Disease burden of influenza in Spain: A five-season study (2015-2020).

Influenza accounts for 30% of the total morbidity and mortality in the European Union. However, the specific burden in different European countries is largely unknown, and more research is needed to ascertain the reality of this disease. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the burdens of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in Spain over five seasons (2015-2020) via publicly available Minimum Basic Datasets (MDBS).

Guidelines International Network: Principles for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Guideline Enterprise.

Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined by the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Commission as "systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions-with some degree of autonomy-to achieve specific goals." Artificial intelligence has the potential to support guideline planning, development and adaptation, reporting, implementation, impact evaluation, certification, and appraisal of recommendations, which we will refer to as "guideline enterprise." Considering this potential, as well as the lack of guidance for the use of AI in guidelines, the Guidelines International Network (GIN) proposes a set of principles for the development and use of AI tools or processes to support the health guideline enterprise.

Cross-Cultural Sense-Making of Global Health Crises: A Text Mining Study of Public Opinions on Social Media Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developed and Developing Economies.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped social dynamics, fostering reliance on social media for information, connection, and collective sense-making. Understanding how citizens navigate a global health crisis in varying cultural and economic contexts is crucial for effective crisis communication.

Objective: This study examines the evolution of citizen collective sense-making during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing social media discourse across Italy, the United Kingdom, and Egypt, representing diverse economic and cultural contexts.

Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants and Eligibility Criteria for Genetic Testing in Patients Who Visit a Memory Clinic.

Background And Objectives: Identifying genetic causes of dementia in patients visiting memory clinics is important for patient care and family planning. Traditional clinical selection criteria for genetic testing may miss carriers of pathogenic variants in dementia-related genes. This study aimed identify how many carriers we are missing and to optimize criteria for selecting patients for genetic counseling in memory clinics.

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions With Large Ischemic Strokes: Insights From the SELECT2 Trial.

Background And Objectives: Although previous trials have established the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in large ischemic core strokes, most of them excluded patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with e-ICA occlusion and large ischemic core infarcts treated with EVT vs medical management (MM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted at 31 international sites.

Elective Discontinuation of Larotrectinib in Pediatric Patients With TRK Fusion Sarcomas and Related Mesenchymal Tumors.

Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with efficacy in children with TRK fusion tumors. We evaluated patient outcomes after elective discontinuation of larotrectinib in the absence of disease progression in a protocol-defined wait-and-see subset analysis of eligible patients where treatment resumption with larotrectinib was allowed if disease progressed. We also assessed the safety and efficacy of larotrectinib in all pediatric patients with sarcoma.

Structure Protects Function: A Multilevel Engineered Surface Modification Renders the Surface of Titanium Dental Implants Resistant to Bacterial Colonization.

The global dental implant market is projected to reach $9.5 billion by 2032, growing at a 6.5% compound annual growth rate due to the rising prevalence of dental diseases.

Daytime DNase-I Administration Protects Mice From Ischemic Stroke Without Inducing Bleeding or tPA-Induced Hemorrhagic Transformation, Even With Aspirin Pretreatment.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke treatment typically involves tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or tenecteplase, but about 50% of patients do not achieve successful reperfusion. The causes of tPA resistance, influenced by thrombus composition and timing, are not fully clear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), associated with poor outcomes and reperfusion resistance, contribute to thrombosis.

Age-related change in inhibitory processes when controlling working memory capacity and processing speed: A confirmatory factor analysis.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the age-related changes in inhibitory control of 450 children at the ages of 7-8, 11-12, and 14-16 when controlling for working memory capacity (WMC) and processing speed to determine whether inhibition is an independent factor far beyond its possible reliance on the other two factors. This examination is important for several reasons. First, empirical evidence about age-related changes of inhibitory control is controversial.

Dual-hybrid intrusion detection system to detect False Data Injection in smart grids.

Modernizing power systems into smart grids has introduced numerous benefits, including enhanced efficiency, reliability, and integration of renewable energy sources. However, this advancement has also increased vulnerability to cyber threats, particularly False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs). Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) often fall short in identifying sophisticated FDIAs due to their reliance on predefined rules and signatures.

Identifying Parental Feeding Patterns in a Spanish Sample of Toddlers Using a Latent Class Analysis.

Parental feeding styles are an important factor influencing child development. Traditionally, they have been classified into four styles based on cut-off points for responsiveness and demandingness. However, alternative methods, such as latent class analysis (LCA), allow for the detection of underlying homogeneous populations.

An MRI assessment of mechanisms underlying lesion growth and shrinkage in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the pathological mechanisms contributing to white matter (WM) lesion expansion or contraction and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We assessed 1,613 lesions in 49 people with relapsing-remitting MS in the CCMR-One bexarotene trial (EudraCT 2014-003145-99). We measured lesion orientation relative to WM tracts, surface-in gradients and veins.

New Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders Redefine Management of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) are pure estrogen receptor antagonists that have the potential to overcome common resistance mechanisms to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. There are currently five oral SERDs in published and ongoing clinical trials-elacestrant, camizestrant, giredestrant, imlunestrant, and amcenestrant-with more in development. They offer a reasonably well-tolerated oral therapy option with low discontinuation rates in studies.

Folding and Functionalizing DNA Origami: A Versatile Approach Using a Reactive Polyamine.

DNA nanotechnology is a powerful synthetic approach to crafting diverse nanostructures through self-assembly. Chemical decoration of such nanostructures is often required to tailor their properties for specific applications. In this Letter, we introduce a pioneering method to direct the assembly and enable the functionalization of DNA nanostructures using an azide-bearing functional polyamine.

Virtual 3D models, augmented reality systems and virtual laparoscopic simulations in complicated pancreatic surgeries: state of art, future perspectives, and challenges.

Pancreatic surgery is considered one of the most challenging interventions by many surgeons, mainly due to retroperitoneal location and proximity to key and delicate vascular structures. These factors make pancreatic resection a demanding procedure, with successful rates far from optimal and frequent postoperative complications. Surgical planning is essential to improve patient outcomes, and in this regard, many technological advances made in the last few years have proven to be extremely useful in medical fields.

Gut microbiota and its impact on critical illness.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review discusses the mechanisms connecting gut dysbiosis to adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and explores potential therapeutic strategies.

Recent Findings: In recent years, the study of microbiota in ICUs has gained attention because of its potential effects on patient outcomes. Critically ill patients often face severe conditions, which can compromise their immune systems and lead to opportunistic infections from bacteria typically harmless to healthy individuals.

Evaluation of developmental toxicity of chlorpyrifos through new approach methodologies: a systematic review.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide of concern because many in vivo animal studies have demonstrated developmental toxicity exerted by this substance; however, despite its widespread use, evidence from epidemiological studies is still limited. In this study, we have collected all the information generated in the twenty-first century on the developmental toxicity of CPF using new approach methodologies. We have critically evaluated and integrated information coming from 70 papers considering human, rodent, avian and fish models.

Impact of low back and neck pain on the Spanish women-workers' health: effectiveness of a Back School.

Background: Neck and back pain pathologies are currently the main cause of absenteeism from work in Spain and in the European Union, and represent a high socio-labor, economic and health cost for the Health Systems.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a Back School Program of a Spanish mutual insurance company (risk factors, pain and disability scales) in women workers with low back or neck pain.

Design: We combined a descriptive study of first-session data collected in the total sample and a prospective multicenter intervention study in those participants who completed the second and third check-up at 6 and 9 months.

Diels-Alder Cycloaddition of Cyclopentadiene to C and Si and Their Endohedral Li Counterparts.

Both silicon and carbon are elements located in group 14 on the periodic table. Despite some similarities between these two elements, differences in reactivity are important, and whereas carbon is a central element in all known forms of life, silicon is barely found in biological systems. Here, we investigate the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentadiene (CP) and cyclopentasildiene (CP) with fullerenes C, Li@C, Si, and Li@Si using density functional theory methods.

The role of the microbiome in skin cancer development and treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Recent research underscores the significant influence of the skin and gut microbiota on melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development and treatment outcomes. This review aims to synthesize current findings on how microbiota modulates immune responses, particularly enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Recent Findings: The microbiota's impact on skin cancer is multifaceted, involving immune modulation, inflammation, and metabolic interactions.

Operationalising a Haemophilia Gene Editing Lexicon for Practical Use.

Introduction: Gene editing therapies offer the possibility of substantial improvement in treatment and quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) in a landscape of dynamic therapeutic advancement. Developing a common and understandable language to discuss gene editing will be essential to ensure these treatments can be deployed in a safe and effective manner with fully informed and shared decision-making between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PWH. A lexicon explaining and clarifying key concepts is one potential tool to address these aims.

A Recursive Model Approach to Include Epigenetic Effects in Genetic Evaluations Using Simulated DNA Methylation Effects.

The advancement of epigenetics has highlighted DNA methylation as an intermediate-omic influencing gene regulation and phenotypic expression. With emerging technologies enabling the large-scale and affordable capture of methylation data, there is growing interest in integrating this information into genetic evaluation models for animal breeding. This study used methylome information from six dairy cows to simulate the methylation profile of 13,183 genotyped animals.

Multicenter validation of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnostic criteria.

Background: Five fulfilled hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-2004 criteria, and the HScore are widely used and recommended by international expert consensus to diagnose secondary HLH. Both diagnostic scores have never been validated in heterogeneous patient cohorts of secondary HLH patients. We aimed to systematically optimize and validate diagnostic criteria of secondary HLH using a multicenter approach.