Incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: Therapeutic interventions for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have increased greatly over the last decade but improvements outside of biomarker selected therapies have been limited. There remains a pressing need for more effective treatment options that can prolong survival and enhance the quality of life of patients with EOC. In contrast to the significant benefits of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) seen in many solid tumors, initial experience in EOC suggests limited efficacy of CPIs monotherapy.

"Thoracic anesthesia in patients with airborne disease".

Health care workers are at risk of infection from aerosolization of respiratory secretions, droplet and contact spread. This has gained great importance after the COVID19 pandemic. Intra-operative aerosol-generating procedures are arguably unavoidable in the routine provision of thoracic anesthesia.

Influence of different ethnicities on early childhood caries in preschool children at risk of social exclusion in Southeastern Spain.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of early childhood caries and to study a possible influence on different ethnicities in preschool children aged 3 to 5 with social exclusion risk.

Background: Oral diseases are a major global public health problem, with negative effects at both individual and collective levels, and there is a relationship between socioeconomic characteristics such as income, occupation and educational level, with the prevalence and severity of oral diseases.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of 288 preschool children belonging to three schools in the Southeastern Spain among other variables dmft and ICDASS index.

Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Resistant Tuberculosis of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).

The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) have developed together Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) on the management of people affected by tuberculosis (TB) resistant to drugs with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These clinical practice guidelines include the latest updates of the SEPAR regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB from 2017 and 2020 as the starting point. The methodology included asking relevant clinical questions based on PICO methodology, a literature search focusing on each question, and a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, with a summary of this evidence for each question.

Prevalence and incidence of HPV-related dysplasia of oropharyngeal, cervical, and anal mucosae in Spanish people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Background: Objectives were to determine the prevalence/incidence of HPV-related dysplasia and clearance/acquisition rates of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes in genital mucosa of women-LHIV and oropharyngeal and anal mucosa of PLHIV and to evaluate factors related to HR-HPV infection in oropharyngeal mucosa at 12-months.

Material And Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study with 12-month follow-up, enrolled PLHIV between December 2022 and April 2023. At baseline and 12-months, HIV-related clinical and analytical variables were recorded, oropharyngeal mucosa exudates were taken for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies for HPV and other sexually transmitted infections, while anal and female genital samples were self-sampled for HPV detection and genotyping by PCR and thin-layer cytology.

Residual Effects of Physical Exercise After Periods of Training Cessation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

We aimed to determine the persisting effects of various exercise modalities and intensities on functional capacity after periods of training cessation in older adults. A comprehensive search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection up to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining residual effects of physical exercise on functional capacity in older adults ≥ 60 years. The analysis encompassed 15 studies and 21 intervention arms, involving 787 participants.

Relevance of Sentinel Nodes in Atypical Territories in Surgically Treated Patients With T1-2N0 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: To assess the usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five patients (mean age 62 years) diagnosed with cT1-2 N0 underwent SLNB with Tc, lymphoscintigraphy/SPECT-CT, and gamma probe detection with intraoperative histological examination of the resected sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Elective neck dissection was performed during the same surgical procedure of primary tumor resection when malignant deposits were detected microscopically.

Electronic confinement induced quantum dot behavior in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene.

Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) has emerged as a versatile platform to explore correlated electron phases driven primarily by low-energy flat bands in moiré superlattices. While techniques for controlling the twist angle between graphene layers have spurred rapid experimental progress, understanding the effects of doping inhomogeneity on electronic transport in correlated electron systems remains challenging. In this work, we investigate the interplay of confinement and doping inhomogeneity on the electrical transport properties of TBLG by leveraging device dimensions and twist angles.

Sex-associated differences in incentive salience and drinking behaviour in a rodent model of alcohol relapse.

The ability of environmental cues to trigger alcohol-seeking behaviours is thought to facilitate problematic alcohol use. Individuals' tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues may increase the risk of addiction. We sought to study the relationship between incentive salience and alcohol addiction using non-preferring rats to model the heterogeneity of human alcohol consumption, investigating both males and females.

Comparative anatomy of the subclavius muscle and clavicle: a histological study using human, swine and mouse fetuses.

Background: Some mammals including the swine carry a fibrous vestigial clavicle, but a subclavius muscle (SBM) extends between the first rib and the supraspinatus muscle surface fascia. We aimed to examine development of the SBM and clavicle for finding a specific factor to provide the curious morphology.

