Drug-drug interactions between palbociclib and proton pump inhibitors in early breast cancer: an exploratory analysis of PALLAS (ABCSG-42/AFT-05/BIG-14-13/PrE0109).

Background: Concomitant intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may create drug-drug interactions, potentially impacting efficacy of anticancer agents. In the phase III PALLAS trial, the addition of palbociclib capsules to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer did not improve invasive disease-free survival (iDFS). We explored whether concomitant use of PPIs affected survival outcomes in patients treated with palbociclib in PALLAS.

Results of a patient-level pooled analysis of three studies of trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive breast cancer with active brain metastasis.

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are common in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer, increasing morbidity and mortality. Systemic therapy for BMs can be effective, with the triple combination of trastuzumab, capecitabine, and tucatinib being a potential standard. More recently, intracranial activity of antibody-drug conjugates has been reported, but the size of individual studies has been small.

Preliminary study of gunshot residues in entry holes at different angles: Feasibility of using LIBS to support trajectory estimation.

Firearm-related scenarios can be highly complex, involving multiple shooters, firearms, types of ammunition, victims, and various impact zones. Obtaining the maximum amount of information to connect each piece of the puzzle is crucial for resolving these cases. Currently, new tools are being developed in the forensic field that facilitate both fieldwork and laboratory analysis, enabling the estimation of trajectories, identification of shooters, and more.

Rheumatologic complications of CAR-T Cell therapy. Experience of a single center.

Introduction: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for hematological malignancies. However, its association with immune-related complications such as rheumatic complications, is not well defined.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to analyze rheumatic complications in 310 patients treated with CAR-T therapy at a single center from January 2020 to May 2024.

Investigation of bacterial nanocellulose/calcium phosphates-based composite containing cerium for bone repair.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has attracted considerable attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential for use in bone regeneration applications. The present study investigates the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) combined with calcium and cerium ions (BNC-Ce:CaP) in bone regeneration applications. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of monetite and hydroxyapatite phases in BNC-CaP, while BNC-Ce:CaP revealed an additional brushite phase.

Associations between vaping during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite numerous studies linking prenatal vaping to adverse perinatal outcomes, a systematic assessment for critical comparison remains absent. To investigate these associations, we conducted a systematic search of studies assessing perinatal outcomes in mothers and/or neonates exposed to vaping during pregnancy compared to those in women without prenatal vaping exposure through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and Google Scholar until July 5, 2024. We performed inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses for maternal and neonatal outcomes of 23 studies with a total of 924,376 participants with 7552 reporting vaping-only use during pregnancy.

Lack of functional polyester-biodegrading potential in marine versus terrestrial environments evidenced by an innovative airbrushing technique.

Biodegradable plastics, primarily aliphatic polyesters, degrade to varying extents in different environments. However, the absence of easily implementable techniques for screening microbial biodegradation potential -coupled with the limitations of non-functional omics analyses- has restricted comparative studies across diverse polymer types and ecosystems. In this study, we optimized a novel airbrushing method that facilitates functional analyses by simplifying the preparation of polyester-coated plates for biodegradation screening.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of nanoceria biocompatibility for their safe use in nervous system applications.

Nanoceria, or cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO NP), are increasingly employed in a number of industrial and commercial applications. Hence, the environmental presence of these nanoparticles is growing progressively, enhancing the global concern on their potential health effects. Recent studies suggest that nanoceria may also have promising biomedical applications particularly in neurodegenerative and brain-related pathologies, but studies addressing their toxicity, and specifically on the nervous system, are still scarce, and their potential adverse effects and action mechanism are not totally understood yet.

Equine piroplasmosis in different geographical areas in France: Prevalence heterogeneity of asymptomatic carriers and low genetic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi.

Equine piroplasmosis is a worldwide tick-borne disease caused by the parasites Theileria equi sensu lato and Babesia caballi, with significant economic and sanitary consequences. These two parasites are genetically variable, with a potential impact on diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of asymptomatic carriers of these parasites in France and describe the circulating genotypes.

Raman spectroscopy integrated with machine learning techniques to improve industrial sorting of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) plastics.

Current industrial separation and sorting technologies struggle to efficiently identify and classify a large part of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) plastics due to their high content of certain additives. In this study, Raman spectroscopy in combination with machine learning methods was assessed to develop classification models that could improve the identification and separation of Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC) and the blend PC/ABS contained in WEEE streams, including black plastics, to increase their recycling rate, and to enhance plastics circularity. Raman spectral analysis was carried out with two lasers of different excitation wavelengths (785 nm and 1064 nm) and varying setting parameters (laser power, integration time, focus distance) with the aim at reducing the fluorescence.

Copper and zinc removal from anaerobic digestates via Sporosarcina pasteurii induced precipitation: Effect of volatile fatty acids on process performance.

Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) shows great potential for metals recovery from secondary sources, which is vital for circular economy. This study explores the feasibility of using Sporosarcina pasteurii for MICP to recover copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from acidogenic anaerobic digestates at laboratory scale. Pre-cultured S.

European Guideline on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting-A UEG and ESNM Consensus for Clinical Management.

Introduction: Chronic nausea and vomiting are symptoms of a wide range of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires a systematic and well-structured approach. If the initial investigation for structural, toxic and metabolic disorders is negative, digestive motility and gut-brain interaction disorders should be assessed.

