The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 as a recall response susceptible to immune imprinting: A prospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 does not follow the immunoglobulin isotype pattern of primary responses, conflicting with the current interpretation of COVID-19.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of 191 SARS-CoV-2 infection cases and 44 controls from the second wave of COVID-19. The study stratified patients by severity and analyzed the trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and multiple immune variables.

Dual-task resistance training improves strength and reduces pain more than resistance exercise alone in elbow fracture rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine the effects on strength, pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), and functionality of a 12-week dual-task resistance exercise program in patients undergoing rehabilitation from elbow fractures.

Design: Randomized Controlled Trial SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: Individuals undergoing elbow fracture rehabilitation.

Measuring the impact of hospitalisation for infectious diseases on the quality of life of older patients in four European countries: the AEQUI longitudinal matched cohort study (2020-2023).

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of hospitalisation for infectious diseases on the Health-Related Quality of life (HRQOL), multidimensional frailty, and functioning of older patients, we conducted a longitudinal matched cohort study in four European countries.

Methods: HRQOL, frailty, and functioning were assessed using validated questionnaires at inclusion, at discharge, and up to six months later (M6) in patients aged over 65 years hospitalised for severe acute respiratory or bloodstream infections, and matched controls hospitalised for non-infectious conditions. Comparative analyses employed multilevel mixed-effect linear or logistic models to assess changes from inclusion.

Genome assemblies and other genomic tools for understanding insect adaptation.

Insects, the most diverse group of animals, exhibit remarkable adaptability, playing both crucial and problematic roles in ecosystems. Recent advancements in genomic technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic foundations of insect adaptation. This review explores key methodologies, including de novo and reference-guided genome assemblies, and highlights cutting-edge technologies like second and third-generation sequencing, and hybrid techniques.

Non-coding RNAs as mediators of epithelial - Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastatic colorectal cancers.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, necessitating the development of innovative treatment strategies. Recent research has underscored the significant role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CRC pathogenesis, offering new avenues for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we delve into the intricate roles of various ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in CRC progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and drug resistance.

The Implementation of a Feeding Protocol in Patients With Noninvasive Ventilation Improves Enteral Nutrition: The NIVEN Study.

Purpose: There is limited evidence to guide the treatment of enteral nutrition (EN) for children with bronchiolitis who receive biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) support.

Methods: This quality improvement project included patients with bronchiolitis who were supported by BiPAP ventilation. An algorithm to increase EN treatment in those patients was created by stakeholders.

Pulmonary embolism and obstructive sleep apnea.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain a major health issue worldwide with potential overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. PE, the most severe form of venous thromboembolism, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, presenting challenges in management and prevention, especially in high-risk populations. OSA is a prevalent condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway closure resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.

Hunger Games: A Role for cAMP.

The established dogma about regulation of feeding is based on the interaction amongst hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. However, the molecular underpinnings of those interactions remain unclear. A recent article published in by first demonstrated that the transition between hunger and satiety depends on the regulation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) providing novel insights on the spatial and temporal basis by which neuropeptides act.

Baclofen modulates the immune response after spinal cord injury with locomotor benefits.

Background And Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological condition that affects motor and sensory functions below the injury site. The consequences of SCI are devastating for the patients, and although significant efforts have been done in the last years, there is no effective therapy. Baclofen has emerged in the last few years as an interesting drug in the SCI field.

Ergothioneine improves healthspan of aged animals by enhancing cGPDH activity through CSE-dependent persulfidation.

Ergothioneine (ET), a dietary thione/thiol, is receiving growing attention for its possible benefits in healthy aging and metabolic resilience. Our study investigates ET's effects on healthspan in aged animals, revealing lifespan extension and enhanced mobility in Caenorhabditis elegans, accompanied by improved stress resistance and reduced age-associated biomarkers. In aged rats, ET administration enhances exercise endurance, muscle mass, and vascularization, concomitant with higher NAD levels in muscle.

Viremic non-progression in HIV/SIV infection: A tied game between virus and host.

High-efficacy antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been a game-changer for HIV/AIDS pandemic, but incomplete CD4 T cell recovery and persistent chronic immune activation still affect HIV-suppressed people. Exceptional cases of HIV infection that naturally exhibit delayed disease progression provide invaluable insights into protective biological mechanisms with potential clinical application. Viremic non-progressors (VNPs) represent an extremely rare population of individuals with HIV, characterized by preservation of the CD4 T cell compartment despite persistent high levels of viral load (>10,000 copies/mL).

Is living close to a drug treatment centre associated with stigma?

Background: Multiple studies have documented stigma towards people who use drugs, but a less well studied aspect of stigmatisation is the phenomenon known as "not in my backyard," The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between living near a drug treatment centre and the degree of perceived public stigma, as well as to identify differences among sociodemographic profiles.

