Declining precipitation frequency may drive earlier leaf senescence by intensifying drought stress and enhancing drought acclimation.

Precipitation is an important factor influencing the date of foliar senescence, which in turn affects carbon uptake of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the temporal patterns of precipitation frequency and its impact on foliar senescence date remain largely unknown. Using both long-term carbon flux data and satellite observations across the Northern Hemisphere, we show that, after excluding impacts from of temperature, radiation and total precipitation by partial correlation analysis, declining precipitation frequency may drive earlier foliar senescence date from 1982 to 2022.

Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies.

The only current strategy to test efficacy of novel interventions for sustained HIV control without antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) is through an analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Inclusion of 'placebo' controls in ATIs poses ethical, logistical, and economic challenges. To understand viral dynamics and rates of post-treatment control (PTC) after ATI among PWH receiving either placebo or no intervention, we undertook an individual-participant data meta-analysis.

Assessing the seasonality of foliar nutrient concentrations in woody plants.

Seasonal variations in foliar nutrient concentrations are an important strategy of plants to adapt to different climates and availabilities of soil nutrients. Gaps in our knowledge, however, remain in both the seasonality of the concentrations of multiple nutrients in plant leaves and their spatial pattern on a large scale. We compiled data on foliar concentrations of nine essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in woody plants in China and evaluated the characteristics and latitudinal patterns of their seasonal variability (i.

Interocular astigmatic symmetry: A systematic review.

Purpose: The objective of this investigation was to consolidate the extant data pertaining to interocular astigmatic symmetry, with a view to discerning any patterns that may emerge from the research.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PICO framework. The search, conducted through September 2024, included three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) and the reference list of the selected articles, which were identified from inception.

A systematic meta-analysis of the efficacy of treatments for a global honey bee pathogen - the Varroa mite.

The western honey bee Apis mellifera is the world's most important managed pollinator. However, globally honey bees have been facing increasing colony losses due to a combination of stress factors. Foremost among these is the invasive mite Varroa destructor, which is the pathogen most commonly linked to colony losses.

Comparison of non-invasive ventilation on bilevel pressure mode and CPAP in the treatment of COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure. A propensity score-matched analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effectiveness and complications of CPAP versus non-invasive ventilation on bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in the treatment of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: ICU.

What should intensivists know about immune checkpoint inhibitors and their side effects?

The pharmacological group of immune checkpoint-inhibitors (ICI) has revolutionized the field of oncology in the last ten years. The improvements in the survival of certain cancers thanks to these treatments comes at the cost of an increased morbidity and mortality due to certain immune related adverse events (irAE). This review will concentrate on the irAE that more frequently require intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Leveraging computational modeling to explore epithelial and endothelial cell monolayer mechanobiology.

Endothelial cells (ENCs) and epithelial cells (EPCs) form monolayers whose barrier function is critical for the maintenance of physiological processes and extremely sensitive to mechanical cues. Computational models have emerged as powerful tools to elucidate how mechanical cues impact the behavior of these monolayers in health and disease. Herein, the importance of mechanics in regulating ENC and EPC monolayer behavior is established, highlighting similarities and differences in various biological contexts.

[Translated article] Prospective observational follow-up study of psychoactive drug treatment initiated in the intensive care unit.

Objective: The treatment and prevention of delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) have gained significant importance in patient care in recent years. Some studies have linked delirium with increased risks of mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and more days of mechanical ventilation. This study aims to analyse the use of psychotropic drugs initiated in the ICU and their continuation upon hospital discharge, as well as to evaluate their contribution to polypharmacy and associated adverse clinical effects.

Long-term effects of urban renewal on health and health inequalities: the Neighbourhoods Law in Barcelona, Spain.

Introduction: Few studies exist examining the long-term effects of urban renewal programmes on health. The purpose of this study is to examine the long-term effects of an urban renewal programme on the health and health inequality outcomes of residents living in the neighbourhoods intervened in Barcelona city by the Neighbourhoods Law (NL), while comparing them to a comparison group of non-intervention neighbourhoods with similar socioeconomic status.

Methods: The Barcelona Health Survey was used for studying changes in self-rated health, mental health, hypertension and meeting walking requirements set by the WHO in pre (2006) and post (2016) years of neighbourhoods intervened by the NL and a group of comparison neighbourhoods with similar socioeconomic characteristics.

Computational pathology identifies a low B-cell content in the tumour microenvironment as a predictor of adverse outcome in patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVD.

Aims: The prognostic impact of B lymphocytes surrounding Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and pathogenic variants in genes associated with apoptosis regulation remains undefined.

Methods: We have quantified the proportion of B lymphocytes in tumour microenvironment (TME) in 220 diagnostic slides from 110 cHL patients applying computational pathology (CP) and sequenced cases using a targeted panel including 47 genes recurrently mutated in mature B-cell neoplasms. Kaplan-Meier estimators and multivariate Cox regression on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed following the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis guidelines.

