Full-length and N-terminally truncated recombinant interleukin-38 variants are similarly inefficient in antagonizing interleukin-36 and interleukin-1 receptors.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-38 is an IL-1 family cytokine that was proposed to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, its mechanisms of action are not well understood and the identity of the IL-38 receptor(s) remains debated. Proposed candidates include the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1), the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) and the orphan receptor IL-1RAPL1.

Cost-effectiveness of decentralising acute malnutrition treatment with a standard or simplified treatment protocol: an economic evaluation in the region of Gao, Mali.

Background: Acute malnutrition treatment coverage remains low worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Decentralisation of treatment to Community Health Worker (CHW) sites has shown to be an effective strategy to improve access and increase coverage, but evidence on the cost and cost-effectiveness of this approach as well the use of simplified treatment protocols in conflict settings is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine cost per child treated as well as the cost-effectiveness of the hybrid model of treatment delivery (where treatment is provided at both health facilities and CHW sites) using either a standard protocol (Intervention 1) or simplified protocol (Intervention 2) compared to standard treatment at health facilities only (Control) in the conflict affected region of Gao in Northern Mali.

Beyond destruction: emerging roles of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hakai.

Hakai protein (CBLL1 gene) was identified as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of E-cadherin complex, inducing its ubiquitination and degradation, thus inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Most of the knowledge about the protein was associated to its E3 ubiquitin ligase canonical role. However, important recent published research has highlighted the noncanonical role of Hakai, independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, underscoring its involvement in the N-methyladenosine (mA) writer complex and its impact on the methylation of RNA.

Vitreomacular traction - a review.

Vitreomacular traction (VMT) is characterised by abnormal adhesion of the posterior cortical vitreous with the macula causing distortion of the foveal contour and associated with symptoms of reduction in visual acuity and/or metamorphopsia. This review article explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic and treatment options for VMT. Advances in imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) have revolutionized the understanding of the vitreoretinal interface abnormalities and helps in monitoring the disease progression.

Metabolic interplays between the tumour and the host shape the tumour macroenvironment.

Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment are pivotal characteristics of cancers, and studying these processes offer insights and avenues for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Recent advancements have underscored the impact of host systemic features, termed macroenvironment, on facilitating cancer progression. During tumorigenesis, these inherent features of the host, such as germline genetics, immune profile and the metabolic status, influence how the body responds to cancer.

An open-shell Ir(II)/Ir(IV) redox couple outperforms an Ir(I)/Ir(III) pair in olefin isomerization.

Open-shell systems based on first-row transition metals and their involvement in various catalytic processes are well explored. By comparison, mononuclear open-shell complexes of precious transition metals remain underdeveloped. This is particularly true for Ir complexes, as there is very limited information available regarding their application in catalysis.

Interventions for adult congenital heart disease.

Advances in imaging diagnostics, surgical techniques and transcatheter interventions for paediatric patients with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) have substantially reduced mortality, thereby extending the lifespan of these individuals and increasing the number of adults with complex CHD. Transcatheter interventions have emerged as an alternative to traditional open-heart surgery to mitigate congenital defects. The evolution of techniques, the introduction of new devices and the growing experience of operators have enabled the treatment of patients with progressively more complex conditions.

Seasonal forecasting of East African short rains.

The variability of East African short rains (October-December) has profound socioeconomic and environmental impacts on the region, making accurate seasonal rainfall predictions essential. We evaluated the predictability of East African short rains using model ensembles from the multi-system seasonal retrospective forecasts from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). We assess the prediction skill for 1- to 5-month lead times using forecasts initialized in September for each year from 1993 to 2016.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Emergency Healthcare Utilization and Unmet Care Needs in Chemsex Users: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Sexual Minority Men.

Chemsex entails potential risks that may lead to medical emergencies. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from an anonymous, self-administered online survey on substance use among 1,203 sexual minority men (SMM) who engage in chemsex in Spain. The study aimed to determine the proportion of chemsex users that have sought emergency care following a session, identify their reasons for consultation, examine associated sociodemographic factors, and assess the proportion who felt they should have sought emergency care but did not.