Evolution of competitive ability and the response to nutrient availability: a resurrection study with the calcareous grassland herb, Leontodon hispidus.

Rapid environmental changes across Europe include warmer and increasingly variable temperatures, changes in soil nutrient availability, and pollinator decline. These abiotic and biotic changes can affect natural plant populations and force them to optimize resource use against competitors. To date, the evolution of competitive ability in the context of changes in nutrient availability remains understudied.

Ecotoxicology of cephalopod early life phases: review and perspectives.

The present review provides the first analysis and synthesis of the available scientific information on the effects of anthropogenic contaminants on cephalopod embryos, paralarvae, and juveniles. We evaluated 46 articles published between 1970 and 2023 that focused on trace elements (69%), pharmaceutical compounds (11%), persistent organic compounds (11%), and plastics (9%). To date, the greatest scientific effort has originated from Europe and Asia (France [57%], China [9%], Italy [7%], and Spain [4%]), with few reports available from the rest of the world.

Exploring Solid Magnetic Liposomes for Organic Pollutant Removal from Wastewater: The Role of Lipid Composition.

Solid magnetic liposomes (ML, nanocomposites comprising lipid bilayers that incorporate magnetic nanoparticles) may be used in wastewater remediation: the lipid bilayer creates an environment where organic pollutants preferentially partition instead of water and the manipulation of ML with an external magnet enables an easy recovery from water. This study aimed to assess the system's potential for water remediation, focusing on ML ability to remove common pollutants in industrial wastewater. Specifically, alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) were used as the archetype for organic pollutants.

Impact of increasingly complex cell culture conditions on the proteome of human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Aims: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) exhibit an enormous potential to regenerate periodontal tissue. However, their translatability to the clinical setting is constrained by technical difficulties in standardizing culture conditions. The aim was to assess complex culture conditions using a proteomic-based protocol to standardize multi-layer hPDLSC cultivation methodology.

Rescue therapy after failed thrombectomy in medium/distal vessel occlusions: A retrospective analysis of an international, multi-center registry.

Background: There are limited therapeutic options in cases of failed reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [mTICI] score < 2b) after stent-retriever and/or aspiration based endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke. Despite the absence of data supporting its use, rescue therapy (balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation) is often utilized in such cases. Studies are limited to large vessel occlusions, while the outcomes and complications after rescue therapy in medium/distal vessel occlusions (MDVOs) have not been reported.

Narrative and obesity: Managing weight stigma associated with bariatric surgery.

The present study examined how individuals who have been clinically diagnosed as obese explain their decision to undergo bariatric surgery and how they deal with the stigmatization that such a decision may entail. A total of 23 participants (15 women and 8 men) who were awaiting bariatric surgery within the Spanish healthcare system, were interviewed about their weight trajectory and their decision to undergo this surgery. In order to examine the participants' stories, a narrative analysis of the interviews was conducted, with attention to both content ( they told) and structure ( they told) and examining the stories in line with the socially and culturally available narratives that they had access to, and the context in which the stories were produced.

Genomics Review of Selective RET Inhibitors Sensitivity in Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trials.

RET gene is a driver of thyroid cancer (TC) tumorigenesis. The incidence of TC has increased worldwide in the last few decades, both in medullary and follicular-derived subtypes. Several drugs, including multikinase and selective inhibitors, have been explored.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Political Orientation and Attitudes Toward Sexual Harassment: The Moderating Role of Gender.

Sexual harassment (SH) refers to unwelcome behavior that creates a hostile, intimidating, or offensive environment. This behavior can manifest through physical, verbal, or nonverbal actions. The present study analyzes the relationship between political orientation (left-wing, center, and right-wing) and attitudes toward SH with a focus on the moderating role of gender.

Allosteric Changes Underlie the Outside-In Transmission of Activatory Signals in the TCR.

Rather than being contained in a single polypeptide, and unlike receptor tyrosine kinases, the T cell receptor (TCR) divides its signaling functions among its subunits: TCRα/β bind the extracellular ligand, an antigenic peptide-MHC complex (pMHC), and the CD3 subunits (CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ε, and CD3ζ) transmit this information to the cytoplasm. How information about the quality of pMHC binding outside is transmitted to the cytoplasm remains a matter of debate. In this review, we compile data generated using a wide variety of experimental systems indicating that TCR engagement by an appropriate pMHC triggers allosteric changes transmitted from the ligand-binding loops in the TCRα and TCRβ subunits to the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits.

Measuring health sciences students' attitudes toward persons with disabilities: Is one scale better than another?

Negative attitudes toward persons with disabilities (PWDs) can lead to stigmatization and exclusion, underscoring the need for effective tools to measure and address such attitudes in educational settings. This study compares the psychometric properties of two scales used to assess attitudes toward PWDs among health science learners: the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS) and the Attitudes and Perspectives Toward Persons with Disabilities Scale (APPD). This research examines the internal consistency, factor stability, factor replicability, and convergent validity of these scales across different measurement occasions using data from second-year Medical (n = 102) and Doctor of Physical Therapy (n = 39) students.

Atypical mucocutaneous manifestations of MPOX: A systematic review.

MPOX is an orthopoxvirus whose infection has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2022 and 2024. It proved to be a virus with markedly heterogeneous and varied clinical presentation. We performed a systematic PubMed review of articles reporting cases of different clinical manifestations of MPOX until October 2024.