[Advances in pharmacological mechanism and toxicology of gambogic acid].

Gambogic acid, a caged xanthone compound derived from Garcinia, has been proven to be an important substance basis for the pharmacological effects of the plant. In recent years, it has received continuous attention due to its broad and significant pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that gambogic acid endows various therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities, as well as benefits in retinopathy, organ protection, anti-microbial infection, bone protection, and neuropathic pain relief.

Interaction mechanism of AlO abrasive in tantalum chemical mechanical polishing.

AlO abrasive is expected to enhance chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) efficiency compared to the SiO abrasive. However, AlO powder has dispersion issues and the material removal mechanism by AlO remains unclear. This study investigated the role of AlO abrasive in the tantalum CMP.

Superhydrophobic stretchable sensors based on interfacially self-assembled carbon nanotube film for self-sensing drag-reduction shipping.

Multifunctional flexible electronics integrated with superhydrophobicity and flexible sensing can greatly promote broader applications. However, the hierarchical roughness morphology of superhydrophobic surfaces is vulnerable to complex mechanical deformations of stretchable sensors leading to degradation of hydrophobic properties, so constructing robust superhydrophobic stretchable sensors remains challenging. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate superhydrophobic stretchable sensors based on self-assembled carbon nanotube (CNT) films at the air-water interface.

Slightly Li-enriched chemistry enabling super stable LiNiMnO cathodes under extreme conditions.

High voltage/high temperature operation aggravates the risk of capacity attenuation and thermal runaway of layered oxide cathodes due to crystal degradation and interfacial instability. A combined strategy of bulk regulation and surface chemistry design is crucial to handle these issues. Here, we present a simultaneous LiWO-coated and gradient W-doped 0.

Rheological behaviour, setting time, compressive strength and microstructure of mortar incorporating supplementary cementitious materials and nano-silica.

The setting time of the paste and the rheological properties and microstructure of the mortar after replacing OPC cement with silica fume (SF), fly ash cenosphere (FAC) and nano-silica are studied as a reference for shotcrete applications. The suggested contents of SF, FAC and nano-silica are around 5-7.5%, higher than 20% and 1-3%, respectively, to meet the initial setting time specification.

[Therapeutic effects of alkaloids in Tibetan medicine Bangna (Aconiti Penduli et Aconiti Flavi Radix) on osteoarthritis rats and mechanisms].

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of alkaloids in Tibetan medicine Bangna(Aconiti Penduli et Aconiti Flavi Radix) on osteoarthritis(OA) rats in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Chondrocytes were isolated from 2-3 week-old male SD rats and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce OA in chondrocytes in vitro. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to investigate the toxicity of seven alkaloids(12-epi-napelline, songorine, benzoylaconine, aconitine, 3-acetylaconitine, mesaconitine, and benzoylmesaconine) to chondrocytes.

[Mechanism of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway].

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills(ESP) in improving scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. ICR mice were randomized into blank group, model group, low-dose(200 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-dose(400 mg·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(800 mg·kg~(-1)) ESP groups, and donepezil hydrochloride group. The learning and memory impairment was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of scopola-mine.

[Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills regulate Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling pathway to alleviate Alzheimer's disease mice].

The present study investigated the mechanism of the Tibetan patent medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills(ESP) in alleviating Alzheimer's disease in mice via Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling pathway. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into a blank control group, a model group, low(200 mg·kg~(-1)), medium(400 mg·kg~(-1)) and high(800 mg·kg~(-1)) dose groups of ESP, and donepezil hydrochloride group. Except the blank control group, the other groups were given 20 mg·kg~(-1) aluminum chloride by gavage and 120 mg·kg~(-1) D-galactose by intraperitoneal injection for 56 days to establish Alzheimer's disease model.

[Protective effect and mechanism of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills on cerebral apoplexy rats].

To study the protective effect of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills on ischemic stroke rats. Ninety 4-weeks-old SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=15):sham operation group, model group, nimodipine group(12 mg·kg~(-1)), Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills high-dose group(400 mg·kg~(-1)), Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills medium-dose group(200 mg·kg~(-1)), Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills low-dose group(100 mg·kg~(-1)).The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model(PMCAO) was established in the model group, nimodipine group, and Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills groups by the improved thread plug method, while the sham operation group did not insert the thread plug.

[Serum metabolomics of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills against chronic cholestasis in mice].

A chronic cholestasis model was induced in mice by feeding a diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine(DDC). The effects of Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills(ESP) on endogenous metabolites in mice with chronic cholestasis were investigated by metabolomics analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The results showed that ESP was effective in improving pathological injury and reducing serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and total bile acid in the model mice.

[Mechanism of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills against liver injury induced by acetaminophen in mice based on Keap1/Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathways].

The present study investigated the mechanism of the Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills(ESP) against the liver injury induced by acetaminophen(APAP) in mice based on the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)/nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2) and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) p65 signaling pathways. Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) group, and high-(400 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-(200 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-dose(100 mg·kg~(-1)) ESP groups. After 14 days of continuous administration, except for those in the control group, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg·kg~(-1) APAP.

[Mechanism of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills in regulating intestinal flora and improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis].

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Songshi Pills(ESP) on the intestinal flora of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) mice. Forty-eight male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, model(methionine-choline-deficient, MCD) group, high-(0.8 g·kg~(-1)), medium-(0.

[Research progress on precious Tibetan medicine formula in prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases].

Precious Tibetan medicine formula is a characteristic type of medicine commonly used in the clinical treatment of central nervous system diseases. Through the summary of modern research on the precious Tibetan medicine formulas such as Ratnasampil, Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills, Ershiwewei Shanhu Pills, and Ruyi Zhenbao Pills, it is found that they have obvious advantages in the treatment of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, angioneurotic headache, and vascular dementia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the mechanisms of precious Tibetan medicine formulas in improving central nervous system diseases are that they promote microcirculation of brain tissue, regulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, alleviate inflammation, relieve oxidative stress damage, and inhibit nerve cell apoptosis.

[Diterpenoid alkaloids from roots of Aconitum kongboense].

The chemical constituents from the roots of Aconitum kongboense were studied. Twenty-five diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from the 95% methanol extract of the roots of A. kongboense by silica gel, reverse-phase silica gel and basic alumina column chromatography.

A review of the clinical and engineering performance of dual-mobility cups for total hip arthroplasty.

Charnley's low-friction principle of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is recognized as the gold standard. However, complications may arise, and one of the major reasons for revising THA is dislocation. Under such a background, Pr.

Discovery, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Highly Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR3) Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

We herein report the identification, structural optimization, and structure-activity relationship of thieno[2,3-]pyrimidine derivatives as a novel kind of selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibitors. -(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(6-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)thieno[2,3-]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide () was the most potent VEGFR3 inhibitor (IC = 110.4 nM) among developed compounds.

Bacteria-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.

In the past decade, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has attracted much attention in the academic circle due to its unique mechanism and abundant applications in triggering the host anti-tumor immunity. One advantage of bacteria lies in their capability in targeting tumors and preferentially colonizing the core area of the tumor. Because bacteria are abundant in pathogen-associated molecular patterns that can effectively activate the immune cells even in the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, they are capable of enhancing the specific immune recognition and elimination of tumor cells.

Microstructure design of polypropylene/expandable graphite flame retardant composites toughened by the polyolefin elastomer for enhancing its mechanical properties.

The enhanced toughness of flame-retardant polymer composites is still a big challenge due to the deterioration of their mechanical properties. In this work, polypropylene (PP)/nanohybrid expandable graphite (nEG) flame-retardant composites toughened by octene-ethylene copolymer (POE) were fabricated for obtaining good mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The structure, rheological and crystallization behaviors, morphology, flame retardancy, and mechanical property of PP/nEG/POE composites with different contents of POE were investigated.

BRD4 inhibition sensitizes aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas to PI3Kδ inhibitors by suppressing PI3K reactivation and c-MYC expression.

Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) is an important therapeutic strategy for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). However, we previously observed reactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in aggressive NHL cell lines following continuous exposure to PI3Kδ inhibitors (PI3Kδi), which limited their efficacy and suggests that more studies should be focused on this reactivation to improve current PI3Kδi-based treatments. Herein we conducted a drug synergy screening that combined a marketed PI3Kδi, idelalisib, with 14 well-characterized epigenetic drugs across several types of aggressive NHL cell lines.

Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene glycol on crystallization behaviors, thermal properties and tensile performance of polylactic acid stereocomplexes.

In this work, the poly(d-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol-poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA-PEG-PDLA) triblock copolymer as a novel modification agent was incorporated into poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PLLA. The influences of molecular weight of PEG in the triblock copolymer on the structure, crystallization behaviors, heat resistance and tensile properties of PDLA-PEG-PDLA/PLLA blends were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile testing. The results from FTIR, XRD and DSC confirm the formation of a polylactide stereocomplex in the PLLA blends.