Epigenetic regulation of HOXA2 expression affects tumor progression and predicts breast cancer patient survival.

Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic biomarkers hold potential for enhancing the early detection and monitoring of breast cancer (BC). Epigenetic alterations of the Homeobox A2 (HOXA2) gene have recently garnered significant attention in the clinical management of various malignancies. However, the precise role of HOXA2 in breast tumorigenesis has remained elusive.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Centromere positioning orchestrates telomere bouquet formation and the initiation of meiotic differentiation.

Accurate gametogenesis requires the establishment of the telomere bouquet, an evolutionarily conserved, 3D chromosomal arrangement. In this spatial configuration, telomeres temporarily aggregate at the nuclear envelope during meiotic prophase, which facilitates chromosome pairing and recombination. The mechanisms governing the assembly of the telomere bouquet remain largely unexplored, primarily due to the challenges in visualizing and manipulating the bouquet.

The impact of parameter variation in the quantification of forensic genetic evidence.

Technological advancements have allowed the detection of increasingly complex forensic genetics samples, as minimum amounts of DNA can now be detected in crime scenes or other settings of interest. The weight of the evidence depends on several parameters regarding the population and sample-related analytical factors, the latter in a greater number when the DNA amount is considered. This led to the development of probabilistic genotyping software (PGS), able to deal with the associated complexities.

Metabolic activities are selective modulators for individual segmentation clock processes.

Numerous cellular and molecular processes during embryonic development prompt the fundamental question of how their tempos are coordinated and whether a common global modulator exists. While the segmentation clock tempo scales with the kinetics of gene expression and degradation processes of the core clock gene Hes7 across mammals, the coordination of these processes remains unclear. This study examines whether metabolic activities serve as a global modulator for the segmentation clock, finding them to be selective instead.

Brucella abortus impairs T lymphocyte responsiveness by mobilizing IL-1RA-secreting omental neutrophils.

Immune evasion strategies of Brucella, the etiologic agent of brucellosis, a global zoonosis, remain partially understood. The omentum, a tertiary lymphoid organ part of visceral adipose tissue, has never been explored as a Brucella reservoir. We report that B.

Comprehensive Clinical and Genetic Characterization of a Spanish Cohort of 22 Patients With Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome.

Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome (BRPS) is a genetic condition resulting from truncating variants in the ASXL3 gene. The clinical features include neurodevelopmental and language impairments, behavioral issues, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and distinctive facial features. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 22 Spanish individuals with BRPS, aiming to perform a detailed clinical and molecular description and establish a genotype-phenotype correlation.

The Efficacy of Boxing Training on Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence on the effects of boxing interventions on people with Parkinson disease.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched systematically from their inception until December 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scales.

[Referral Profile of Adult Patients Attended in the Neuropsychology Consultation at Hospital Universitario La Paz in Madrid from 2018 to 2023].

Introduction: Neuropsychology is an area of psychology that studies, through different methodologies, the relationship between the nervous system and behavior. This study aims to describe the profile of the patient who most frequently received a neuropsychological assessment at HULP between 2018 and 2023.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 394 clinical records of subjects aged 18 years or older who were attended in the neuropsychology consultation of HULP between 2018 and 2023.

Chronic kidney disease progression in patients with previous type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension: a population-based cohort study from primary care in Spain.

Objectives: To evaluate whether between hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-established drivers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression-one might be more strongly associated with CKD progression than the other.

Design: Cohort study using a primary care database (electronic health records).

Setting: Primary care in Catalonia, Spain.

EULAR standardised training model for ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive synovial tissue biopsy procedures in large and small joints.

Objectives: To develop an EULAR training model for education in synovial tissue biopsy (STB) under ultrasound guidance (UG) following a stepwise approach: (1) development of educational material on UGSTB in large and small joints; (2) assessment of the validity, reliability and feasibility of the UGSTB educational procedure on cadaveric specimens; (3) validation of this procedure in live patients.

Methods: Using a nominal group (NG) and a DELPHI consensus methodology, educational audio-visual (AV) material and minimal requirements for education in UGSTB were developed by an expert panel. Then the experts performed an UGSTB on cadaveric joints using the developed approach.