Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission.

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission has collected samples of rock, regolith, and atmosphere within the Noachian-aged Jezero Crater, once the site of a delta-lake system with a high potential for habitability and biosignature preservation. Between sols 109 and 1,088 of the mission, 27 sample tubes have been sealed, including witness tubes. Each sealed sample tube has been collected along with detailed documentation provided by the Perseverance instrument payload, preserving geological and environmental context.

Interaction of a Novel Dihydroxy Dibenzoazacrown with Different Surfactants: A Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Investigation.

Interaction of a novel dihydroxy dibenzoazacrown (HDTC) with various surfactants of different charges, for example, anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS), cationic (dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, DTAB), cationic gemini (butanediyl-1,4-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide), 16-4-16), ionic liquid (1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, CMImCl), and nonionic (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, Tween-60), has been investigated at a widespread range of surfactant concentrations (including premicellar, micellar, and postmicellar regime) in 15% (v/v) EtOH medium at room temperature. Several experimental techniques, viz., tensiometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorimetry, are implemented to explicate these interactions.

Thickness Dependent Structural Transition in Ph-BTBT-10 Thin Films and Stabilization of the Ubiquitous Interface Bilayer.

The influence of the film/substrate interface and the role of film thickness on the structural transition temperature for thin films of the asymmetric BTBT derivative 7-decyl-2-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-][1]-benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-10) have been addressed by using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and synchrotron grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). Our data strongly suggest that the structural transformation from a single-layer phase to the thermodynamically stable bilayer structure develops from the bottom of the film to its surface. Contrary to observations in other organic semiconductor films, notably, the thinner the Ph-BTBT-10 film, the lower is the transition temperature.

Effects of two training workshops upon university students' learning of critical thinking.

We evaluated the effect of two workshops on learning about critical thinking amongst first- year university students. 66 Chilean pedagogy students participated, all female, with ages ranging between 18 and 37 years. Two experimental groups were organized, one with direct teaching (n = 22) and another one with semi-directed teaching (n = 19), plus a control group (n = 25).

Excitatory-inhibitory homeostasis and bifurcation control in the Wilson-Cowan model of cortical dynamics.

Although the primary function of excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) homeostasis is the maintenance of mean firing rates, the conjugation of multiple homeostatic mechanisms is thought to be pivotal to ensuring edge-of-bifurcation dynamics in cortical circuits. However, computational studies on E-I homeostasis have focused solely on the plasticity of inhibition, neglecting the impact of different modes of E-I homeostasis on cortical dynamics. Therefore, we investigate how the diverse mechanisms of E-I homeostasis employed by cortical networks shape oscillations and edge-of-bifurcation dynamics.

Effect of power training on function and body composition in older women with probable sarcopenia. A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Sarcopenia is a clinical syndrome characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength. Hormonal changes that occur early in women may influence protein synthesis and promote muscle atrophy, leading to probable sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength without an obvious decrease in muscle mass. Various types of exercise have already proven effective in treating sarcopenia.

NMR spectroscopy derived plasma biomarkers of inflammation in human populations: Influences of age, sex and adiposity.

Understanding the distribution and variation in inflammatory markers is crucial for advancing our knowledge of inflammatory processes and evaluating their clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring acute and chronic disease. 1H NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma and serum was applied to measure a composite panel of inflammatory markers based on acute phase glycoprotein signals (GlycA and GlycB) and sub-regions of the lipoprotein derived Supramolecular Phospholipid Composite signals (SPC1, SPC2 and SPC3) to establish normal ranges in two healthy, predominantly white cohorts from Australia (n = 398) and Spain (n = 80; ages 20-70 years). GlycA, GlycB, SPC1 and SPC3 were not significantly impacted by age or sex, but SPC2 (an HDL-related biomarker) was significantly higher in women across all age ranges by an average of 33.