Methods: Based on the Barcelona Health Survey (N=3270), public stigma was defined as scores at or above the 66th percentile of an index of 2 questions on the general population's perceptions of people who use drugs as failures and as dangerous (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84).

Epidemiology, Ventilation Management, and Outcomes in Invasively Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: An Analysis of Four Observational Studies in Four Countries on Two Continents.

Epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described extensively but have never been compared between countries. We performed an individual patient data analysis of four observational studies to compare epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcomes. We used propensity score weighting to control for confounding factors.

Efficacy of a Mobile Health-Based Behavioral Treatment for Lifestyle Modification in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: Greenhabit Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Enhancing self-management in health care through digital tools is a promising strategy to empower patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to improve self-care.

Objective: This study evaluates whether the Greenhabit (mobile health [mHealth]) behavioral treatment enhances T2D outcomes compared with standard care.

Methods: A 12-week, parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 123 participants (62/123, 50%, female; mean age 58.

Carboxylate-Terminated Electrode Surfaces Improve the Performance of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors.

Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors are a molecular measurement platform that enables the continuous, real-time measurement of a wide range of drugs and biomarkers in situ in the living body. EAB sensors are fabricated by depositing a thiol-modified, target-binding aptamer on the surface of a gold electrode, followed by backfilling with an alkanethiol to form a self-assembled monolayer. And while the majority of previously described EAB sensors have employed hydroxyl-terminated monolayers, a handful of studies have shown that altering the monolayer headgroup can strongly affect sensor performance.

Unraveling the Role of Alkali on Cobalt Catalyst Performance in Ethanol Steam Reforming by Operando DRIFT Studies and DFT Modeling.

Hydrogen, a sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel, can be obtained through the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) process. The most promising catalysts for this process are those based on non-noble metals such as cobalt. The activity, selectivity, and stability of these catalysts strongly depend on the presence of alkali dopants.

Prefrontal 5α-reductase 2 mediates male-specific acute stress response.

A key response to acute stress is the increased brain synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AP). Although the rate-limiting step of this reaction is catalyzed by 5α-reductase (5αR), the role of its two primary isoenzymes, 5αR1 and 5αR2, in stress reactivity remains unclear. Here, we found that acute stress led to increased levels of 5αR2, but not 5αR1, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male, but not female, rats.

A neuromechanics solution for adjustable robot compliance and accuracy.

Robots have to adjust their motor behavior to changing environments and variable task requirements to successfully operate in the real world and physically interact with humans. Thus, robotics strives to enable a broad spectrum of adjustable motor behavior, aiming to mimic the human ability to function in unstructured scenarios. In humans, motor behavior arises from the integrative action of the central nervous system and body biomechanics; motion must be understood from a neuromechanics perspective.

Structure Matters: Tailored Graphitization of Carbon Dots Enhances Photocatalytic Performance.

The chemical structure and photoredox properties of carbon dots () are not yet fully understood. However, it has been reported that, by carefully choosing the starting materials and tuning their synthesis conditions, it is possible to obtain with different chemical structures and therefore different photocatalytic performance. For this work, a family of different was synthesized in Milli-Q water a microwave-assisted protocol, using citric acid and urea as precursors.

Effects of a 6-month rowing training program in breast cancer survivors.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine the effects of a rowing training program on physical fitness and body composition in female breast cancer survivors (56.78 ± 6.38 years).

Proper 5'-3' cotranslational mRNA decay in yeast requires import of Xrn1 to the nucleus.

The budding yeast Xrn1 protein shuttles between the nucleus, where it stimulates transcription, and the cytoplasm, where it executes the major cytoplasmic mRNA decay. In the cytoplasm, apart from catalyzing 5'→3' decay onto non translated mRNAs, Xrn1 can follow the last translating ribosome to degrade the decapped mRNA template, a process known as "cotranslational mRNA decay". We have previously observed that the import of Xrn1 to the nucleus is required for efficient cytoplasmic mRNA decay.

Cofactors facilitate bona fide prion misfolding in vitro but are not necessary for the infectivity of recombinant murine prions.

Prion diseases, particularly sporadic cases, pose a challenge due to their complex nature and heterogeneity. The underlying mechanism of the spontaneous conversion from PrPC to PrPSc, the hallmark of prion diseases, remains elusive. To shed light on this process and the involvement of cofactors, we have developed an in vitro system that faithfully mimics spontaneous prion misfolding using minimal components.

Comparative safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in key subgroups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: A cohort study based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).

Background: Risk factors and comorbidities can complicate management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. We describe and compare real-world safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in subgroups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation at high risk for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, utilizing data from a national quasi-exhaustive French database.

Methods: Anticoagulant-naïve adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with ≥1 gastrointestinal bleeding risk factor, initiating anticoagulant treatment January 2016-December 2019, and covered by the French national health data system were eligible.