Global, regional, and national trends in drug use disorder mortality rates across 73 countries from 1990 to 2021, with projections up to 2040: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: Drug use disorder (DUD) poses a major public health crisis globally, necessitating immediate attention to global trends and future projections to develop effective health policies and interventions. Thus, we aimed to estimate the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 and future projections of DUD deaths until 2040 across 73 countries.

Methods: In this time-series analysis and modelling study, we investigated the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 using the WHO Mortality Database and forecasted future trends through 2040.

Patellofemoral arthroplasty provides similar long-term survival rate and complications with better clinical outcomes compared to facetectomy for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the clinical outcomes and survival of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) in treating isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (IPFOA) at our centre. The secondary objective was to compare these results with a historical cohort treated with partial lateral facetectomy plus Insall realignment (PLFIR). We hypothesised that clinical outcomes and survival with PFA are superior to PLFIR and comparable to the literature.

GNCnn: A QuPath extension for glomerulosclerosis and glomerulonephritis characterization based on deep learning.

The digitalization of traditional glass slide microscopy into whole slide images has opened up new opportunities for pathology, such as the application of artificial intelligence techniques. Specialized software is necessary to visualize and analyze these images. One of these applications is QuPath, a popular bioimage analysis tool.

Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Compared to Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Septal Pacing: Mid-term Results and Learning Curve.

Our study evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) compared to right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing (RVOSP). We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study involving 200 consecutive patients who required pacemaker implantation. The patients were divided into two groups (LBBAP and RVOSP), with 100 patients in each group.

Functional conservation and divergence of arabidopsis VENOSA4 and human SAMHD1 in DNA repair.

The human deoxyribonucleoside triphosphatase (dNTPase) Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) has a dNTPase-independent role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). Here, we show that VENOSA4 (VEN4), the probable ortholog of SAMHD1, also functions in DSB repair by HR. The loss-of-function mutants showed increased DNA ploidy and deregulated DNA repair genes, suggesting DNA damage accumulation.

Visual image reconstructed without semantics from human brain activity using linear image decoders and nonlinear noise suppression.

In recent years, substantial strides have been made in the field of visual image reconstruction, particularly in its capacity to generate high-quality visual representations from human brain activity while considering semantic information. This advancement not only enables the recreation of visual content but also provides valuable insights into the intricate processes occurring within high-order functional brain regions, contributing to a deeper understanding of brain function. However, considering fusion semantics in reconstructing visual images from brain activity involves semantic-to-image guide reconstruction and may ignore underlying neural computational mechanisms, which does not represent true reconstruction from brain activity.

Post-testicular spermatozoa of a marine teleost can conduct cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation.

Translational silence of spermatozoa has long been considered the norm in animals. However, studies in mammals have shown that the mitochondrial ribosomal machinery is selectively activated during capacitation in the female reproductive tract, while cytosolic ribosomes remain inactive. Here, using quantitative proteomics in a piscine model species, we show that proteins involved in mRNA processing and cytoplasmic translation are predominantly accumulated in immature spermatozoa within the extratesticular excurrent ducts, while those related to flagellar motility are enriched in ejaculated (mature) sperm.

Changes in Cardiovascular Health at Midlife and Subsequent Cardiovascular Outcomes in Individuals With Diabetes.

Background: Whether improvements in cardiovascular health (CVH) in midlife mitigate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with diabetes remains underexplored.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between changes in CVH during midlife and subsequent risks of CVD events and all-cause mortality among individuals with and without diabetes.

Methods: The study utilized data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Burden of diabetes in correctional facilities: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus presents significant public health challenges worldwide. While its prevalence and management in the general population have been extensively studied, comprehensive research on diabetes among incarcerated individuals is lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and -analysis to determine the prevalence of diabetes within the prison population.

Immunotherapy against glioblastoma using backpack-activated neutrophils.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent new therapeutic candidates against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, their efficacy is clinically limited due to both local and systemic immunosuppressive environments. Hence, therapeutic approaches that stimulate local and systemic immune environments can improve the efficacy of ICIs. Here, we report an adoptive cell therapy employing neutrophils (NE) that are activated via surface attachment of drug-free disk-shaped backpacks, termed Cyto-Adhesive Micro-Patches (CAMPs) for treating GBM.

SGLT2i and Primary Prevention of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes.

Background: Specific cancer treatments can lead to cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can potentially prevent these cardiotoxic effects.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether SGLT2i use is associated with a lower incidence of CTRCD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, exposed to potentially cardiotoxic antineoplastic agents, and without a prior documented history of cardiomyopathy or heart failure.

Real-World Treatment Outcomes of an Artificial Tear Containing Arabinogalactan, Hyaluronic Acid and Trehalose Among Subjects with Dry Eye.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy, adherence, and tolerability of a new artificial tear based on arabinogalactan, hyaluronic acid, and trehalose in a population with dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: A retrospective, real-world, post-marketing study identified 96 adult patients (aged 18-80 years) with signs and symptoms of dry eye. These patients received fixed combination therapy with eye drops containing arabinogalactan, hyaluronic acid, and trehalose at various dosing schedules.

