Residual Effects of Physical Exercise After Periods of Training Cessation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

We aimed to determine the persisting effects of various exercise modalities and intensities on functional capacity after periods of training cessation in older adults. A comprehensive search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection up to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining residual effects of physical exercise on functional capacity in older adults ≥ 60 years. The analysis encompassed 15 studies and 21 intervention arms, involving 787 participants.

Relevance of Sentinel Nodes in Atypical Territories in Surgically Treated Patients With T1-2N0 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: To assess the usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five patients (mean age 62 years) diagnosed with cT1-2 N0 underwent SLNB with Tc, lymphoscintigraphy/SPECT-CT, and gamma probe detection with intraoperative histological examination of the resected sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Elective neck dissection was performed during the same surgical procedure of primary tumor resection when malignant deposits were detected microscopically.

Electronic confinement induced quantum dot behavior in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene.

Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) has emerged as a versatile platform to explore correlated electron phases driven primarily by low-energy flat bands in moiré superlattices. While techniques for controlling the twist angle between graphene layers have spurred rapid experimental progress, understanding the effects of doping inhomogeneity on electronic transport in correlated electron systems remains challenging. In this work, we investigate the interplay of confinement and doping inhomogeneity on the electrical transport properties of TBLG by leveraging device dimensions and twist angles.

Sex-associated differences in incentive salience and drinking behaviour in a rodent model of alcohol relapse.

The ability of environmental cues to trigger alcohol-seeking behaviours is thought to facilitate problematic alcohol use. Individuals' tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues may increase the risk of addiction. We sought to study the relationship between incentive salience and alcohol addiction using non-preferring rats to model the heterogeneity of human alcohol consumption, investigating both males and females.

Comparative anatomy of the subclavius muscle and clavicle: a histological study using human, swine and mouse fetuses.

Background: Some mammals including the swine carry a fibrous vestigial clavicle, but a subclavius muscle (SBM) extends between the first rib and the supraspinatus muscle surface fascia. We aimed to examine development of the SBM and clavicle for finding a specific factor to provide the curious morphology.

Materials And Methods: Histological sections of early- and midterm fetuses of the swine, human and mouse were observed and compared at the almost same morphological stage.

Vertical Quantum Confinement in Bulk MoS.

We experimentally observe quantum confinement states in bulk MoS by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The band structure at the Γ̅ point reveals quantum well states (QWSs) linked to vertical quantum confinement of the electrons, confirmed by the absence of dispersion in and a strong intensity modulation with the photon energy. Notably, the binding energy dependence of the QWSs versus does not follow the quadratic dependence of a two-dimensional electron gas.

Filamin A C-terminal fragment modulates Orai1 expression by inhibition of protein degradation.

Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin-binding protein that has been reported to interact with STIM1 modulating the activation of Orai1 channels. Cleaving of FLNA by calpain leads to a C-terminal fragment that is involved in a variety of functional and pathological events, including pro-oncogenic activity in different types of cancer. Here we show that full-length FLNA is downregulated in samples from colon cancer patients as well as in the adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29.

Effect of digital health applications with or without gamification on physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Use of health applications (apps) to support healthy lifestyles has intensified. Different app features may support effectiveness, including gamification defined as the use of game elements in a non-game situation. Whether health apps with gamification can impact behaviour change and cardiometabolic risk factors remains unknown.

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use and change in alcohol consumption: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioural interventions, alcohol-related mortality is rising. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (GLP-1 RAs) and alcohol consumption.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, clintrials.

L-arginine in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Therapeutic advancements for the polyglutamine diseases, particularly spinocerebellar degeneration, are eagerly awaited. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and therapeutic effects of L-arginine, which inhibits the conformational change and aggregation of polyglutamine proteins, in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).

Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (clinical trial ID: AJA030-002, registration number: jRCT2031200135) was performed on 40 genetically confirmed SCA6 patients enrolled between September 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021.

Bilateral avascular necrosis leading to hip fracture in pregnancy: A case report.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip, a rare cause of pelvic pain in the third trimester of pregnancy, often presents with nonspecific symptoms that resemble common musculoskeletal conditions. This ambiguity, coupled with concerns about the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during pregnancy, can hinder timely diagnosis. We report a unique case of a 32-year-old primigravida diagnosed with a hip fracture and bilateral AVN of the femoral head in the immediate postpartum period, a complication seemingly not previously documented in pregnant patients.

