Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photogalvanic Effects in Twisted Bilayer Graphene.

The chiral lattice structure of twisted bilayer graphene with D_{6} symmetry allows for intrinsic photogalvanic effects only at off-normal incidence, while additional extrinsic effects are known to be induced by a substrate or a gate potential. In this Letter, we first compute the intrinsic effects and show they reverse sign at the magic angle, revealing a band inversion at the Γ point. We next consider different extrinsic effects, showing how they can be used to track the strengths of the substrate coupling or electric displacement field.

Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

Methods: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Lessons learned from cross-sectoral collaboration to protect migrant farmworkers during COVID-19 in Spain.

In Spain, the agricultural sector relies heavily on migrant workers, especially during seasonal seasons. However, these workers face significant challenges related to precarious working conditions and structural vulnerability, which have become more acute since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive qualitative study was based on 87 personal interviews with health and social professionals from sectors such as NGOs, social services, trade unions, local institutions, and health services to promote compliance with these measures in four Spanish regions.

Profile and Usefulness of Serum Cytokines to Predict Prognosis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Objectives: To characterize the serum cytokine profile in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) at onset and during follow-up and assess their utility for predicting relapses and disability.

Methods: This retrospective multicentric cohort study included patients aged 16 years and older meeting MOGAD 2023 criteria, with serum samples collected at baseline (≤3 months from disease onset) and follow-up (≥6 months from the baseline), and age-matched and time to sampling-matched patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Eleven cytokines were assessed using the ELLA system.

Pentafluoroorthotellurate Uncovered: Theoretical Perspectives on an Extremely Electronegative Group.

The pentafluoroorthotellurate group (-OTeF, teflate) exhibits high electron-withdrawing properties. Indeed, it is often used as a bulky substitute for fluoride due to its high chemical stability and larger size, which reduces its tendency to act as a bridging ligand. These characteristics make it a valuable ligand in synthetic chemistry, facilitating the preparation of molecular structures analogous to polymeric fluoride-based compounds.

Molecular scalpels dissect new GluN1 hot spots in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.

Patient-derived NMDAR mAbs combined with single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reveal multiple GluN1 epitopes and distinct functional effects.

Human brain dynamics are shaped by rare long-range connections over and above cortical geometry.

A fundamental topological principle is that the container always shapes the content. In neuroscience, this translates into how the brain anatomy shapes brain dynamics. From neuroanatomy, the topology of the mammalian brain can be approximated by local connectivity, accurately described by an exponential distance rule (EDR).

Clinical outcomes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms predict maximum heart rate improvement after physical activity training in individuals with psychiatric disorders and comorbid obesity.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity and discriminatory ability of clinical outcomes, inflammatory activity, oxidative and vascular damage, and metabolic mechanisms for detecting significant improve maximum heart rate after physical activity training in individuals with psychiatric disorders and obesity comorbid using a longitudinal design and transdiagnostic perspective.

Methods: Patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and, schizophrenia and with comorbid obesity (n = 29) were assigned to a 12-week structured physical exercise program. Peripheral blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular mechanisms, and metabolic activity, as well as neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice, before and after intervention.

Prevalence and associations of anisometropia with spherical ametropia, cylindrical power, age, and sex, based on 134,603 refractive surgery candidates.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence and associations of anisometropia with spherical ametropia, cylindrical power, age, and sex.

Methods: Anisometropia was analyzed for subjective refraction. In total, 134,603 refractive surgery candidates were included in the period from 2010 to 2020 at the CARE Vision Refractive Centers in Germany.

Unravelling the complexity of the relationship between social support sources and loneliness: A mixed-methods study with older adults.

Loneliness is an increasingly significant social and public health issue in contemporary societies. The available evidence suggests that social support is one of the key psychosocial processes for the reduction and prevention of loneliness. This study investigated the role played by sources of social support in the experience of social and emotional loneliness, identifying seven sources of support split between family (spouse/partner, children, grandchildren, siblings) and non-family (friends, neighbours).

Variability of Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease questionnaire (PsAID12) thresholds in psoriatic arthritis: data from the ReFlaP study.

Objectives: To explore thresholds for the Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Impact of Disease questionnaire (PsAID12) score against disease activity measures in an observational setting, in patients with PsA.

Methods: The baseline data from the ReFlaP observational, prospective, multicentre and international study was used (NCT03119805). Cutoffs for PsAID12 were determined against disease activity scores, defining disease impact states (ie remission, low impact, moderate impact and high impact).

Circulating PD-1hi CXCR5- and CXCR5+ CD4 T cells are elevated in patients with newly diagnosed Giant Cell Arteritis and predict relapse.

Objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large/medium-vessel granulomatous vasculitis, and the PD-1/PD-L1 coinhibitory pathway seems to be implicated in its pathogenesis. CD4 T cells expressing high PD-1 levels, CD4+CXCR5-PD-1hi peripheral helper (Tph) and CD4+CXCR5+PD-1hi follicular helper T cells (Tfh), are key mediators of autoimmunity. Their frequencies are elevated in the peripheral blood of subjects with several autoimmune conditions but have not been investigated in GCA.

