Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Background/objectives: Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) present unique challenges due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with systemic ALCL.

Methods: Retrospective data from 14 pediatric patients diagnosed with systemic ALCL at Valme University Hospital were studied.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Cytokine Dynamics Profile as Early Signatures of Long COVID Condition in Hospitalized Individuals.

Background: The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of people experiencing long COVID condition, a range of persistent symptoms following the acute phase, with an estimated prevalence of 27%-64%.

Materials And Methods: To understand its pathophysiology, we conducted a longitudinal study on viral load and cytokine dynamics in individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR to quantify viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs and employed multiplex technology to measure plasma cytokine levels in a cohort of people with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Optimizing the Design of a Lateral Oscillating Device for Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Results of a Quasi-experimental Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to propose a lateral oscillating device for the prevention of pressure ulcers by understanding the mechanisms of tissue protection in healthy individuals during prolonged decubitus. We also sought to determine the optimal time interval for oscillation, considering peak pressure peaks and tolerable pressure limits as a function of individual characteristics such as age, weight, height, gender, and BMI.

Methods: A quasi-experimental, descriptive and analytical observational study was conducted between January 2022 and June 2023 with a sample of 25 healthy volunteers.

Transition to competent oral feeding in preterm infants: Analyzing timing and determinants.

Introduction: The achievement of oral feeding competence (OFC) is a challenge in preterm infants and can be affected by several factors.

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the time elapsed to development of OFC in very low birth weight (VLBW, weight <1500g) preterm infants and to identify factors associated with greater difficulty in achieving this skill.

Population And Methods: Observational, longitudinal and prospective study in VLBW infants over a period of 7 years (2016-2022).

Obesity as an influencing factor for the occurrence of caffeine-induced effects in women.

Beckground And Aims: Individuals with a higher body fat percentage may have higher serum levels of caffeine and its metabolites and process caffeine more slowly than individuals with a lower body fat percentage, so the aim of this study is to compare the occurrence of positive and negative effects of caffeine in nonobese and obese women.

Methods And Results: One hundred and sixty women were included in the study. Body fat was determined using the mBCA 515 SECA analyzer.

Staple principles for the definition of front-of-pack nutritional labels.

Front-of-pack nutrition labels (FOPNLs) have been developed since 1989 to curb the increasing prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to promote healthy consumption choices. While several countries have introduced their own labeling schemes on a voluntary basis, the European Commission aims to harmonize a FOPNL system that will be mandatory for all member states. This paper summarizes a contribution to the current debate on FOPNLs from Italian and Spanish researchers working in the fields of human nutrition, nutritional epidemiology and public health education and communication policy before the final decision on FOPNLs to become mandatory in Europe is taken.

Prospective association of changes in (poly)phenol intake, body weight and physical activity with inflammatory profile.

Backgrounds And Aim: To prospectively evaluate the associations between changes in (poly)phenol intake, body weight(BW), and physical activity(PA) with changes in an inflammatory score after 1-year.

Methods And Results: This is a prospective observational analysis involving 484 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus with available inflammatory measurements. (Poly)phenol intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database.

Intrarater and interrater reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale-Es and FRAIL-Es in critically ill patients.

Objective: To evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale-Spain (CFS-España) and FRAIL-España and the internal consistency of the FRAIL-España when implemented in critically ill patients by intensive care nurses and physicians.

Design: Descriptive, observational and metric study.

Setting: intensive care unit (ICU) of Spain.

Secondary hyperoxaluria: Cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease.

Secondary hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in urinary oxalate excretion. The etiology may arise from an increase in the intake of oxalate or its precursors, decreased elimination at the digestive level, or heightened renal excretion. Recently, the role of the SLC26A6 transporter in the etiopathogenesis of this disease has been identified.

Simultaneous radionuclide determination using PSresin: 2in2 and 2in1 tandem configuration.

Background: Analyzing mixtures of radionuclides is a complex task. Two situations are the mixtures of Sr with Sr and Sr with plutonium isotopes. The challenge arises in emergency scenarios resulting from accidents where the activity of Sr is over 20 times higher than that of Sr, complicating its quantification and requiring delayed measurements.

Point of view: Challenges in implementation of new immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.

The advancement of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with the approval of three amyloid-targeting therapies in the US and several other countries, represents a significant development in the treatment landscape, offering new hope for addressing this once untreatable chronic progressive disease. However, significant challenges persist that could impede the successful integration of this class of drugs into clinical practice. These challenges include determining patient eligibility, appropriate use of diagnostic tools and genetic testing in patient care pathways, effective detection and monitoring of side effects, and improving the healthcare system's readiness by engaging both primary care and dementia specialists.

Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke: a study on intravenous thrombolysis in patients over 80 years of age with acute ischaemic stroke.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients aged >80 years with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) after IVT was approved in this patient population in several European and non-European countries during 2018-2019.

Design: This is an observational registry study using prospectively collected data from the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke (SITS) registry. Comparisons will be performed between patients treated post-approval (July 2018 to December 2021) period with those treated pre-approval (June 2015 to June 2018) period using propensity score matching (PSM).

Radiomics signature for dynamic monitoring of tumor inflamed microenvironment and immunotherapy response prediction.

Background: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), with a preference for a T cell-inflamed TIME. However, challenges in tissue-based assessments via biopsies have triggered the exploration of non-invasive alternatives, such as radiomics, to comprehensively evaluate TIME across diverse cancers. To address these challenges, we develop an ICI response signature by integrating radiomics with T cell-inflamed gene-expression profiles.

