Perspectives on Mars Sample Return: A critical resource for planetary science and exploration.

Mars Sample Return (MSR) has been the highest flagship mission priority in the last two Planetary Decadal Surveys of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (hereafter, "the National Academies") and was the highest priority flagship for Mars in the Decadal Survey that preceded them. This inspirational and challenging campaign, like the Apollo program's returned lunar samples, will potentially revolutionize our understanding of Mars and help inform how other planets are explored. MSR's technological advances will keep the NASA and European Space Agency at the forefront of planetary exploration, and data on returned samples will fill knowledge gaps for future human exploration.

Accelerated Screening of Highly Sensitive Gas Sensor Materials for Greenhouse Gases Based on DFT and Machine Learning Methods.

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) have caused great harm to the ecological environment, so it is necessary to screen gas sensor materials for detecting GHGs. In this study, we propose an ideal gas sensor design strategy with high screening efficiency and low cost targeting four typical GHGs (CO, CH, NO, SF). This strategy introduces machine learning (ML) methods based on density functional theory (DFT) to achieve accurate and rapid screening from a large number of candidate gas sensor materials.

Energy consumption forecasting for oil and coal in China based on hybrid deep learning.

The consumption forecasting of oil and coal can help governments optimize and adjust energy strategies to ensure energy security in China. However, such forecasting is extremely challenging because it is influenced by many complex and uncertain factors. To fill this gap, we propose a hybrid deep learning approach for consumption forecasting of oil and coal in China.

Haplotype-resolved genome of a papeda provides insights into the geographical origin and evolution of Citrus.

The publication of several high-quality genomes has contributed greatly to clarifying the evolution of citrus. However, due to their complex genetic backgrounds, the origins and evolution of many citrus species remain unclear. We assembled de novo the 294-Mbp chromosome-level genome of a more than 200-year-old primitive papeda (DYC002).

Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Materials-Based van der Waals Heterostructures.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials are subjects of intense research owing to their intriguing physicochemical properties, which hold great potential for fundamental research and spintronic applications. Specifically, 2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials retain both structural integrity and chemical stability even at the monolayer level. Moreover, due to their atomic thickness, these materials can be easily manipulated by stacking them with other 2D vdW ferroic and nonferroic materials, enabling precise control over their physical properties and expanding their functional applications.

Genomics-Driven Monitoring of Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon Ash) to Inform Conservation and EAB-Resistance Breeding.

Understanding the evolutionary processes underlying range-wide genomic variation is critical to designing effective conservation and restoration strategies. Evaluating the influence of connectivity, demographic change and environmental adaptation for threatened species can be invaluable to proactive conservation of evolutionary potential. In this study, we assessed genomic variation across the range of Fraxinus latifolia, a foundational riparian tree native to western North America recently exposed to the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis; EAB).

The role of miR-155 in cardiovascular diseases: Potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF), and acute coronary syndrome, represent a significant threat to global health and impose considerable socioeconomic burdens. The intricate pathogenesis of CVD involves various regulatory mechanisms, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators. In particular, miR-155 has demonstrated differential expression patterns across a spectrum of CVD and is implicated in the etiology and progression of arterial disorders.

Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Atmospheric ozone is a common air pollutant with known impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, the relationship between gestational ozone exposure and susceptibility to respirovirus infection remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between longitudinal ozone exposure during pregnancy and COVID-19 risk in late gestation.

More inputs of antibiotics into groundwater but less into rivers as a result of manure management in China.

Antibiotics are extensively used in livestock production to prevent and treat diseases, but their environmental impact through contamination of rivers and groundwater is a growing concern. The specific antibiotics involved, their sources, and their geographic distribution remain inadequately documented, hindering effective mitigation strategies for river and groundwater pollution control caused by livestock production. Here we develope the spatially explicit MARINA-Antibiotics (China-1.

Unveiling sialoglycans' immune mastery in pregnancy and their intersection with tumor biology.

Sialylation is a typical final step of glycosylation, which is a prevalent post-translational modification of proteins. Sialoglycans, the products of sialylation, are located on the outmost of cells and participate in pivotal biological processes. They have been identified as glyco-immune checkpoints and are currently under rigorous investigation in the field of tumor research.

N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation, a new hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the immune microenvironment.

N6-methyladenosine is one of the most common and reversible post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes, and it is involved in alternative splicing and RNA transcription, degradation, and translation. It is well known that cancer cells acquire energy through metabolic reprogramming to exhibit various biological behaviors. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A induces cancer metabolic reprogramming by regulating the expression of core metabolic genes or by activating metabolic signaling pathways.

Extraction, detection, bioactivity, and product development of luteolin: A review.

Luteolin is a kind of natural flavonoid, widely existing in a variety of plants, has been revealed to have a wide range of biological activities. In recent years, the research results of luteolin are abundant. Here we review the latest research results of luteolin in order to provide new ideas for further research and development of luteolin.

Relay intercropped soybean promotes nodules development and nitrogen fixation by root exudates deposition.

Background: Legumes, in the initial event of symbiosis, secrete flavonoids into the rhizosphere to attract rhizobia. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between crop root exudates and soybean nodule development under intercropping patterns.

Method: A two years field experiments was carried out and combined with pot experiments to quantify the effects of planting mode, i.

Pdgfrα stromal cells, a key regulator for tissue homeostasis and dysfunction in distinct organs.

Pdgfrα stromal cells are a group of cells specifically expressing Pdgfrα, which may be mentioned with distinct names in different tissues. Importantly, the findings from numerous studies suggest that these cells share exactly similar biomarkers and properties, show complex functions in regulating the microenvironment, and are critical to tissue regeneration, repair, and degeneration. Comparing the similarities and differences between distinct tissue-resident Pdgfrα stromal cells is helpful for us to more comprehensively and deeply understand the behaviors of these cells and to explore some common regulating mechanisms and therapeutical targets.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms: Implications in the early diagnosis and targeted intervention of coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a clinical syndrome of myocardial ischemia caused by structural and/or functional abnormalities of pre-coronary arterioles and arterioles. While genetics and other factors play a role in CMD etiology, the key pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Currently, the diagnostic procedure for CMD is still cumbersome, and there is a lack of effective targeted interventions.

Amitriptyline revitalizes ICB response via dually inhibiting Kyn/Indole and 5-HT pathways of tryptophan metabolism in ovarian cancer.

Reprogramming tryptophan metabolism (TRP) may be able to overcome immunosuppression and restore the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) resistant to ICB therapy because TRP metabolism is involved in the kynurenine/indole and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism. Herein, employing amitriptyline (AMI), an antagonist of TLR4 and serotonin transporter (SERT), we revealed that AMI remodels the immunological landscape of EOC. In particular, AMI lowered the expression of IDO1, IL-4I1, and PD-L1, the quantity of KYN and indoles, and the level of immunosuppressive immune cells MDSC, Tregs, and CD8CD39+/PD-1+ T cell.

Multiplex one-step direct asymmetric PCR of blood and dual-labelled probe-mediated melting curve for genotyping of MTHFR and MTRR polymorphisms.

Accurate, rapid, and multiplex SNP analysis holds significant clinical value. However, the inevitable nucleic acid extraction, involving centrifugation, heating, and magnetic separation, is often time-consuming. In this study, direct blood PCR was combined with dual-labelled probe-mediated melting curves to identify SNPs corresponding to MTHFR (C677T, rs#1801133 and A1298C, rs#1801131) and MTRR (A66G, rs#1801394) in a single tube.

Preparation of Red TiO with Excellent Visible Light Absorption from Industrial TiOSO Solution for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes.

At present, it is still difficult to significantly reduce the bandgap of TiO to promote its visible light absorption. Herein, we first synthesized sulfur-doped TiO from industrial TiOSO and then successfully synthesized red TiO nanoparticles by calcination with the N source melamine. Theoretical calculations show that predoped S could markedly decrease the formation energy and substitution energy of N-doped TiO, especially in high N/Ti ratios.

Phase Characteristics of Fluids in Offshore Buried Hill Condensate Gas Reservoirs and Their Influence on Formation Permeability.

The BZ gas field is the first large gas field in the Bohai Sea of China, with reserves of 100 billion cubic meters. Its formal operation can greatly promote local green and low-carbon development. However, the condensate gas reservoir has characteristics such as a large burial depth, a steep temperature and pressure gradient, high condensate content, developed microfractures, and a small pressure difference between the surface and dew point.

Tumor burden with AFP improves survival prediction for TACE-treated patients with HCC: An international observational study.

Background & Aims: Current prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not extensively validated and widely accepted. We aimed to develop and validate a continuous model incorporating tumor burden and biology for individual survival prediction and risk stratification.

Methods: Overall, 4,377 treatment-naive candidates for whom TACE was recommended, from 39 centers in five countries, were enrolled and divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation datasets.

Current status of FAP-directed cancer theranostics: a bibliometric analysis.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a key molecule in the field of oncology, with significant impacts on tumor diagnosis and treatment. Importantly, it has paved the way for the development of radiotracers for quinoline-based FAP inhibitors (FAPIs), which are currently among the most promising radiotracers for PET imaging in cancer. We performed a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications related to FAP and FAPI-based radiotracers, which included the quantification and visualization of current research trends and prospects based on various bibliometric indicators.

Association between the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and incident coronary heart disease: insights from a cohort study on the Chinese population.

Background: The debate persists regarding whether metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) actively contributes to coronary heart disease or merely acts as a passive indicator.

Objective: This research aims to clarify the relationship between liver fat accumulation, as quantified by FLI, and the risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Methods: Conducted from April to November 2011, the REACTION project, spearheaded by the Endocrinology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, focused on Chinese adults aged 40 and above.

Antibacterial mechanism of SHY96 cell-free supernatant against revealed by metabolomics and potential application on chicken breast meat preservation.

The cell-free supernatant of (LCFS) is considered a potential natural antimicrobial agent due to its outstanding antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrated that the cell-free supernatant of SHY96 (LCFS96) effectively inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of CMCC(B)54002 (_02) by reducing cell metabolic activity and damaging cell structure. Metabolomic analysis revealed that LCFS96 significantly altered 450 intracellular metabolites, affecting key metabolic pathways including linoleic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis, and the TCA cycle.