Diet Quality, Healthy Dietary Restrictions, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Food Deserts Among the Elderly in Spain.

Background/objectives: Food deserts are areas characterized by limited access to affordable and healthy food, often due to significant distances from supermarkets-exceeding 1.6 km in urban areas and 16 km in rural settings. These spatial limitations exacerbate health and socioeconomic disparities.

Impact of Early Childhood Malnutrition on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults from Marginalized Areas of Chiapas, Mexico.

The presence of malnutrition in early life is a determining factor in the onset of metabolic alterations and chronic diseases in adults. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of malnutrition in early childhood with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood in marginalized populations from Chiapas, Mexico. The present investigation was based on a prospective cohort study that began in 2002, with young adults aged 18 to 25 years belonging to region in Chiapas, Mexico.

Cross-Sectional Study on the Influence of Religion on the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food in Spanish Schoolchildren in North Africa.

(1) Background: The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) constitutes a public health problem given their high availability and easy accessibility among children and young people and their influence on the development of non-communicable diseases in the long term. In this context, culture and religion may be modulating factors for the consumption of processed food. The aim of this study is to assess the consumption of UPFs in Spanish schoolchildren living in Melilla (North Africa), together with the possible impact of religion on this.

Effect of a Novel Food Rich in Miraculin on the Intestinal Microbiome of Malnourished Patients with Cancer and Dysgeusia.

Background/objectives: Dysgeusia contributes to malnutrition and worsens the quality of life of patients with cancer. Despite the different strategies, there is no effective treatment for patients suffering from taste disorders provided by the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy for reducing side effects in cancer patients by providing a novel food supplement with the taste-modifying glycoprotein miraculin, which is approved by the European Union, as an adjuvant to medical-nutritional therapy.

Impact of Caffeine Intake on Female Basketball Players' Performance.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the effect of caffeine ingestion on basketball performance in semi-professional female players.

Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized experimental design was conducted, in two different periods separated by a week. Twelve female basketball players ingested 3 mg of caffeine/kg of body mass or a placebo.

Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with Inflammation Amelioration and Cognitive Improvement in Decompensated Patients with Cirrhosis.

Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by systemic inflammation and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cognitive disturbances in which ammonia and inflammation play a synergistic pathogenic role. Extraskeletal functions of vitamin D include immunomodulation, and its deficiency has been implicated in immune dysfunction and different forms of cognitive impairment.

Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Inherited Metabolic Disorders at Risk of Hypoglycemia.

Background: This study addresses hypoglycemia in adults with inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), highlighting the importance of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). Despite the elevated risk of hypoglycemia in an important group of these diseases, the use of isCGM remains uncommon and there is limited evidence supporting its effectiveness.

Methods: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was performed in 18 adults with IMDs, evaluating the use of isCGM for 2 months.

Trends in Dehydration in Older People: Identifying Landmark Scientific Contributions.

Background: Dehydration and low fluid intake cause the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance in older adults and increase their morbi-mortality.

Objective: To analyse the scientific production on dehydration in older adults.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Interactive Coupling Relaxation of Dipoles and Wagner Charges in the Amorphous State of Polymers Induced by Thermal and Electrical Stimulations: A Dual-Phase Open Dissipative System Perspective.

This paper addresses the author's current understanding of the physics of interactions in polymers under a voltage field excitation. The effect of a voltage field coupled with temperature to induce space charges and dipolar activity in dielectric materials can be measured by very sensitive electrometers. The resulting characterization methods, thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) and thermal-windowing deconvolution (TWD), provide a powerful way to study local and cooperative relaxations in the amorphous state of matter that are, arguably, essential to understanding the glass transition, molecular motions in the rubbery and molten states and even the processes leading to crystallization.

Improving Sensitivity and Resolution of Dendrimer Identification in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using Varied Matrix Combinations.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a well-known technique for polymer analysis, particularly for determining the molecular weight and structural details of dendrimers. In this study, we evaluated the performance of various matrices, such as 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA), and sinapinic acid (SA), and their combinations, on the sensitivity and resolution of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (G3.0, G4.

Adsorption and Bulk Assembly of Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose-Anionic Surfactant Complexes on Negatively Charged Substrates.

This study examines the adsorption and bulk assembly behaviour of quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate (QHECE)-sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) complexes on negatively charged substrates. Due to its quaternized structure, QHECE, which is used in several industries, including cosmetics, exhibits enhanced electrostatic interactions. The phase behaviour and adsorption mechanisms of QHECE-SDS complexes are investigated using model substrates that mimic the wettability and surface charge of damaged hair fibres.

The Effectiveness of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Extraction Methods in Gram-Negative U.

Bioplastics are emerging as a promising solution to reduce pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics. Among them, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) stand out as viable biotechnological alternatives, though their commercialization is limited by expensive downstream processes. Traditional PHA extraction methods often involve toxic solvents and high energy consumption, underscoring the need for more sustainable approaches.

Aerogels Based on Chitosan and Collagen Modified with FeO and FeO Nanoparticles: Fabrication and Characterization.

