Proteostasis Decline and Redox Imbalance in Age-Related Diseases: The Therapeutic Potential of NRF2.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of cellular homeostasis, overseeing the expression of a wide array of genes involved in cytoprotective processes such as antioxidant and proteostasis control, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. The accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers the release, stabilization, and nuclear translocation of NRF2, which in turn enhances the expression of critical components of both the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways. This process facilitates the clearance of toxic protein aggregates, thereby actively maintaining cellular proteostasis.

Urinary Proteome and Exosome Analysis Protocol for the Discovery of Respiratory Diseases Biomarkers.

This study aims to develop a protocol for respiratory disease-associated biomarker discovery by combining urine proteome studies with urinary exosome components analysis (i.e., miRNAs).

Insights into Reproduction Through Gonadal Tissue Methylation Analysis and Transcriptomic Integration.

Fish exhibit diverse mechanisms of sex differentiation and determination, shaped by both external and internal influences, often regulated by distinct DNA methylation patterns responding to environmental changes. In aquaculture, reproductive issues in captivity pose significant challenges, particularly the lack of fertilization capabilities in captive-bred males, hindering genetic improvement measures. This study analyzed the methylation patterns and transcriptomic profiles in gonadal tissue DNA from groups differing in rearing conditions and sexual maturity stages.

Plasma Levels of Propionylcarnitine Improved Prediction of Heart Failure and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Plasma metabolites could be suitable as predictive biomarkers for cardiovascular pathologies or death, thereby improving the prediction of protein biomarkers. The release of acylcarnitines may be altered after coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects with recurrent clinical outcomes, and this could be used as a prognosis tool.

Methods: Patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) who had suffered an acute coronary syndrome 6-9 months before were followed for up to 4.

Synergistic Enzybiotic Effect of a Bacteriophage Endolysin and an Engineered Glucose Oxidase Against .

represents one of the main risks for food safety worldwide. Two enzyme-based antimicrobials (enzybiotics) have been combined in a novel treatment against this pathogenic bacterium, resulting in a powerful synergistic effect. One of the enzymes is an endolysin from phage vB_LmoS_188 with amidase activity (henceforth A10), and the other is an engineered version of glucose oxidase from (GOX).

Correction: Kirkegaard-Biosca et al. Cefiderocol for the Treatment of Infections by VIM-Type-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria. 2024, , 874.

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Bacteriocin-Producing Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci Strains for Agro-Food and Public Health Applications with Relevance of Micrococcin P1.

Antimicrobial-producing strains and their bacteriocins hold great promise for the control of bacterial diseases, being an attractive alternative to antibiotics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of 15 bacteriocin-producing staphylococci and mammaliicocci (BP-S/M) strains and their pre-purified extracts with butanol (BT) against a collection of 27 harmful or zoonotic strains (including Gram-positive/-negative bacteria and molds) with relevance in the public health and agro-food fields. These indicators (excluding Gram-negative strains) were grouped into seven categories based on their potential application areas: dairy livestock mastitis, avian pathogen zoonoses, swine zoonoses, food safety, aquaculture, wine making, and mushroom cultivation.

High Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Cloacal Enterococci and from Free-Living Dalmatian and Great White Pelicans with Detection of Cefotaximase CTX-M-15 Producing ST69.

In 2022, an outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) killed 60% of the largest breeding colony of Dalmatian pelicans (DPs) in the world at Mikri Prespa Lake (Greece), prompting a multidisciplinary study on HPAI and other pathogens. This study determines the antimicrobial resistance rates of cloacal enterococci and in DPs. Fifty-two blood and cloacal swab samples were collected from 31 nestlings (20 DP/11 great white pelicans) hatched after the H5N1 outbreak at the Prespa colony and 21 subadult/adult DPs captured at a spring migration stopover.

A Longer Duration of Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment for Patients with Early Periprosthetic Joint Infections Is Not Associated with a Lower Failure Rate.

Background: In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of an early switch to oral antibiotics after surgical treatment in orthopedic-related infections. However, large analyses on periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are lacking.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational multicenter study in patients diagnosed with an early post-operative PJI, defined as one occurring <3 months after the index arthroplasty and treated with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR).

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of an Isoniazid Suspension Among Spanish Children Under 6 Years of Age.

: Isoniazid (INH) remains a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in young children. In 2010, the WHO recommended an increase in the daily dose of INH up to 10 (7-15) mg/kg. Currently, there are no INH suspensions available in Europe.

Chitosan-Based Semen Extenders: An Approach to Antibiotic-Free Artificial Insemination in Rabbit.

: The use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative solutions. Among these, chelating agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Chitosan, have shown potential in reducing bacterial contamination in seminal doses used in artificial insemination (AI), while preserving sperm quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of EDTA and Chitosan as alternatives to antibiotics for the liquid storage of rabbit seminal AI doses.

Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical and Epidemiological Human Samples.

: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR)bacteria pose a significant public health threat by worsening patient outcomes, contributing to hospital outbreaks, and increasing health and economic burdens. Advanced genomic tools enhance the detection of resistance genes, virulence factors, and high-risk clones, thus improving the management of MDR infections. In the Autonomous Community of Aragon, the diversity and incidence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have increased during the last years.

