ESR Essentials: imaging of common paediatric pulmonary diseases-practice recommendations by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology.

Chest imaging in children presents unique challenges due to varying requirements across age groups. For chest radiographs, achieving optimal images often involves careful positioning and immobilisation techniques. Antero-posterior projections are easier to obtain in younger children, while lateral decubitus radiographs are sometimes used when expiratory images are difficult to obtain and for free air exclusion.

Medical management pathways for Cushing's disease in pituitary tumors centers of excellence (PTCOEs).

Purpose: A recent update of consensus guidelines for the management of Cushing's disease (CD) included indications for medical therapy. However, there is limited evidence regarding their implementation in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate current medical therapy approaches by expert pituitary centers through an audit conducted to validate the criteria of Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOEs) and provide an initial standard of medical care for CD.

Cross-priming in cancer immunology and immunotherapy.

Cytotoxic T cell immune responses against cancer crucially depend on the ability of a subtype of professional antigen-presenting cells termed conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) to cross-present antigens. Cross-presentation comprises redirection of exogenous antigens taken from other cells to the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-presenting machinery. In addition, once activated and having sensed viral moieties or T helper cell cooperation via CD40-CD40L interactions, cDC1s provide key co-stimulatory ligands and cytokines to mount and sustain CD8 T cell immune responses.

Maize monoculture supported pre-Columbian urbanism in southwestern Amazonia.

The Casarabe culture (500-1400 CE), spreading over roughly 4,500 km of the monumental mounds region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia, is one of the clearest examples of urbanism in pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE) Amazonia. It exhibits a four-tier hierarchical settlement pattern, with hundreds of monumental mounds interconnected by canals and causeways. Despite archaeological evidence indicating that maize was cultivated by this society, it is unknown whether it was the staple crop and which type of agricultural farming system was used to support this urban-scale society.

Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss.

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research.

Ion beam induced secondary electron tomography of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate/polycarbonate polymer blends for fused filament fabrication and injection moulding.

Polymer blending is an interesting strategy to broaden the combination of properties available for a variety of applications. To understand the behaviour of the new materials obtained as well as the influence of the fabrication parameters used, methods to analyse the distribution of polymers in the blend with resolution below the micrometer are required. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of focused ion beam (FIB) tomography to provide 3D information of the polymer distribution in objects obtained by blending acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) with polycarbonate (PC) (50 wt%), fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and by Injection Moulding (IM).

A clinical narrative corpus on nut allergy: annotation schema, guidelines and use case.

This article describes a dataset on nut allergy extracted from Spanish clinical records provided by the Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón (HUFA) in Madrid, Spain, in collaboration with its Allergology Unit and Information Systems and Technologies Department. There are few publicly available clinical texts in Spanish and having more is essential as a valuable resource to train and test information extraction systems. In total, 828 clinical notes in Spanish were employed and several experts participated in the annotation process by categorizing the annotated entities into medical semantic groups related to allergies.

CODE-ACCORD: A Corpus of building regulatory data for rule generation towards automatic compliance checking.

Automatic Compliance Checking (ACC) within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector necessitates automating the interpretation of building regulations to achieve its full potential. Converting textual rules into machine-readable formats is challenging due to the complexities of natural language and the scarcity of resources for advanced Machine Learning (ML). Addressing these challenges, we introduce CODE-ACCORD, a dataset of 862 sentences from the building regulations of England and Finland.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Clinical Impact of Prophylactic Quinolones with Adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) reduces disease recurrence and progression in intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). BCG-associated adverse events during instillations are common, leading to treatment cessation. Prophylactic use of quinolones in conjunction with BCG instillations is one approach for reducing BCG-associated adverse events.

Advances in systematic conservation planning to meet global biodiversity goals.

Systematic conservation planning (SCP) involves the cost-effective placement and application of management actions to achieve biodiversity conservation objectives. Given the political momentum for greater global nature protection, restoration, and improved management of natural resources articulated in the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing the state-of-the-art of SCP is timely. Recent advances in SCP include faster and more exact algorithms and software, inclusion of ecosystem services and multiple facets of biodiversity (e.