Materials And Methods: Histological sections of early- and midterm fetuses of the swine, human and mouse were observed and compared at the almost same morphological stage.

Vertical Quantum Confinement in Bulk MoS.

We experimentally observe quantum confinement states in bulk MoS by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The band structure at the Γ̅ point reveals quantum well states (QWSs) linked to vertical quantum confinement of the electrons, confirmed by the absence of dispersion in and a strong intensity modulation with the photon energy. Notably, the binding energy dependence of the QWSs versus does not follow the quadratic dependence of a two-dimensional electron gas.

Filamin A C-terminal fragment modulates Orai1 expression by inhibition of protein degradation.

Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin-binding protein that has been reported to interact with STIM1 modulating the activation of Orai1 channels. Cleaving of FLNA by calpain leads to a C-terminal fragment that is involved in a variety of functional and pathological events, including pro-oncogenic activity in different types of cancer. Here we show that full-length FLNA is downregulated in samples from colon cancer patients as well as in the adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29.

Effect of digital health applications with or without gamification on physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Use of health applications (apps) to support healthy lifestyles has intensified. Different app features may support effectiveness, including gamification defined as the use of game elements in a non-game situation. Whether health apps with gamification can impact behaviour change and cardiometabolic risk factors remains unknown.

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use and change in alcohol consumption: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioural interventions, alcohol-related mortality is rising. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (GLP-1 RAs) and alcohol consumption.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, clintrials.

L-arginine in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Therapeutic advancements for the polyglutamine diseases, particularly spinocerebellar degeneration, are eagerly awaited. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and therapeutic effects of L-arginine, which inhibits the conformational change and aggregation of polyglutamine proteins, in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).

Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (clinical trial ID: AJA030-002, registration number: jRCT2031200135) was performed on 40 genetically confirmed SCA6 patients enrolled between September 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021.

Bilateral avascular necrosis leading to hip fracture in pregnancy: A case report.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip, a rare cause of pelvic pain in the third trimester of pregnancy, often presents with nonspecific symptoms that resemble common musculoskeletal conditions. This ambiguity, coupled with concerns about the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during pregnancy, can hinder timely diagnosis. We report a unique case of a 32-year-old primigravida diagnosed with a hip fracture and bilateral AVN of the femoral head in the immediate postpartum period, a complication seemingly not previously documented in pregnant patients.

Use of the Hyperbaric Chamber Versus Conventional Treatment for the Prevention of Amputation in Chronic Diabetic Foot and the Influence on Fitting and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic endocrine diseases, characterized by hyperglycemia, due to abnormal nitric oxide synthesis. The trend of an increase in the number of patients with DM continues. The medical and economic burden of DM is not only associated with hyperglycemia management but also with the management of DM-related complications.

Commercial symptom monitoring devices in Parkinson's disease: benefits, limitations, and trends.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Managing PD requires accurate assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms, often complicated by the subjectivity in symptom reporting and the limited availability of neurologists. To address these challenges, commercial wearable devices have emerged to continuously monitor PD symptoms outside the clinical setting.

Fatal disseminated infection in a cat from Madrid, Spain.

Case Summary: is a globally distributed apicomplexan protozoan infecting all warm-blooded animals. Cats are the definitive host, susceptible to clinical disease. In Spain, studies have shown the widespread presence of IgG antibodies in cats but there are no published data on clinical toxoplasmosis in cats from Spain.

Effect of two teaching methods on nursing students' acquisition of patient-centered communication competence in older people care: a cluster randomized trial.

Introduction: Patient-centered communication is an essential skill in nursing, particularly in the care of older adult patients. However, generation Z nursing students, who primarily communicate through digital platforms, face unique challenges in adapting to traditional face-to-face communication with older adults. As a result, there is a need for teaching methods that align with this generation's learning style to enhance their communication skills.

Contributions of connectional pathways to shaping Alzheimer's disease pathologies.

Four important imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, namely grey matter atrophy, glucose hypometabolism and amyloid-β and tau deposition, follow stereotypical spatial distributions shaped by the brain network of structural and functional connections. In this case-control study, we combined several predictors reflecting various possible mechanisms of spreading through structural and functional pathways to predict the topography of the four biomarkers in amyloid-positive patients while controlling for the effect of spatial distance along the cortex. For each biomarker, we quantified the relative contribution of each predictor to the variance explained by the model.