Mechanical Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Critical Challenge in the Intensive Care Units.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality. We evaluated the causative pathogens involved and their resistance to the major classes of antibiotics in patients with VAP and assessed the differences between patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). : This study was a single-center, cross-sectional, retrospective analysis involving 122 patients who were hospitalized in the ICU of Târgu Mureș County Clinical Hospital from 1 April 2021, to 1 April 2023.

Interference of Celastrol with Cell Wall Synthesis and Biofilm Formation in .

: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including , underscores the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Celastrol, a natural compound derived from the plants of the Celastraceae family, has demonstrated promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against various pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects, mechanism of action, and antibiofilm activity of celastrol against , an emerging opportunistic pathogen.

Tracking the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Within the Spanish Poultry Industry: Insights from a One Health Approach.

/: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in species from poultry production represents a significant public health threat due to the potential transmission of AMR through the food chain. This study aimed to examine the relative prevalence, resistance patterns, and mannitol fermentation capacity of isolates from various poultry production systems in Spain over a seven-year period (2017-2023). : A total of 215 isolates were analyzed.

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model for the Prediction of Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Febrile Neutropenia.

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections demands personalized antibiotic strategies for febrile neutropenia (FN) in hematological malignancies. This study investigates machine learning (ML) for identifying patient profiles with increased susceptibility to bloodstream infections (BSI) during FN onset, aiming to tailor treatment approaches. From January 2020 to June 2022, we used the unsupervised ML algorithm KAMILA to analyze data from hospitalized hematological malignancy patients.

Bats as an Important Source of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria: A Systematic Review.

: Bats are the second-largest known order of mammals, accounting for about twenty percent of the species described to date. This group has special importance in health and epidemiology because they are considered hosts of a wide range of antimicrobial-resistant human pathogens. Over the past few decades, the emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antimicrobials has been a growing threat to public health, especially given its repercussions such as deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance and economic losses in the healthcare sector.

Environmental DNA and Hydroacoustic Surveys for Monitoring the Spread of the Invasive European Catfish ( Linnaeus, 1758) in the Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain.

The European catfish ( Linnaeus, 1758) was introduced into the Ebro Basin in Spain in 1974 for recreational fishing. Since then, the species has spread throughout the country's river basins, reaching the Iznájar Reservoir (Guadalquivir River Basin) in 2011. This area is of great ecological and economic relevance, especially as it includes the Doñana National Park, one of the most important nature reserves in Europe.

The Sublingua of and : Only a Cleaning Function?

The sublingua is an anatomical structure located under the tongue. This rare organ can be present in some animals as a rudimentary structure, but among prosimian primates, such as lemurs and lorises, it is fully developed. In addition to the sublingua, prosimians have modified lower incisors and canines called "dental comb".

A Prospective Study of the Prevalence and Predictive Risk Factors of Repeat Breeder Syndrome in Dairy Cattle in the North of Spain.

This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of repeat breeder syndrome (RB) in 2370 dairy cows in northern Spain. Data collected included the prevalence of postpartum pathologies, metabolic markers, and productive and reproductive parameters. The overall RB prevalence was 21.

Short- But Not Long-Term Effects of Creep Feeding Provided to Suckling Piglets.

Fifty-eight litters (16 from primiparous gilts and 42 from multiparous sows) were used, with a total number of 750 piglets involved in the study. Birth weight was stratified into three groups: low (<1.02 kg; LBW), normal (1.

Proteomics of the Dark-Ventral-Patch Sexual Signal in Male Red Deer.

Sexual signals in animals encompass a variety of forms including visual, acoustic, and chemical signals that are fundamental for intra- and interspecific communication, including sexual selection processes. Among these, odor signals play a critical role. Chemical compounds involved in sexual signaling vary in nature, with lipids and proteins being particularly important.

Age-Related Changes in Gut Health and Behavioral Biomarkers in a Beagle Dog Population.

The gut and the gut microbiome communicate with the nervous system through the gut-brain axis via neuroimmune and neuroendocrine mechanisms. Despite existing research, studies exploring this link in aging dogs are limited. This study aims to examine multiple blood and fecal biomarkers of intestinal health, along with various behavioral indicators based on saliva, blood, observations, and activity, in different age populations (junior: <2 y.

Assessing and Improving Animal Welfare Using Applied Ethology.

The papers in this Special Issue, entitled "Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Behaviour, Applied Ethology and Welfare of Farmed Animals", bring to the forefront empirical data and theoretical discussions that contribute to the discussion of contemporary issues, from environmental enrichment to improvements in animal welfare, the intensification of animal rearing systems, and innovations like virtual fencing and dietary adjustments to improve animal health and welfare in organic systems [...

Effect of Liquid Marble 3D Culture System on In Vitro Maturation and Embryo Development of Prepubertal Goat Oocytes.

Suboptimal culture conditions during in vitro maturation (IVM) affect oocyte developmental competence and the viability of the resulting embryo. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a more biologically appropriate environment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquid marble (LM) microbioreactors as a 3D culture system on IVM and the subsequent embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes.