Evaluation of Short-Season Soybean Genotypes for Resistance and Partial Resistance to .

Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Kaufmann and Gerdemann is a soil-borne disease severely affecting soybean production worldwide. Losses caused by can be controlled by both major genes and quantitative trait locus. Here, we tested 112 short-season soybean cultivars from Northeast China for resistance to .

A retrotransposon insertion in the promoter results in erect pubescence and higher yield in soybean.

Adaptive changes in crops contribute to the diversity of agronomic traits, which directly or indirectly affect yield. The change of pubescence form from appressed to erect is a notable feature during soybean domestication. However, the biological significance and regulatory mechanism underlying this transformation remain largely unknown.

Dysfunction of GmVPS8a causes compact plant architecture in soybean.

Vacuolar Protein Sorting 8 (Vps8) protein is a specific subunit of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex that plays a key role in endosomal trafficking in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, its functions remain largely unclear in plant vegetative growth. Here, we identified a soybean (Glycine max) T4219 mutant characterized with compact plant architecture.

Deciphering the genetic basis of resistance to soybean cyst nematode combining IBD and association mapping.

IBD analysis clarified the dynamics of chromosomal recombination during the ZP pedigree breeding process and identified ten genomic regions resistant to SCN race3 combining association mapping. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most devastating pathogens for soybean production worldwide. The cultivar Zhongpin03-5373 (ZP), derived from SCN-resistant progenitor parents, Peking, PI 437654 and Huipizhi Heidou, is an elite line with high resistance to SCN race3.

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS).

Most of the breeding targets are quantitative traits. In exploring the quantitative trait locus (QTL) system of a trait, linkage mapping was established using sparse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. With the genome-wide sequencing technology advanced, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was developed for natural (germplasm) populations using dense genomic markers, which facilitates the identification of the complete QTL system with their multiple alleles on genomic locations.

Bioengineering of Soybean Oil and Its Impact on Agronomic Traits.

Soybean is a major oil crop and is also a dominant source of nutritional protein. The 20% seed oil content (SOC) of soybean is much lower than that in most oil crops and the fatty acid composition of its native oil cannot meet the specifications for some applications in the food and industrial sectors. Considerable effort has been expended on soybean bioengineering to tailor fatty acid profiles and improve SOC.

Detection of type III effector-induced transcription factors that regulate phytohormone content during symbiosis establishment in soybean.

Soybean is a pivotal protein and oil crop that utilizes atmospheric nitrogen via symbiosis with rhizobium soil bacteria. Rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) are essential regulators during symbiosis establishment. However, how the transcription factors involved in the interaction between phytohormone synthesis and type III effectors are connected is unclear.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of proportion of four-seed pods by soybean CSSLs.

Soybean yield, as one of the most important and consistent breeding goals, can be greatly affected by the proportion of four-seed pods (PoFSP). In this study, QTL mapping was performed by PoFSP data and BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator) value of the chromosome segment substitution line population (CSSLs) constructed previously by the laboratory from 2016 to 2018, and phenotype-based bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was performed using the plant lines with PoFSP extreme phenotype. Totally, 5 ICIM QTLs were repeatedly detected, and 6 BSA QTLs were identified in CSSLs.

Continuous-cropping-tolerant soybean cultivars alleviate continuous cropping obstacles by improving structure and function of rhizosphere microorganisms.

Introduction: Soybean continuous cropping will change soil microorganisms and cause continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in a significant yield decline. Different soybean cultivars have different tolerances to continuous cropping, but the relationship between continuous cropping tolerance and soil microorganisms is not clear.

Methods: Two soybean cultivars with different tolerances to continuous cropping were used to study the effects of continuous cropping on soil physical and chemical properties, nitrogen and phosphorus cyclic enzyme activities, rhizosphere soil microbial community and function.

Optimization of Regeneration and -Mediated Transformation Protocols for Bi and Multilocular Varieties of .

The regeneration of the high-yielding multilocular types has not been attempted, although successful regeneration and transformation in brassica have been done. Here, we report efficient regeneration and transformation protocols for two genotypes; UAF11 and Toria. The cv UAF11 is a multilocular, non-shattering, and high-yielding genotype, while Toria is the bilocular type.

GmWAK1, Novel Wall-Associated Protein Kinase, Positively Regulates Response of Soybean to Infection.

Phytophthora root rot is a destructive soybean disease worldwide, which is caused by the oomycete pathogen (). Wall-associated protein kinase () genes, a family of the receptor-like protein kinase () genes, play important roles in the plant signaling pathways that regulate stress responses and pathogen resistance. In our study, we found a putative Glycine max wall-associated protein kinase, GmWAK1, which we identified by soybean GmLHP1 RNA-sequencing.