Identification and Management of Medical Comorbidities in Patients With HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Literature Review and Recommendations From Experts in Spain Opinion.

Approximately one-third of patients with breast cancer have comorbidities at the time of their diagnosis. Recommendations for managing metastatic breast cancer are usually based on the results of clinical trials, which often limit patients with comorbidities. However, comorbidities greatly influence the quality of life, patient survival rate and treatment choice, particularly in older patients.

Posterior fossa ring-enhancing lesions in the adult immunocompetent host: illustrative cases, systematic review, and proposed diagnostic algorithm.

Purpose: Posterior fossa ring-enhancing lesions (PFREL) in the adult immunocompetent hosts pose a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to evaluate the spectrum of PFREL etiologies and propose a diagnostic algorithm.

Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of PFREL cases from our institution (January 2023 to April 2024) and a systematic literature review conducted using Embase and PubMed databases following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

New Artisse intrasaccular device for intracranial aneurysm treatment: short term clinical and angiographic result from the prospective registry INSPIRE-A.

Background: Intrasaccular devices have broadened treatment options for wide necked aneurysms. This study presents the preliminary experience with the Artisse 2.0 device.

Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis.

The initial management of acute pancreatitis (AP) is continually evolving. Goal-directed moderate fluid resuscitation is now preferred over more aggressive strategies. Antibiotics should be administered only when there is a proven or highly probable infection rather than for prophylactic purposes.

Improving lung protective mechanical ventilation: the individualised intraoperative open-lung approach.

Despite the maturity and sophistication of anaesthesia workstations, improvements in our understanding of intraoperative mechanical ventilation, and use of less invasive surgical techniques, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are still a common problem in surgical patients of all ages. PPCs are associated with a higher incidence of perioperative morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. PPCs are strongly associated with anaesthesia-induced atelectasis, which predisposes to lung damage when partially collapsed lungs are subjected to mechanical ventilation.

Tunable Spin and Orbital Torques in Cu-Based Magnetic Heterostructures.

Current-induced torques originating from earth-abundant 3d elements offer a promising avenue for low-cost and sustainable spintronic memory and logic applications. Recently, orbital currents─transverse orbital angular momentum flow in response to an electric field─have been in the spotlight since they allow current-induced torque generation from 3d transition metals. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the current-induced spin and orbital torques in Cu-based magnetic heterostructures.

Wireless Stimulation of Barium Titanate@PEDOT Nanoparticles Toward Bioelectrical Modulation in Cancer.

Cancer cells possess distinct bioelectrical properties, yet therapies leveraging these characteristics remain underexplored. Herein, we introduce an innovative nanobioelectronic system combining a piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticle core with a conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) shell (BTO@PEDOT NPs), designed to modulate cancer cell bioelectricity through noninvasive, wireless stimulation. Our hypothesis is that acting as nanoantennas, BTO@PEDOT NPs convert mechanical inputs provided by ultrasound (US) into electrical signals, capable of interfering with the bioelectronic circuitry of two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.

Microplastics in Cuban freshwaters: diversity, temporal changes, and effects on extracellular enzymatic activity.

Plastics, as synthetic polymers, are emerging contaminants that can harm organisms and ecosystems. This study investigates the presence of microplastics in sediments of two rivers in western Cuba, assessing their temporal variability, diversity, and characterizing the types of microplastics in these ecosystems. Additionally, the study examines the relationship between microplastic concentrations, the extracellular enzymatic activity of benthic microbial communities, and nutrient levels in sediments.

Optimising medium chain carboxylate production in xylan mixed-culture monofermentation.

This work investigates the optimization of medium-chain carboxylate (MCC) production through xylan mixed-culture monofermentation. The pH screening in batch assays showed that the hydrolysis stage and selectivity towards MCC precursors were optimised at pH 6. Subsequently, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) were operated at different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT), revealing that the SBR at HRT 2 days yielded the highest caproic acid since lactic acid availability and chain elongation process were balanced.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.