Decoupling many-body interactions in the CeO(111) oxygen vacancy structure with statistical learning and cluster expansion.

Oxygen vacancies (V's) are of paramount importance in influencing the properties and applications of ceria (CeO). Yet, comprehending the distribution and nature of V's poses a significant challenge due to the vast number of electronic configurations and intricate many-body interactions among V's and polarons (Ce ions). In this study, we established a cluster expansion model based on first-principles calculations and statistical learning to decouple the interactions among the Ce ions and V's, thereby circumventing the limitations associated with sampling electronic configurations.

Impact of Daytime and Nighttime Blood Pressure and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Fall on Heart Failure Risk in Treated Hypertension.

Background: To evaluate the impact of daytime, nighttime and nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall on heart failure (HF).

Methods: We analyzed data of five cohorts including 15,526 treated hypertensive patients, experiencing 625 HF events, by study-level meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 1-SD increase in BP parameters or per group were calculated.

Psychometric properties of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) in adult Mexican cancer patients with chronic pain.

Background: Pain is a frequent symptom in cancer patients (CP), and its multidimensional assessment is essential for a comprehensive approach and to establish clinical prognoses. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) is an internationally recognized tool for the multidimensional assessment of pain, both in clinical and research settings. However, no studies have been reported in Latin America that determine its psychometric properties in CP and chronic pain.

How Do Psychiatry Residents View Their Training in Spain? A Mixed-Method Survey.

Background: Efforts to improve psychiatry training must incorporate residents' assessment of their training. This study sought to collect the opinion of residents about the program that has been in force in Spain since 2008, until the current transition to a new plan.

Methods: The authors conducted an online survey of psychiatry residents in Spain, asking about their formative and working conditions.

Evolution of Well-Being and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was a global public health crisis with an unparalleled impact worldwide, presenting a significant challenge for both physical and mental health. The main objective of this study was to analyze the risk of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this was affected by sociodemographic factors, pandemic fatigue, risk perception, trust in institutions, and perceived self-efficacy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Region of Murcia through two online surveys completed by 1000 people in June 2021 (Round 1) and March 2022 (Round 2).

Disgust and Other Negative Emotions in the Relationship between Mental Contamination and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Mental contamination (MC) refers to feelings of internal filthiness associated with contamination obsessions. Ego-dystonic memories and thoughts can trigger MC, although it can also be activated by trauma, which is associated with the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research shows that MC, negative emotions and PTSD can occur simultaneously.

Interdisciplinary Approaches in Psychiatric Research: From Neural Dynamics to Clinical Applications in Schizophrenia.

This editorial explores the dynamic psychiatric research field by focusing on interdisciplinary approaches to understand the complexity of mental disorders by placing particular emphasis on schizophrenia. It highlights the need to integrate findings from diverse scientific disciplines, such as neuroscience, computational modeling and genomics, to unravel the multifaceted nature of these conditions. The potential of interdisciplinary research to transform our knowledge and the treatment of psychiatric disorders is underscored by moving beyond traditional models and developing more nuanced frameworks to more effectively address these complexities.

PACOPED QL: Development and evaluation of the quality-of-life scale for children with life-threatening illnesses.

Objectives: This study aims to validate the Palliative and Complex Chronic Pediatric Patients QoL Inventory (PACOPED QL), a new quality-of-life (QoL) assessment tool for pediatric palliative patients with complex chronic conditions. The goal is to create a comprehensive and inclusive instrument tailored to this unique population, addressing the gap in existing tools that do not meet these specific needs.

Methods: The validation process included a literature review and consultations with experts.

Early career psychiatrists' perceptions of and training experience in electroconvulsive therapy: A cross-sectional survey across Europe.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for several major psychiatric conditions, including treatment-resistant depression, mania, and schizophrenia; nevertheless, its use remains controversial. Despite its availability in some European countries, ECT is still rarely used in others. This study aims to investigate the experiences and attitudes of early career psychiatrists (ECPs) across Europe towards ECT and to examine how their exposure to ECT influences their perceptions.

Empowering Sustainable Energy: Lead-Coated Plastic Chip Electrodes for Effective CO Reduction.

Electrochemical CO reduction is crucial in combatting climate change and advancing sustainable energy practices by converting CO into valuable chemicals and fuels, thereby reducing atmospheric CO levels and enabling the storage and utilization of renewable energy from intermittent sources like solar and wind. The selection of electrode materials and platform design plays a critical role in enhancing reaction efficiency and product selectivity during CO reduction. Various metals, both in their solid forms and coated over substrates, have been used in electrochemical CORR.

Exploring molecule-surface interactions of urania IR spectroscopy and density functional theory.

Within the framework of surface-adsorbate interactions relevant to chemical reactions of spent nuclear fuel, the study of actinide oxide systems remains one of the most challenging tasks at both the experimental and computational levels. Consequently, our understanding of the effect of their unique electronic configurations on surface reactions lags behind that of d-block oxides. To investigate the surface properties of this system, we present the first infrared spectroscopy analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) interaction with a monocrystalline actinide oxide, UO(111).