Transplant and Nontransplant Salvage Therapy in Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: The EuroNet-PHL-R1 Phase 3 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The current standard-of-care salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) includes consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT)/autologous stem cell transplant (aSCT).

Objective: To investigate whether presalvage risk factors and fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) response to reinduction chemotherapy can guide escalation or de-escalation between HDCT/aSCT or transplant-free consolidation with radiotherapy to minimize toxic effects while maintaining high cure rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: EuroNet-PHL-R1 was a nonrandomized clinical trial that enrolled patients younger than 18 years with first relapsed/refractory cHL across 68 sites in 13 countries in Europe between January 2007 and January 2013.

CLADES: A Programmable Cascade of Genes for Cell Lineage Analysis and Manipulation.

In the Drosophila brain, neuronal diversity originates from approximately 100 neural stem cells, each dividing asymmetrically. Precise mapping of cell lineages at the single-cell resolution is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that direct neuronal specification. However, existing methods for high-resolution lineage tracing are notably time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Computational Methods for Lineage Reconstruction.

The recent development of genetic lineage recorders, designed to register the genealogical history of cells using induced somatic mutations, has opened the possibility of reconstructing complete animal cell lineages. To reconstruct a cell lineage tree from a molecular recorder, it is crucial to use an appropriate reconstruction algorithm. Current approaches include algorithms specifically designed for cell lineage reconstruction and the repurposing of phylogenetic algorithms.

StarTrack: Mapping Cellular Fates with Inheritable Color Codes.

StarTrack is a powerful multicolor genetic tool designed to unravel cellular lineages arising from neural progenitor cells (NPCs). This innovative technique, based on retrospective clonal analysis and built upon the PiggyBac system, creates a unique and inheritable "color code" within NPCs. Through the stochastic integration of 12 distinct plasmids encoding six fluorescent proteins, StarTrack enables precise and comprehensive tracking of cellular fates and progenitor potentials.

Single-Cell Lineage Tracing and Clonal State-Fate Analysis.

Lineage tracing has significantly advanced our comprehension in many areas of biology, such as development or immunity, by precisely measuring cellular processes like migration, division, or differentiation across labeled cells and their progeny. Traditional recombinase-based prospective lineage tracing is limited by the need for a priori cell type information and is constrained in the numbers of clones it can simultaneously track. In this sense, clonal lineage tracing with integrated random barcodes offers a robust alternative, enabling researchers to label and track a vast array of cells and their progeny over time.

CKD-Associated Pruritus is Associated with Greater Use of Antidepressants and Anti-pruritus Medications.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common, yet underdiagnosed condition among patients on hemodialysis. Considering the lack of established treatment pathways, we sought to evaluate the use of antidepressant, systemic antihistamines, or gabapentinoid medications among patients with CKD-aP in the year following pruritus assessment.

Methods: We included 6209 patients on hemodialysis in the analysis.

Tracking Abdominal-B Expression and Function in the Fly Internal Reproductive System by Explants Imaging.

Hox genes specify identities mainly in the anteroposterior axis in various animal tissues, some of them forming part of the internal organs and systems. The expression and activity of these genes have been analyzed mainly in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, and in mouse; in the former, the functional study of Hox genes has been detailed predominantly in epidermal structures, but their role in internal organs poses some challenges, particularly in pupae. One of these genes, Abdominal-B, dictates the development of many internal organs in the posterior abdomen of the fly, yet techniques for its analysis, like in vivo time-lapse, have long been impractical.

Therapeutic hypothermia in preterm infants under 36 weeks: Case series on outcomes and brain MRI findings.

Purpose: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of neonatal brain injury. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for term neonates, but its safety and efficacy in neonates < 36 weeks gestational age (GA) remains unclear. This case series aimed to evaluate the outcomes of preterm infants with HIE treated with TH.

Copper and Silver Trispyrazolylborate-Phosphinoazide Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Nitrene Generation.

Phosphinoazide complexes of the composition TpM-L (M = Cu, Ag, and L = 2-azido-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-1,3,2-diazaphosphole) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Their thermal decomposition led to cyclodiphosphazenes as a result of the metal-mediated coupling of two nitrene units in a process that takes place in both a stoichiometric and catalytic manner. Experimental data have allowed proposing a mechanistic pathway for this new transformation.

Interlaboratory assays from the fungal PCR Initiative and the Modimucor Study Group to improve qPCR detection of Mucorales DNA in serum: one more step toward standardization.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to identify parameters influencing DNA extraction and PCR amplification efficiencies in an attempt to standardize Mucorales qPCR. The Fungal PCR Initiative Mucorales Laboratory Working Group distributed two panels of simulated samples to 26 laboratories: Panel A (six sera spiked with Mucorales DNA and one negative control serum) and Panel B (six Mucorales DNA extracts). Panel A underwent DNA extraction in each laboratory according to the local procedure and were sent to a central laboratory for testing using three different qPCR techniques: one in-house qPCR assay and two commercial assays (MucorGenius and Fungiplex).

Validation of a simplified HPV genotyping assay designed for cervical screening in low-resource settings.

Unlabelled: Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype predicts cervical cancer risk, and genotyping could help guide the management of HPV positives as part of cervical screening. An isothermal amplification HPV extended genotyping test (ScreenFire HPV RS assay) can assay up to 96 samples/controls in 1 hour plus preparation time. A novel format with pre-aliquoted reagents and an anti-contamination component (Zebra BioDome) could simplify the HPV testing process and reduce the chances of post-amplification contamination.

