

Genomic analysis and replication kinetics of the closely related EHV-1 neuropathogenic 21P40 and abortigenic 97P70 strains.

Varicellovirus equidalpha 1, formerly known as Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), is highly prevalent and can lead to various problems, such as respiratory problems, abortion, neonatal foal death, and neurological disorders. The latter is known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Cases of EHM have significantly increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century.

Assessment of a novel unidirectional mid-term absorbable barbed suture versus a competitor barbed suture for vaginal cuff closure after gynaecology surgery, study protocol of a randomized controlled trial - BARHYSTER.

Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is nowadays the standard to treat benign and malignant disease occurring in the uterus, but the number of robotic-assisted surgeries is increasing worldwide. To facilitate the handling of sutures in a bi- and tri-dimensional plane, a new type of suture material has been developed, named barbed sutures, which are in use in different indications. In comparison to conventional suture materials, the barbs anchor the suture in the tissue, provide tissue approximation and prevent slippage without the need for knot tying.

An assessment of burden associated with problem joints in children and adults with moderate or severe haemophilia A: analysis of the CHESS-Paediatrics and CHESS II cross-sectional studies.

Background: Clinical research has offered many definitions and fragmented perspectives of joint morbidity in haemophilia. As joint damage, pain and mobility impairment can be present without clinical record of persistent bleeding, a person-centric joint morbidity characterisation remained a priority for the haemophilia community, giving rise to the 'problem joint' concept. As diagnosing and managing joint morbidity is critical, the aim of this study was to analyse the holistic burden of problem joints in people with moderate or severe haemophilia A (HA).

Characterizing the early relationship between covert narcissism and cognitive empathy in medical students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In medicine, empathy refers to a predominantly cognitive attribute (rather than an emotional one), which is important as a foundation for positive physician-patient relationships. Physicians with a narcissistic personality trait have an assortment of characteristics that undermine their interpersonal functioning in clinical encounters with their patients. Evidence suggests an inverse relationship between empathy and certain characteristics of a narcissistic personality trait in general population.

Longitudinal DNA methylation profiles in saliva of offspring from mothers with gestational diabetes: associations with early childhood growth patterns.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising globally, particularly among children exposed to adverse intrauterine environments, such as those associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, have emerged as mechanisms by which early environmental exposures can predispose offspring to metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate DNA methylation differences in children born to mothers with GDM compared to non-GDM mothers, using saliva samples, and to assess the association of these epigenetic patterns with early growth measurements.

Finding the right dose: a scoping review examining facilitation as an implementation strategy for evidence-based stroke care.

Background: Despite evidence supporting interventions that improve outcomes for patients with stroke, their implementation remains suboptimal. Facilitation can support implementation of research into clinical practice by helping people develop the strategies to implement change. However, variability in the amount (dose) and type of facilitation activities/facilitator roles that make up the facilitation strategies (content), may affect the effectiveness of facilitation.

Relationship between motivational climate, anxiety and average mark in pre-service physical education teachers: a cross-sectional study based on structural equation modelling approach.

Background: Motivation is a variable that directly influences task orientation. Within the motivational sphere, the motivational climate determines whether a task is performed with an intrinsic or extrinsic.

Purpose: It has been observed that depending on motivational orientations, anxiety levels and task performance can be increased.

Genetic inbreeding load and its individual prediction for milk yield in French dairy sheep.

Background: The magnitude of inbreeding depression depends on the recessive burden of the individual, which can be traced back to the hidden (recessive) inbreeding load among ancestors. However, these ancestors carry different alleles at potentially deleterious loci and therefore there is individual variability of this inbreeding load. Estimation of the additive genetic value for inbreeding load is possible using a decomposition of inbreeding in partial inbreeding components due to ancestors.

Direct measurement of brake wear particles from a light-duty vehicle under real-world driving conditions.

As tailpipe emissions have decreased, there is a growing focus on the relative contribution of non-exhaust sources of vehicle emissions. Addressing these emissions is key to better evaluating and reducing vehicles' impact on air quality and public health. Tailoring solutions for different non-exhaust sources, including brake emissions, is essential for achieving sustainable mobility.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of thromboinflammation and inflammatory cell death in critical illnesses.

Background: Mitochondria generate the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) necessary for eukaryotic cells, serving as their primary energy suppliers, and contribute to host defense by producing reactive oxygen species. In many critical illnesses, including sepsis, major trauma, and heatstroke, the vicious cycle between activated coagulation and inflammation results in tissue hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitochondrial function contributes to thromboinflammation and cell death.