Protocol for the enhanced management of multimorbid patients with COPD and severe asthma: role of indoor air quality.

Introduction: Reducing unplanned hospital admissions in chronic patients at risk is a key area for action due to the high healthcare and societal burden of the phenomenon. The inconclusive results of preventive strategies in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disorders and comorbidities are explainable by multifactorial but actionable factors.The current protocol (January 2024-December 2025) relies on the hypothesis that intertwined actions in four dimensions: (1) management change, (2) personalisation of the interventions based on early detection/treatment of acute episodes and enhanced management of comorbidities, (3) mature digital support and (4) comprehensive assessment, can effectively overcome most of the limitations shown by previous preventive strategies.

Triple M overlap syndrome following pembrolizumab treatment: importance of multidisciplinary approach.

The increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice is associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events, such as cardiac, rheumatological and neurological toxicities. Myocarditis is a life-threatening complication, and the concurrent development of myocarditis, myositis and/or myasthenia leads to difficulties in diagnosis, management and treatment. We describe a case presenting with this triple M overlap syndrome following pembrolizumab treatment.

Clinical outcomes after 2-year follow-up of transvaginal radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy after 2 years follow-up of transvaginal radiofrequency ablation (TVRA) to treat myomas, and to identify factors predictive of the response to the treatment.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of a 2-year follow-up of 65 patients who underwent TVRA for the treatment uterine fibroids at Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital in Granada, Spain. Ultrasound mean fibroid volume, symptom severity scale, total bleeding days, complications, pregnancy outcomes were recorded.

The role of exploration and exploitation in primate communication.

The concepts of social learning and exploration have been central to debates in comparative cognition research. While their roles in the origins of human cumulative culture on the one hand and creativity on the other have been highlighted, the two concepts have mostly been studied separately. In this article, we examine the relationship between adopting similar or different behaviours within a group, focusing on how exploration and exploitation shape primate communication systems.

Delayed post-juvenile moult in malaria-infected Eurasian blackcaps.

Parasites have their strongest impact on fitness when host defences deplete resources needed for other critical life-history stages, such as development, breeding or migration. Among birds, one greatly neglected stage that could be altered by parasites is post-juvenile moult (PJM), through which yearling juvenile birds replace their fast-generated, low-quality juvenile feathers with adult-like feathers after leaving the nest. The earlier the birds complete PJM, the earlier they will be prepared to withstand forthcoming challenges, such as adverse winter conditions or migration.

A consensus on the definition of positive animal welfare.

The concept of animal welfare is evolving due to progress in our scientific understanding of animal biology and changing societal expectations. Animal welfare science has been primarily concerned with minimizing suffering, but there is growing interest in also promoting positive experiences, grouped under the term positive animal welfare (PAW). However, there are discrepancies in the use of the term PAW.

Bioactive nanocellulose films by incorporation of enzymatically polymerized lignin nanoparticles.

In the search of new bioactive and biobased films, the use of lignin nanoparticles (LNP) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) has gained potential relevance in the last years. In this context, an enzymatic and environmentally friendly pretreatment with laccases has been proposed in this work to modify the properties of the developed cellulose-lignin nanocomposite films. Thus, the laccase treatment successfully polymerized kraft lignin as indicated by the increase in weight average molecular weight (from 3621 to 5681 Da) and the reduction in phenol content (from 552 to 324 mg GAE/g lignin).

Orchestrated immune responses to Mycobacterium marinum natural infection in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

Mycobacterium marinum is a major pathogen in aquaculture, posing a substantial threat to the health and sustainability of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) farming. This study investigated the genetic basis of immune response in tongue sole by comparing transcriptome profiles of liver and spleen tissues from symptomatic (susceptible) and healthy (resistant) individuals during a natural M. marinum outbreak.

Improving the Use of Lifting Velocity to Predict Repetitions to Failure: A Systematic Review.

Background: A recent advancement in velocity-based training involves estimating the maximum number of repetitions to failure (RTF) by analyzing the fastest velocity recorded within a set. A systematic review examining the fundamental characteristics of the RTF-velocity relationship is still lacking.

Purpose: This study aimed to (1) determine the basic properties of the RTF-velocity relationships (goodness of fit, reliability, and accuracy) and (2) offer guidance on implementing various methodological factors that can impact the RTF accuracy prediction.

Physical Activity and Life Expectancy Free of Cancer: Prospective Evidence From the UK Biobank Study.

Background: Life expectancy free of cancer (LEFC) is a novel measure that considers both morbidity and mortality and could be a useful metric for disease surveillance and risk communication. We aimed to examine the association between physical activity and LEFC in British adults.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 292,559 apparently healthy UK Biobank participants (mean [SD] age, 56.