Age-related variations in physical activity, happiness, and psychological well-being: Evidence from Iran.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with higher levels of PWB and happiness. The high prevalence of physical inactivity among the Iranian population is concerning. Moreover, according to the Happiness Report 2024, Iran is ranked 100th out of 143 countries.

Effectiveness of Low Doses of Semaglutide on Weight Loss and Body Composition Among Women in Their Menopause.

Menopause is a complex period in women's life, when weight gain and predisposition to obesity are frequent. Moreover, even during menopause transition, women begin to lose lean mass up to 0.5% and, therefore, an increase in the percentage of fat mass with central distribution and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome.

Fluoride Exposure and Children's IQ Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Previous meta-analyses suggest that fluoride exposure is adversely associated with children's IQ scores. An individual's total fluoride exposure comes primarily from fluoride in drinking water, food, and beverages.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating children's IQ scores and prenatal or postnatal fluoride exposure.

Association of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity with a high genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: Overlapping genes are involved with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and DNA repair pathways. Therefore, we hypothesised that patients with a high polygenic risk score (PRS) for RA will have an increased risk of radiotherapy (RT) toxicity given the involvement of DNA repair.

Methods: Primary analysis was performed on 1494 prostate cancer, 483 lung cancer and 1820 breast cancer patients assessed for development of RT toxicity in the REQUITE study.

Efficacy of Lurasidone in First-Episode Psychosis: Patient Phenotypes, Dosage, and Recommendations from an Expert Panel.

Introduction: For patients with psychosis, early, intensive therapeutic intervention is thought to improve long-term outcomes. Furthermore, patients with a first-episode psychosis (FEP) who experience a good early response to antipsychotic medication show a clinical and functional benefit over the longer term if they continue low-dose antipsychotic treatment. Lurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent which is approved in Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents (13-17 years).

Maintenance treatment of catatonia with benzodiazepines: A case series and literature review.

Objective: Benzodiazepines, particularly lorazepam, are good options for acute catatonia treatment. Published catatonia literature on benzodiazepine maintenance treatment and benzodiazepine tolerance is limited.

Methods: This is a chart review covering 30 years of clinical experience in the state of Kentucky, (United States of America), where there was no easy access to electroconvulsive therapy.

[Level of compliance with validation processes and analysis of measurement scales in pediatrics].

Unlabelled: The use of latent construct measurement scales is widespread in the medical literature. An essential condition is that the instrument be validated, in addition to being highly reliable.

Objective: To evaluate the level of compliance with various methodological and statistical premises of validation studies of psychometric instruments in pediatrics, which are necessary to ensure adequate interpretation of the results, in order to offer recommendations for future research.

[Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder Scale (PSQ-SRBD) to spanish language].

Unlabelled: In the Chilean pediatric population, to date, there is no validated screening instrument for sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD).

Objective: to develop and validate a cross-cultural adaptation of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire - sleep-related breathing disorder scale (PSQ-SRBD), by creating the Chilean Spanish version (PSQ-CL).

Patients And Method: The PSQ-SRBD was translated from English into Chilean Spanish, obtaining the PSQ-CL, which was subsequently validated.

[Estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness from the Six-Minute Walk Test in schoolchildren].

Unlabelled: Cardiorespiratory fitness can be assessed by direct, indirect, maximal, and moderate effort, running, cycling, or walking methods.

Objective: To predict maximum oxygen consumption (V O2max) from the six-minute walk test in schoolchildren.

Patients And Method: 459 students were included, 215 were male and 244 were female, aged 11.

Association between body mass index and all-cause mortality in older people: A prospective analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010.

Unlabelled: There is a divergence in the results of studies that have explored the association between body mass index (BMI) and health outcomes in different contexts.

Aim: This study investigated the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in older Chilean people.

Methods: 1.

Rapidly spreading with OXA-48-like carbapenemases.

(mostly , ) with OXA-48-like carbapenemases (e.g., OXA-48, -181, -232, -244) are undermining the global efficiency of carbapenem therapy.