The necessity to mitigate the intrinsic issues associated with tissue or organ transplants, in order to address the rising prevalence of diseases attributable to increased life expectancy, provides a rationale for the pursuit of innovation in the field of biomaterials. Specifically, biopolymeric aerogels represent a significant advancement in the field of tissue engineering, offering a promising solution for the formation of temporary porous matrices that can replace damaged tissues. However, the functional characteristics of these materials are inadequate, necessitating the implementation of matrix reinforcement methods to enhance their performance.

Salt Stress Enhanced Bioactivity of Quinoa Leaf Extracts: An In Vitro and In Silico Study of Acetylcholinesterase and Tyrosinase Inhibition for Sustainable Drug Development.

Quinoa is recognized for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate the impact of salt stress induced by varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the production of phenolic compounds and their biological activities in different quinoa accessions. Leaves from three quinoa accessions (Q4, Q24, and Q45) cultivated under increasing NaCl treatments were subjected to chemical analysis using ethanol and water extract.

Impact in Clinical Practice of the European Medicines Agency Health Alert About the Restriction of the Use of JAK Inhibitors.

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have revolutionized the treatment of various inflammatory and immune disorders. Concerns about the potential increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) associated with JAKi use led to a European Medicines Agency (EMA) health alert recommending restricting the use of JAKi in high-risk populations. This study aims to determine the proportion of patients who developed any cardiovascular, ischemic, neoplastic, or thrombotic adverse event in a cohort of patients receiving, or who have received, JAKi treatment between January 2017 and September 2023.

Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates of spp. and spp. in Wildlife and Their Environment from Portugal: A Positive Epidemiologic Outcome.

One of the significant challenges facing modern medicine is the rising rate of antibiotic resistance, which impacts public health, animal health, and environmental preservation. Evaluating antibiotic resistance in wildlife and their environments is crucial, as it offers essential insights into the dynamics of resistance patterns and promotes strategies for monitoring, prevention, and intervention. and genera isolates were recovered from fecal samples of wild animals and environmental samples using media without antibiotic supplementation.

The Anthelmintic Activity of Lam. Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep: Rosmarinic Acid Quantification and In Silico Tubulin-Binding Studies.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) inflict significant economic losses on sheep and goat farming globally due to reduced productivity and the development of anthelmintic resistance. Sustainable control strategies are urgently needed including the exploration of medicinal plants as safer alternatives to chemical anthelmintics. This genus of plants is used for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.

Mitochondrial DNA Structure in .

Kinetoplastids display a single, large mitochondrion per cell, with their mitochondrial DNA referred to as the kinetoplast. This kinetoplast is a network of concatenated circular molecules comprising a maxicircle (20-64 kb) and up to thousands of minicircles varying in size depending on the species (0.5-10 kb).

: Genomic Diversity and Structure.

is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease, and one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide. The first genome of was sequenced in 2005, and its complexity made assembly and annotation challenging. Nowadays, new sequencing methods have improved some strains' genome sequence and annotation, revealing this parasite's extensive genetic diversity and complexity.

Genome-Wide Approach Identifies Natural Large-Fragment Deletion in ASFV Strains Circulating in Italy During 2023.

African swine fever (ASF), characterized by high mortality rates in infected animals, remains a significant global veterinary and economic concern, due to the widespread distribution of ASF virus (ASFV) genotype II across five continents. In this study, ASFV strains collected in Italy during 2022-2023 from two geographical clusters, North-West (Alessandria) and Calabria, were fully sequenced. In addition, an in vivo experiment in pigs was performed.

, , and : An Emerging Triad of Vector-Borne Co-Infections?

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by the protozoan and transmitted primarily by phlebotomine sand flies, poses significant challenges for zoonotic disease management [...

Intratumoral in Pancreatic Cancer: Current and Future Perspectives.

The intratumoral microbiome plays a significant role in many cancers, such as lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and is often diagnosed at advanced stages. , an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium primarily residing in the oral cavity, has garnered significant attention for its emerging role in several extra-oral human diseases and, lately, in pancreatic cancer progression and prognosis.

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-Based Lock-In Amplifier System with Signal Enhancement: A Comprehensive Review on the Design for Advanced Measurement Applications.

Lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) are critical tools in precision measurement, particularly for applications involving weak signals obscured by noise. Advances in signal processing algorithms and hardware synthesis have enabled accurate signal extraction, even in extremely noisy environments, making LIAs indispensable in sensor applications for healthcare, industry, and other services. For instance, the electrical impedance measurement of the human body, organs, tissues, and cells, known as bioelectrical impedance, is commonly used in biomedical and healthcare applications because it is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive.

An Improved Speed Sensing Method for Drive Control.

Variable-speed electrical drive control typically relies upon a two-loop scheme, one for torque/speed and another for stator current control. In modern drive control methods, the actual mechanical speed is needed for both loops. In practical applications, the speed is often acquired by incremental rotary encoders.

A Comprehensive Review of Vision-Based Sensor Systems for Human Gait Analysis.

Analysis of the human gait represents a fundamental area of investigation within the broader domains of biomechanics, clinical research, and numerous other interdisciplinary fields. The progression of visual sensor technology and machine learning algorithms has enabled substantial developments in the creation of human gait analysis systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements and recent findings in the field of vision-based human gait analysis systems over the past five years, with a special emphasis on the role of vision sensors, machine learning algorithms, and technological innovations.