Efficacy of probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and postbiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health in cats: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The clinical efficacy of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics (biotics) in cats is unknown, despite their use in daily practice. The objectives of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biotic supplementation in treating and preventing gastroenteropathies, and in reducing gastrointestinal signs associated with antibiotics in cats.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching four databases for publications before August 2, 2024, following a pre-registered protocol.

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Background: Biosynthetic porcine type I collagen dressing is useful to close ulcers and secondary intention healing of surgical cancer wounds.

Objective: To identify factors associated with the healing time of such wounds.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients on oncological dermatological surgery in a cancer center.

Estimating the environmental burden of disease resulting from exposure to chemicals in European countries - potentials and challenges revealed in selected case studies.

Background: The increased use of chemicals leads to a continuous deposition of chemicals in the environment and to a continuous increase in exposure of the global and the European population. Comprehensive burden of disease analyses are however still missing for many countries.

Methods: Using the World Health Organization's Environmental Burden of Disease (EBD) approach and combining data from the European Human Biomonitoring (HBM) dashboard with disease and population data, we estimated the comprehensive attributable burden (AB) for the year 2021, in the best-case quantified by disability-adjusted life years (DALY).

Gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease: understanding molecular pathways and potential therapeutic perspectives.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression. This narrative review explores the complex interplay between GM, the immune system, and the central nervous system in AD. We discuss mechanisms through which GM dysbiosis can compromise intestinal barrier integrity, enabling pro-inflammatory molecules and metabolites to enter systemic circulation and the brain, potentially contributing to AD hallmarks.

Guideline: Neurorehabilitation in patients with disorder of consciousness. Recommendations from the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation.

Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines in neurorehabilitation for adults with disorders of consciousness by the Spanish Neurorehabilitation Society. This document is based on a review of international clinical practice guidelines published between 2015 and 2022.

Method: A total of 7 articles, corresponding to 5 clinical practice guidelines published between 2015 and 2022, were selected by the group of authors from a pool of 48 bibliographic references extracted from various databases in accordance with predefined search criteria.

Source-resolved black carbon and PM exposures during wildfires and prescribed burns.

Changes in climate and land-use have significantly increased both the frequency and intensity of wildland fires globally, exacerbating the potential for hazardous impacts on human health. A better understanding of particle exposure concentrations and scenarios is crucial for developing mitigation strategies to reduce the health risks. Here, PM and black carbon (BC) concentrations were monitored during wildland fires between 2022-2024, in fire-prone areas in Catalonia (NE Spain), by means of personal monitors (AirBeam2 and Micro-aethalometers AE51 and MA200).

Balloon atrioseptostomy for transposition of the great arteries in Europe: characteristics and outcomes.

Introduction And Objectives: Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) improves oxygenation in neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and restrictive foramen ovale. Currently, there is a global shortage of dedicated BAS catheters, while new unmarked catheters have recently become available at some European centers. This study aimed to characterize BAS outcomes using the currently available BAS catheters in Europe.

Combined action of dietary-based approaches and therapeutic agents on cholesterol metabolism and main related diseases.

Background: Dyslipidaemia is among the major causes of severe diseases and, despite being well-established, the hypocholesterolaemic therapies still face significant concerns about potential side effects (such as myopathy, myalgia, liver injury digestive problems, or mental fuzziness in some people taking statins), interaction with other drugs or specific foods. Accordingly, this review describes the latest developments in the most effective therapies to control and regulate dyslipidaemia.

Scope And Approach: Herein, the metabolic dynamics of cholesterol and their integration with the current therapies: statins, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, niacin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL), or anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating therapies), were compared focusing their effectiveness, patients' adhesion and typical side-effects.

Role and applications of [F]FDG PET/CT in the assessment of osteoarticular infection and inflammation - Part II.

[F]FDG PET/TC is an emerging tool in the evaluation of inflammatory arthropathies, characterised by their insidious course and clinical overlap. It allows detection of subclinical inflammation, assessment of systemic involvement and quantification of metabolic parameters useful in early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. In rheumatoid arthritis, it correlates with clinical indices (Disease Activity Score), serological markers (CRP, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies) and ultrasound findings, and facilitates the identification of complications such as cardiovascular and pulmonary involvement.

A thorny tale: The origin and diversification of Cirsium (Compositae).

Widely distributed plant genera offer insights into biogeographic processes and biodiversity. The Carduus-Cirsium group, with over 600 species in eight genera, is diverse across the Holarctic regions, especially in the Mediterranean Basin, Southwest Asia, Japan, and North America. Despite this diversity, evolutionary and biogeographic processes within the group, particularly for the genus Cirsium, remain underexplored.

Chronic traumatic brain injury induces neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits in a T cell-dependent manner.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to chronic neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration associated with long-term cognitive deficits. Following TBI, the acute neuroinflammatory response involves microglial activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which induce the recruitment of peripheral immune cells such as monocytes and ultimately T cells. Persistent innate and adaptive immune cells response can lead to chronic neurodegeneration and functional deficits.

Enhanced detection of atrial fibrillation in single-lead electrocardiograms using a cloud-based artificial intelligence platform.

Background: Although smartphone-based devices have been developed to record 1-lead ECG, existing solutions for automatic atrial fibrillation (AF) detection often has poor positive predictive value.

Objective: This study aimed to validate a cloud-based deep learning platform for automatic AF detection in a large cohort of patients using 1-lead ECG records.

Methods: We analyzed 8,528 patients with 30-second ECG records from a single-lead handheld ECG device.