Recent advances in the development of enantiopure BODIPYs and some related enantiomeric compounds.

During the process of developing smart chiroptical luminophores, small chiral organic dyes have emerged as candidates of utmost importance. In this regard, the chiral variants of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) serve as suitable molecules owing to their excellent photophysical properties such as high fluorescence quantum yields, narrow emission bandwidths with high peak intensities, high photo and chemical stability, and higher molar extinction coefficients. Thus, the last decade observed an influx of research from various research groups for the induction of chirality in originally achiral BODIPY.

Efficiency of telerehabilitation on subacute stroke ambulation: a matched case-control study.

Background Stroke now represents the condition with the highest need for physical rehabilitation worldwide, with only low or moderate-level evidence testing telerehabilitation compared to in-person care. We compared functional ambulation in subacute patients with stroke following telerehabilitation and matched in-person controls with no biopsychosocial differences at baseline. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study to compare functional ambulation between individuals with stroke following telerehabilitation and in-person rehabilitation, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) and the Functional Independence Measure™ (FIM).

A European Survey to Identify Challenges in the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe subtype, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), are highly prevalent and strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study sought to identify challenges to the diagnosis, treatment and management of people living with MASLD and MASH and understand the key barriers to adopting relevant clinical guidelines.

Methods: A real-world, cross-sectional study (BARRIERS-MASLD) consisting of a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews of physicians in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom was conducted from March to September 2023.

Good and bad indications for adjuvant radiotherapy after transoral laser microsurgery for laryngeal cancer.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize current evidence regarding the indication of adjuvant treatment after transoral laser microsurgery (TOLMS).

Recent Findings: Apart from well known risk factors, margins represent the key point in the decision-making. If margins are affected, additional treatment is mandatory.

The evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game with tolerant punishment based on reputation threshold.

Reputation and punishment are significant guidelines for regulating individual behavior in human society, and those with a good reputation are more likely to be imitated by others. In addition, society imposes varying degrees of punishment for behaviors that harm the interests of groups with different reputations. However, conventional pairwise interaction rules and the punishment mechanism overlook this aspect.

Balancing landscape values and tourism choices: Integrating participatory mapping and the IPBES Values Typology.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserves aim to balance nature and human coexistence, but increasing tourism challenges landscape management. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) stresses the importance of understanding stakeholder values for effective management of natural spaces through a typology of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values. This study applies this IPBES typology to tourism preferences in the Archipelago Sea Biosphere Reserve (ABR) using Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS).

Predictors of Gambling Severity Among Female Gamblers: Cross-Country Study with Spanish and Italian Clinical Population.

A large body of research has evidenced different risk factors associated with the severity of gambling. However, most of the research has been conducted with a male population, and consequently it has been inferred that the female population presents the same experiences and characteristics. Research on female gamblers is limited, with the result that their gambling-related problems are not effectively addressed.

First-line immune-based combinations or sunitinib in favorable-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a real-world retrospective comparison from the ARON-1 study.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of urogenital cancer. The introduction of immune-based combinations, including dual immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has radically changed the treatment landscape for metastatic RCC, showing varying efficacy across different prognostic groups based on the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study, part of the ARON-1 project, aimed to evaluate the outcomes of favorable-risk metastatic RCC patients treated with immune-based combinations or sunitinib.

Associations between frailty and cognitive impairment in Parkinson´s disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The presence of frailty is common in people with Parkinson's disease, as is cognitive dysfunction. Previous research on frailty has focused on the physical aspects of the pathology.

Aims: To analyze the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and to know which disease characteristics are associated with frailty.

The economic burden of diabetes in spinal fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed at comparing the costs of spinal fusion surgery between patients with and without diabetes.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of four databases was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed on comparative studies examining diabetic versus non-diabetic adults undergoing cervical/lumbar fusion in terms of cost.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Senescence is a cellular response to stress or damage leading to a state of irreversible growth arrest. As we age, the number of senescent cells increases and directly contributes to age-related conditions including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. As a result, there is a growing interest to therapeutically target senescence either with drugs eliminating senescent cells (senolytics) or with strategies to modulate their secretory phenotype among others.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of an enteric infection by Aeromonas spp. in patients with digestive or nephrological diseases.

The role of aeromonads as contributors to gastrointestinal pathology remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of an enteric infection by Aeromonas spp. in patients with digestive or nephrological diseases.

Spatial expression of fibroblast activation protein-α in clear cell renal cell carcinomas revealed by multiplex immunoprofiling analysis of the tumor microenvironment.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most challenging neoplasms because of its phenotypic variability and intratumoral heterogeneity. Because of its variability, ccRCC is a good test bench for the application of new technological approaches to unveiling its intricacies. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) is an emerging method that enables the simultaneous and detailed assessment of tumor and stromal cell subpopulations in a single tissue section.