IRF5 as a potential immunological biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: In the clinic, the primary conventional treatments of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in optimizing therapeutic benefits when combined with other immunotherapies or standard therapies. However, effective biomarkers for distant metastasis or recurrence have yet to be identified, making it difficult to determine the best therapeutic approaches.

Safety and efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia in patients with head and neck cancer: a multicenter, prospective, observational, real-world study.

Background: Mecapegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, is approved in China for neutropenia prevention. However, data on its safety and efficacy in patients with head and neck cancer remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia among these patients undergoing chemotherapy, particularly those receiving chemoradiotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy.

ANFIS-PSO analysis on axisymmetric tetra hybrid nanofluid flow of Cu-CNT-Graphene-Tio with WEG-Blood under linear thermal radiation and inclined magnetic field: A bio-medicine application.

Background: The development of heat transfer devices used for heat conversion and recovery in several industrial and residential applications has long focused on improving heat transfer between two parallel plates. Numerous articles have examined the relevance of enhancing thermal performance for the system's performance and economics. Heat transport is improved by increasing the Reynolds number as the turbulent effects grow.

Deep cascaded registration and weakly-supervised segmentation of fetal brain MRI.

Deformable image registration is a cornerstone of many medical image analysis applications, particularly in the context of fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where precise registration is essential for studying the rapidly evolving fetal brain during pregnancy and potentially identifying neurodevelopmental abnormalities. While deep learning has become the leading approach for medical image registration, traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) often fall short in capturing fine image details due to their bias toward low spatial frequencies. To address this challenge, we introduce a deep learning registration framework comprising multiple cascaded convolutional networks.

The Supracerebellar Suprapineal Approach: A Novel Method to Separate Cadaveric Brain Hemispheres and Preserve the Midline Structures.

Objectives: To describe a novel technique for dissecting cadaver brains without damaging medial brain structures and surfaces, ensuring preservation for neuroanatomical study and training.

Methods: Ten adult cadaveric brains were dissected using the supracerebellar suprapineal approach under an operative microscope with 6x to 40x magnification. This approach allowed for the separation of the brain into two hemispheres while providing direct visualization of the third ventricle and preserving midline structures.

Colorectal and gastric cancer and its association with dietary patterns in Colombia.

Introduction: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the Americas. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer, while stomach cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution are risk factors for these cancers.

Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Patients With Undifferentiated Febrile Illness in India Using a Flow Chip Assay.

Background: Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) play a crucial role in human morbidity and mortality, as ticks are highly effective in spreading diseases by transmitting harmful pathogens to humans and animals. The last few decades have seen an increase in the number of recognized tick-borne pathogens and the incidence of TBD worldwide. Several of these diseases are ubiquitous in India.

Polyoxometalate-ionic liquids (POM-ILs) - a new type of ionic liquid additive family for lubricants.

The focus on energy efficiency to move towards a more sustainable use of resources has intensified efforts to minimize friction and wear in mechanical systems, which account for 23% of the world's energy consumption. In this study, polyoxometalate ionic liquids (POM-ILs) are introduced as environmentally acceptable lubricant additives, for their potential friction-reducing and anti-wear (AW) properties. These compounds, characterized by their complex structures and tunable properties, have been investigated for their tribological performance across base fluids of varying polarities.

Design concepts for advanced-technology intraocular lenses [Invited].

An intraocular lens (IOL) replaces the natural crystalline lens during cataract surgery, and although the vast majority of implants have simple optics, "advanced technology" IOLs have multifocal and extended depth of focus (EDOF) properties. Optical concepts are evaluated here, with image contrast, focal range, and unwanted visual phenomena being the primary concerns. Visual phenomena with earlier bifocal diffractive lenses led to alternative diffractive designs (trifocals, etc.

Stigmatising young people with intellectual disability: Perceptions of the main stakeholders at a Spanish university.

Background: One of the main challenges facing individuals with an intellectual disability is the stigma associated with the various obstacles that hinder their process of full integration. Despite the efforts made, more research is called for to explore the reference environments and reveal how public and self-stigma are perceived in higher education. This scientific paper's overriding aim is to analyse how different university stakeholders (students, lecturers, and admin and service staff) perceive the presence of young people with intellectual disability.

Initiatives to support the school-to-work transition of people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities may find difficulties in their school-to-work transition. The current study aimed to determine which factors have been investigated and which are relevant to this transition process.

Method: A systematic review was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included studies published between 2011 and 2023 on initiatives that facilitate the school-to-work transition.

Carbon-carbon bond formation and cleavage at redox active bis(pyridylimino)isoindole (BPI) germylene compounds.

Redox-active ligands provide alternative reaction pathways by facilitating redox events. Among these, tridentate bis(piridylimino)isoindole (BPI) fragments offer great potential, though their redox-active behaviour remains largely underdeveloped. We describe herein a family of BPI germanium(II) complexes and the study of their redox properties.

Determination of collagen types and mineral contents in fish skin and collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates before and after simulated digestion.

An digestion model was established to characterize the types of collagens in skin of cod, white fish, and salmon as well as their collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates (CSPH) before and after digestion. Moreover, the mineral content and their bioaccessibility were evaluated. Finally, the presence of heavy metals was evaluated to assess the safety of these products.

Pre-Fusion Shape Changes of Humeral Metaphyseal Surfaces: A New Method for Assessing Maturity and Age in Non-Adult Skeletal Individuals.

Objectives: The current research delves into the use of 3D geometric morphometric for assessing shifts in maturity within both the proximal and distal humeral metaphyses. It mainly focuses on establishing correlations between these shifts and the shape changes observed in the corresponding epiphyses established through radiographic imaging.

Material And Methods: The total sample comprises 120 right-side proximal humeral metaphyses and 91 right-side distal humeral metaphyses.

Could Better-Quality Employment Improve Population Health? Findings From a Scoping Review of Multi-Dimensional Employment Quality Research and a Proposed Research Direction.

Background: Precarious employment, a specific part of the conceptual spectrum of employment quality (EQ), has been established as an important risk to individual and population health and well-being when compared to a standard employment circumstance. There remains a need, however, to explore whether and how EQ might be used as a tool to not only protect but also advance population health and well-being.

Methods: The purposes of this scoping review were to assess the analytic treatment of the multiple dimensions of EQ and the stances researchers take to characterize the state of knowledge of EQ that supports the idea that better EQ is a health-promoting factor.

Effectiveness of Body Remodeling and Cellulite Appearance Improvement Treatments in the Thighs Using Symmed Radiofrequency Device.

Background: Aging associated with the passage of time causes alterations in subcutaneous tissues and the overall appearance of the skin that generate aesthetic unconformities in people. Within the wide range of available techniques on the market, radiofrequency (RF) diathermy has emerged as one of the most used non-invasive methods to combat them.

Objective: This clinical trial aims to determine and quantify the effectiveness and safety of the high-frequency RF-based device Symmed (Termosalud Inc.

Determinants of Dropout From a Virtual Agent-Based App for Insomnia Management in a Self-Selected Sample of Users With Insomnia Symptoms: Longitudinal Study.

Background: Fully automated digital interventions delivered via smartphone apps have proven efficacious for a wide variety of mental health outcomes. An important aspect is that they are accessible at a low cost, thereby increasing their potential public impact and reducing disparities. However, a major challenge to their successful implementation is the phenomenon of users dropping out early.

Nutritional Changes to Improve Female Fertility: Role of Obesity, Hormones, Dietary Patterns and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.

Importance: Infertility affects around 180 million people in the world and can be influenced by a number of nutritional factors.

Objective: The idea of a pretreatment optimization including beneficial weight loss, adequate physical activity, and good lifestyle habits could enhance fertility for many couples who want to conceive a baby.

Results: There are different aspects related to nutrition, such as obesity (affecting 23%-30% of reproductive-aged women), dietary patterns (type of diet, good or bad habits, and physical activity), nutrients (vitamins or minerals), hormones (adipokines, among others), and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (phytoestrogens and bisphenol A, among others) that have a clear impact on women's fertility.

Drug Delivery Applications of Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent-in-Water Nanoemulsions: A Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound Emulsification and Membrane-Assisted Nanoemulsification.

The emergence of green chemistry and engineering principles to enforce sustainability aspects has ensured the prevalence of green solvents and green processes. Our study addresses this quest by exploring drug delivery applications of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) which are alternative green solvents. Initially, this work showcases the hydrophobic drug solubilization capabilities of a natural hydrophobic DES, menthol, and decanoic acid.

Impact of Botfly Parasitism on the Behavior of Mantled Howler Monkeys.

Parasitism, a widespread nutrient acquisition strategy among animals, results from a long evolutionary history where one species derives its metabolic needs from another. Parasites can significantly reduce host fitness, affecting reproduction, growth, and survivability. Vertebrate hosts exhibit defensive strategies against parasites, including "sickness behaviors" such as lethargy and self-grooming to remove ectoparasites.

Target site mutations and metabolic detoxification of insecticides in continental populations of Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

In recent decades, the common and the tropical bed bugs have experienced a resurgence in many parts of the world. The evolution of insecticide resistance in bed bug populations is considered a significant factor contributing to this resurgence. We analyzed samples of Cimex lectularius L.

Recombinant Klotho administration after myocardial infarction reduces ischaemic injury and arrhythmias by blocking intracellular calcium mishandling and CaMKII activation.

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of death and morbidity. Klotho is a well-known anti-ageing factor with relevant cardioprotective actions, at least when renal dysfunction is present, but its actions are much less known when renal function is preserved. This study investigated Klotho as a biomarker and potential novel treatment of IHD-associated complications after myocardial infarction (MI) under preserved renal function.

Multi-omics analysis in inclusion body myositis identifies mir-16 responsible for HLA overexpression.

Background: Inclusion Body Myositis is an acquired muscle disease. Its pathogenesis is unclear due to the co-existence of inflammation, muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to provide a more advanced understanding of the disease by combining multi-omics analysis with prior knowledge.