Are we serologically prepared against an avian influenza pandemic and could seasonal flu vaccines help us?

The current situation with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) is causing a worldwide concern due to multiple outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Moreover, multiple zoonotic infections in humans have been reported. Importantly, HPAI H5N1 viruses with genetic markers of adaptation to mammals have been detected.

Morphogenetic penicillin-binding proteins control virulence-associated type III secretion systems in .

Type III protein secretion systems (T3SSs) function as multiprotein devices that span the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria using the peptidoglycan (PG) layer as scaffold. This spatial arrangement explains why modifications in PG structure can alter T3SS activity. In incorporation of non-canonical D-amino acids in the PG was shown to decrease the activity of the T3SS encoded by the pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) without affecting other T3SS, like the flagellum apparatus.

Treatment with BKI-1748 after systemic dissemination in experimentally infected pregnant sheep improves fetal and lamb mortality and morbidity and prevents congenital infection.

Drug development for congenital toxoplasmosis is challenging since first-line therapy has a high rate of adverse effects and exhibits suboptimal efficacy. Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs), targeting protein kinases with small gatekeeper residues, have been found to be effective against . The efficacy of BKI-1748 administered later than 2 days post-infection (p.

Ileal Predominance in Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Increased Intestinal Surgery and Biological Therapy Use, With Lower Treatment Persistence.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) varies by location, potentially affecting therapy efficacy and surgery risk, although research on this topic is conflicting. This study aims to investigate the independent association between CD location and therapeutic patterns.

Methods: We analyzed patients with CD diagnosed from January 2005 to May 2023 registered in the nationwide ENEIDA registry.

Characteristics and Causes of Sports-Related Sudden Death in the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the burden, characteristics, and causes of sudden death in sport (SrSD) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

Methods: Retrospective observational study.

RET signalling in the pituitary: a double-edged sword for differentiation, apoptosis and therapeutic strategies in acromegaly.

The discovery of RET mutations in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) in 1993 ignited a revolution in our understanding of this versatile receptor. Since then, RET's influence has expanded to encompass diverse organs, including the pituitary gland. This review explores the multifaceted role of RET in somatotrophs, focusing on two opposing pathways: proliferation versus differentiation and apoptosis.

New Classification System for Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures: Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability Assessment.

Background: The most commonly used classification for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures has not shown good reproducibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver agreement of a new classification system for such fractures.

Methods: The study involved the development of a novel classification system that categorized these fractures into 2 main types and 2 subtypes.

Preclinical Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very challenging disease with a very poor prognosis. It is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma that hampers drug penetration and limits the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy (CT). As an alternative, the combination of CT with hyperthermia (HT) has been proposed as an innovative treatment modality for PDAC.

Anatomic vs. Ischemia-Driven Strategies for Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: In patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), the benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) added to optimal medical therapy (OMT) remains unclear. The indication to PCI may be driven either by angiographic evaluation or ischemia assessment, thus depicting different potential strategies which have not yet been thoroughly compared.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OMT versus PCI angio-guided or versus PCI non-invasive or invasive ischemia guided were identified and compared via network meta-analysis.

A new effLuc/Kate dual reporter allele for tumour imaging in mice.

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are instrumental for modelling local and systemic features of complex diseases such as cancer. Non-invasive, longitudinal cell detection and monitoring in tumors, metastases and/or the micro-environment is paramount to achieve a better spatiotemporal understanding of cancer progression and to evaluate therapies in preclinical studies. Bioluminescent and fluorescent reporters marking tumor cells or their microenvironment are valuable for non-invasive cell detection and monitoring in vivo.

Rescue stenting after failed mechanical thrombectomy: The RES-CAT study.

Introduction: The efficacy of intracranial rescue stenting (RS) following failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of RS in patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke following unsuccessful MT.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Stroke Code Registry of Catalonia (January 2016-March 2022), a prospective, population-based registry including patients treated at 10 comprehensive stroke centers.

The Positive Effect on Preterm Infants' Feeding of Human Milk During Hospitalization and at Discharge after the Opening of a Personalized Nutrition Unit.

Pasteurized donor human milk must be provided when mother's own milk (MOM) is not available for preterm infants. There are concerns that human milk banks (HMBs) and the use of donor milk may potentially reduce breastfeeding rates. To compare feeding during hospitalization and at discharge before and after the opening of a HMB and to evaluate the proportion of milk provided by mothers of premature babies, comparing the intake of MOM in infants born of donor and no donor mothers.

Treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with complex Crohn's perianal fistula in five European countries: the PREFACE study.

Background And Study Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is often complicated by perianal fistulas or abscesses that worsen patient's quality of life, with 52-88% of CD-related perianal fistulas (CPFs) being complex. This retrospective study describes sociodemographic characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with complex CPFs in five European countries.

Patients And Methods: PREFACE is a multi-national medical chart review study of CD patients who started medical or surgical treatment for a new episode of complex CPFs between September 2011 and September 2014 (index date).

Conformational effects in the identification and quantification of ketohydroperoxides in the oxidation of -pentane.

Stereochemistry plays a key role in both fundamental chemical processes and the dynamics of a large set of molecular systems of importance in chemistry, medicine and biology. Predicting the chemical transformations of organic precursors in such environments requires detailed kinetic models based on laboratory data. Reactive intermediates play a critical role in constraining the models but their identification and especially their quantification remain challenging.