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into the important pathways and key genes related to the pollen abortion in the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line 373S in Brassica napus L.

The thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) system plays a key role in the production of two-line hybrids in rapeseed (Brassica napus). To uncover key cellular events and genetic regulation associated with TGMS, a combined study using cytological methods and RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted for the rapeseed TGMS line 373S. Cytological studies showed that microspore cytoplasm of 373S plants was condensed, the microspore nucleus was degraded at an early stage, the exine was irregular, and the tapetum developed abnormally, eventually leading to male sterility.

Induction of Male Sterility by Targeted Mutation of a Restorer-of-Fertility Gene with CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in L.

L. (canola, oil seed rape) is one of the world's most important oil seed crops. In the last four decades, the discovery of cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) systems and the restoration of fertility () genes in has improved the crop traits by heterosis.

The genetic basis of high-latitude adaptation in wild soybean.

In many plants, flowering time is influenced by daylength as an adaptive response. In soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, however, photoperiodic flowering reduces crop yield and quality in high-latitude regions. Understanding the genetic basis of wild soybean (Glycine soja) adaptation to high latitudes could aid breeding of improved cultivars.

Genetic dissection of the soybean dwarf mutant with integrated genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses.

Plant height affects crop production and breeding practices, while genetic control of dwarfism draws a broad interest of researchers. Dwarfism in soybean () is mainly unexplored. Here, we characterized a dwarf mutant screened from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated seeds of the soybean cultivar Zhongpin 661(ZP).

Genome-wide association studies for soybean epicotyl length in two environments using 3VmrMLM.

Germination of soybean seed is the imminent vital process after sowing. The status of plumular axis and radicle determine whether soybean seed can emerge normally. Epicotyl, an organ between cotyledons and first functional leaves, is essential for soybean seed germination, seedling growth and early morphogenesis.

Planting models and deficit irrigation strategies to improve radiation use efficiency, dry matter translocation and winter wheat productivity under semi-arid regions.

The dry-land farming system of China relies on plastic film mulching and natural rainfall to mitigate damage caused by drought. However, the applications of deficit irrigation modes combined with the planting models can significantly increase production of wheat, dry matter translocation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) remains unidentified. Thus, in 2016-2018, we conducted field trials that implemented four deficit irrigation modes (IJF: irrigation at jointing and flowering stages; IF: irrigation at flowering stage; IJ: irrigation at jointing stage; NI: no irrigation) under two cultivation patterns (ridge furrow rainfall harvesting system (RF); traditional flat cultivation (TF)).

Fine Mapping the Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene in Soybean Cultivar Heinong 84 and Development of CAPS Markers for Rapid Identification.

Heinong 84 is one of the major soybean varieties growing in Northeast China, and is resistant to the infection of all strains of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in the region including the most prevalent strain, N3. However, the resistance gene(s) in Heinong 84 and the resistant mechanism are still elusive. In this study, genetic and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based bulk segregation analysis (BSA) were performed to map the resistance gene using a segregation population from the cross of Heinong 84 and a susceptible cultivar to strain N3, Zhonghuang 13.

Impacts of corn intercropping with soybean, peanut and millet through different planting patterns on population dynamics and community diversity of insects under fertilizer reduction.

Corn is one of the key grain crops in China and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides seriously damages the ecological environment in fields. To explore a more scientific and reasonable way to plant corn and simultaneously reduce the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the impact of corn intercropping with soybean, peanut, and millet, respectively, through five planting patterns, including three intercropping patterns (2 corn rows to 2, 3 and 4 rows of soybean/peanut or 2, 4 and 6 millet rows, respectively) and two monoculture patterns of corn and soybean, peanut or millet under normal (600 kg/ha) and reduced (375 kg/ha) levels of NPK (N:PO:KO = 15:15:15) fertilization on the population abundance and community diversity of insects, leaf nutrients, and induced plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) was studied in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the insect community indexes of the species number (), the diversity index (), and the uniformity index () generally increased under intercropping and were significantly higher than those under corn monoculture.

Role of in Ergosterol Biosynthesis by and the Associated Regulation by HSY21.

Ergosterol is an important component of the fungal cell membrane and represents an effective target of chemical pesticides. However, the current understanding of ergosterol biosynthesis in the soybean root rot pathogen remains limited. In addition, the regular use of fungicides that inhibit ergosterol synthesis will seriously harm the ecological environment and human health.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genes Related to Pollen Abortion in a Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Soybean ( (L.) Merr.).

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lays a foundation for the utilization of heterosis in soybean. The soybean CMS line SXCMS5A is an excellent CMS line exhibiting 100% male sterility. Cytological analysis revealed that in SXCMS5A compared to its maintainer SXCMS5B, its tapetum was vacuolated and abnormally developed.