Use of the Hyperbaric Chamber Versus Conventional Treatment for the Prevention of Amputation in Chronic Diabetic Foot and the Influence on Fitting and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic endocrine diseases, characterized by hyperglycemia, due to abnormal nitric oxide synthesis. The trend of an increase in the number of patients with DM continues. The medical and economic burden of DM is not only associated with hyperglycemia management but also with the management of DM-related complications.

Commercial symptom monitoring devices in Parkinson's disease: benefits, limitations, and trends.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Managing PD requires accurate assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms, often complicated by the subjectivity in symptom reporting and the limited availability of neurologists. To address these challenges, commercial wearable devices have emerged to continuously monitor PD symptoms outside the clinical setting.

Fatal disseminated infection in a cat from Madrid, Spain.

Case Summary: is a globally distributed apicomplexan protozoan infecting all warm-blooded animals. Cats are the definitive host, susceptible to clinical disease. In Spain, studies have shown the widespread presence of IgG antibodies in cats but there are no published data on clinical toxoplasmosis in cats from Spain.

Effect of two teaching methods on nursing students' acquisition of patient-centered communication competence in older people care: a cluster randomized trial.

Introduction: Patient-centered communication is an essential skill in nursing, particularly in the care of older adult patients. However, generation Z nursing students, who primarily communicate through digital platforms, face unique challenges in adapting to traditional face-to-face communication with older adults. As a result, there is a need for teaching methods that align with this generation's learning style to enhance their communication skills.

Contributions of connectional pathways to shaping Alzheimer's disease pathologies.

Four important imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, namely grey matter atrophy, glucose hypometabolism and amyloid-β and tau deposition, follow stereotypical spatial distributions shaped by the brain network of structural and functional connections. In this case-control study, we combined several predictors reflecting various possible mechanisms of spreading through structural and functional pathways to predict the topography of the four biomarkers in amyloid-positive patients while controlling for the effect of spatial distance along the cortex. For each biomarker, we quantified the relative contribution of each predictor to the variance explained by the model.

'We need to be part of the solution': lessons from the 2024 PPRI Conference on ensuring access to affordable medicines through innovative policies.

On 25-26 April 2024, the 5th PPRI (Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Information) Conference on ensuring equitable access to affordable medicines took place in Vienna (Austria). Twenty-four accepted contributions were presented either as oral presentations or posters, adding to invited keynote lectures, stakeholder debates and workshops. The global multi-stakeholder audience discussed a range of approaches in pharmaceutical policies, which have the potential to successfully and sustainably address current and future challenges in ensuring patient access to affordable medicines globally.

Small-molecule MMRi36 induces apoptosis in p53-mutant lymphomas by targeting MDM2/MDM4/XIAP for degradation.

Rituximab combined with systemic chemotherapy significantly improves the rate of complete response in B-cell lymphomas. However, acquired rituximab resistance develops in most patients leading to relapse. The mechanisms underlying rituximab resistance are not well-understood.

Climate change, migration, and health: perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean.

This article delves into the complex relationship between climate change, migration patterns, and health outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the severe impact of climate change on health in LAC is widely acknowledged, the article sheds light on the often-overlooked multiple effects on migration and the well-being of migrants. These impacts encompass poverty, food and water insecurity, and adverse physical and mental health outcomes.

Maximising efficiency with exoscopic surgery: a versatile approach for transoral laryngeal and oropharyngeal procedures.

Objectives: Several devices have been developed to improve head and neck surgery. 3D exoscopes provide surgeons a viable alternative to microscopes. We propose our setting for transoral exoscopic oropharyngeal (TOEOS) and transoral exoscopic laryngeal surgery (TOELS).

Attitudes towards mental health professionals in social media: infodemiology study.

Background: Negative perceptions of mental health professionals can deter individuals from seeking mental healthcare. Given the high burden of mental health globally, it is essential to understand attitudes towards mental health professionals. Social media platforms like Twitter/X provide valuable insights into the views of the general population.