Methods: A computer-based online search was performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases for published articles concerning sepsis, trauma, critical illnesses, cell death, mitochondria, inflammation, coagulopathy, and organ dysfunction.

Dung predicts the global distribution of herbivore grazing pressure in drylands.

Dryland grazing sustains millions of people worldwide but, when poorly managed, threatens food security. Here we combine livestock and wild herbivore dung mass data from surveys at 760 dryland sites worldwide, representing independent measurements of herbivory, to generate high-resolution maps. We show that livestock and wild herbivore grazing is globally disconnected, and identify hotspots of herbivore activity across Africa, the Eurasian grasslands, India, Australia and the United States.

Impaired visual and verbal statistical learning in children with Dyslexia in a transparent orthography.

Recent research suggests that performance on Statistical Learning (SL) tasks may be lower in children with dyslexia in deep orthographies such as English. However, it is debated whether the observed difficulties may vary depending on the modality and stimulus of the task, opening a broad discussion about whether SL is a domain-general or domain-specific construct. Besides, little is known about SL in children with dyslexia who learn transparent orthographies, where the transparency of grapheme-phoneme correspondences might reduce the reliance on implicit learning processes.

Searching for the minimum required dose of daratumumab to induce effective plasma cell depletion in antibody-mediated rejection of the kidney graft: a case report.

There is no established treatment for late or chronic antibody-mediated rejection of a kidney graft. Rituximab-based treatment is not effective, since long-lived high-affinity plasma cells do not express CD20 and do not depend on previous maturation steps to generate donor-specific antibodies. Conversely, daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, directly targets plasma cells, with proven efficacy in multiple myeloma.

Second-Line Treatment Options for Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of the Clinical Evidence.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer has a poor prognosis and poses significant therapeutic challenges. Until recently, limited therapeutic options have been available for patients with advanced disease after failure of first-line chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to assess the current evidence supporting second-line treatment options in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Could Empathy Be Taught? The Role of Advanced Technologies to Foster Empathy in Medical Students and Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review.

The physician-patient relationship relies mostly on doctors' empathetic abilities to understand and manage patients' emotions, enhancing patient satisfaction and treatment adherence. With the advent of digital technologies in education, innovative empathy training methods such as virtual reality, simulation training systems, mobile apps, and wearable devices, have emerged for teaching empathy. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the efficacy of these technologies in teaching empathy, the most effective types, and the primary beneficiaries -students or advanced healthcare professionals-.

Using a citizen science approach to assess nanoplastics pollution in remote high-altitude glaciers.

Nanoplastics are suspected to pollute every environment on Earth, including very remote areas reached via atmospheric transport. We approached the challenge of measuring environmental nanoplastics by combining high-sensitivity TD-PTR-MS (thermal desorption-proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry) with trained mountaineers sampling high-altitude glaciers ("citizen science"). Particles < 1 μm were analysed for common polymers (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and tire wear particles), revealing nanoplastic concentrations ranging 2-80 ng mL at five of 14 sites.

Psychometric study of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey on Thai university students.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) is a widely used instrument to assess burnout levels, which provides valuable insight into their psychological well-being. Accurate measurement of burnout is crucial for developing interventions aimed at reducing stress and promoting mental health among students. This study aims to validate the MBI-SS when applied among Thai university students and to examine whether the psychometric properties of the scale are consistent with the original conceptual framework.

Porous carbons with complex 3D geometries via selective laser sintering of whey powder.

In addition to the inherent limitations of carbons to melt or flow, a vast majority of carbon precursors deforms during carbonisation, with stereolithography of thermoset resins being the preferred technology for 3D printing of carbons. An alternative is now presented with the possibility of using a melting-based technology, selective laser sintering (SLS), to fabricate 3D structures that withstand carbonisation. The key factor that makes this happen is whey powder, a natural, abundant and cheap by-product of the dairy industry.

On the Readiness of Scientific Data Papers for a Fair and Transparent Use in Machine Learning.

To ensure the fairness and trustworthiness of machine learning (ML) systems, recent legislative initiatives and relevant research in the ML community have pointed out the need to document the data used to train ML models. Besides, data-sharing practices in many scientific domains have evolved in recent years for reproducibility purposes. In this sense, academic institutions' adoption of these practices has encouraged researchers to publish their data and technical documentation in peer-reviewed publications such as data papers.

Absence of MCJ/DnaJC15 promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Obesity poses a global health challenge, demanding a deeper understanding of adipose tissue (AT) and its mitochondria. This study describes the role of the mitochondrial protein Methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ/DnaJC15) in orchestrating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Here we show how MCJ expression decreases during obesity, as evident in human and mouse adipose tissue samples.