[Effect of Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland on the Occurrence Characteristics of Microplastics in Water in the Upper Reaches of the Erhai Lake].

Microplastics （MPs）, an emerging contaminant, have been widely detected in environmental media including water, sediment, soil, and atmosphere. Exploring the occurrence and transport characteristics of MPs in different environments is essential for accurately evaluating its ecological and environmental effects. However, the extent to which a free water surface （FWS） constructed wetland alters the occurrence characteristics of MPs in water has not been clearly elucidated.

Supramolecular self-assembly for synthesis of novel chitosan-based adhesive in wood composites so as to improve waterproofing and flame retardancy.

As awareness of building safety and fire prevention grows, the demand for fire-retardant materials is gradually increasing. The need for flame-retardant wood composites is particularly urgent in public, high-rise, and commercial buildings. However, most of the current research has focused on adding flame retardants, often at the expense of mechanical properties.

Unraveling the venom constituents of the endoparasitoid Aphidius gifuensis with an emphasis on the discovery of a novel insecticidal peptide.

Background: Venom serves as a pivotal parasitic factor employed by parasitoid wasps to manipulate their hosts, creating a favorable environment for the successful growth of their progeny, and ultimately kill the host. The bioactive molecules within parasitoid venoms exhibit insecticidal activities with promising prospects for agricultural applications. However, knowledge regarding the venom components of parasitoids and the discovery of functional biomolecules from them remains limited.

Elevation Determines Fungal Diversity, and Land Use Governs Community Composition: A Dual Perspective from Gaoligong Mountains.

Soil fungi are closely tied to their surrounding environment. While numerous studies have reported the effects of land-use practices or elevations on soil fungi, our understanding of how their community structure and diversity vary with elevation across different land-use practices remains limited. In the present study, by collecting soil samples from four different land uses in the Gaoligong Mountain area, namely shrublands (SLs), coffee plantations (CPs), cornfields (CFs), and citrus orchards (COs), and combining them with the changes in altitude gradients (low: 900 m, medium: 1200 m, high: 1500 m), high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities based on the collected soil samples.

A New Genus Gen. Nov and Description of Sp. Nov. (Phyllotopsidaceae, Agaricales) from Northwestern China Based on Phylogeny, Morphology, and Divergence Time.

While investigating macrofungi diversity in Gansu province, northwestern China, five fresh and fleshy specimens were collected, which are characterized by nearly white to buff hemispherical pileus with waved margins, a disc depressed with coral to brownish red fibrillose scales, adnate to sub-decurrent lamellae with four relatively regular rows of lamellulae, a stipe that is central, hollow, frequently straight to curved; basidiospores that are globose to subglobose, 5.0-6.0 × (3.

The Diversity and Taxonomy of Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycota) with Descriptions of Four Species from Southwestern China.

Taxonomy plays a central role in understanding the diversity of life, translating the products of biological exploration and discovery specimens and observations into systems of names that settle a "classification home" to taxa. The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes family Thelephoraceae has been understudied in subtropical ecosystems. Many species of Thelephoraceae are important edible and medicinal fungi, with substantial economic value.

A multiomics investigation into the evolution and specialized metabolisms of three Toxicodendron cultivars.

Toxicodendron species are economically and medicinally important trees because of their rich sources of natural products. We present three chromosome-level genome assemblies of Toxicodendron vernicifluum 'Dali', Toxicodendron succedaneum 'Vietnam', and T. succedaneum 'Japan', which display diverse production capacities of specialized metabolites.

Numerical simulation of bubble rising behavior in a tannin-based foaming precursor resin.

A two-dimensional volume of fluid (VOF) model was developed to simulate the deformation of the bubble, the end speed of bubble rise, the distance of bubble rise and the movement trajectory in different initial conditions of tannin-based foaming precursor resin. In this study, bubble rising and coalescence characteristics are connected with parameters of the resin, especially viscosity, surface tension, the initial radius and location of the bubble also matter. The result shows that rising velocity of the bubble decreased as the viscosity increased, and at the same time, the flow rate of the bubble was lower.

New insights into the role of lipids in aroma formation during black tea processing revealed by integrated lipidomics and volatolomics.

Lipids are important tea aroma precursors. Due to the complexity of black tea processing involving both enzymatic and thermal reactions, the role of lipids in black tea aroma formation remained unclear. Herein, the dynamic changes of lipids and volatiles during black tea processing were simultaneously analyzed by lipidomics and volatolomics using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).

Effects of root-irrigation with metalaxyl-M and hymexazol on soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and the fungal diversity, community structure and function.

Fungicides are commonly applied through root irrigation in tobacco fields to control soil-borne diseases, and they affect soil microorganisms. However, the effects of metalaxyl-M and hymexazol, used to manage tobacco black shank disease, on these soil microecology remain poorly understood. This study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and the diversity, community structure and function of soil fungi in tobacco fields following root irrigation with metalaxyl-M and hymexazol.

Solvent-free ball milling activation of cellulose for efficient surface modification and pyrolysis.

Due to the innate recalcitrancy caused by robust hydrogen bonding interaction, cellulose cannot be easily processed into high-valued materials or chemicals. Herein, a solvent-free ball milling treatment was conducted to activate microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The research results demonstrated that ball milling treatment rapidly reduced the average particle size (Ð) and crystalline index (CrI) of MCC.

The fall armyworm converts maize endophytes into its own probiotics to detoxify benzoxazinoids and promote caterpillar growth.

Background: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) threatens maize production worldwide, and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) are known as the main secondary metabolites produced by maize to defend against FAW. However, we do not yet know whether and in what ways certain endophytes in the digestive system of FAW can metabolize Bxs, thus enhancing the fitness of FAW when feeding on maize.

Results: Using Bxs as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, we isolated Pantoea dispersa from the guts of FAW.

Revealing the dynamic changes of metabolites and molecular mechanisms of chlorogenic acid accumulation during the leaf development of based on multi-omic analyses.

, a medicinal plant, is utilized for Quezui Tea production from its leaf buds and young leaves. Despite prior research on revealing several medicinal compounds, the comprehensive variations in metabolites during its growth and development, along with the molecular mechanisms underlying high chlorogenic acid (CGA) yield, remain unclear. Through a joint analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics, our study first identified 15 key structural genes and 3 transcription factors influencing CGA biosynthesis in , offering new evidence to understand its regulatory network.

Unveiling the co-expression network and molecular targets behind rotenone resistance in the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a pathogenic nematode responsible for pine wilt disease, which can cause the demise of pine trees and discoloration of trunks. As rotenone is an important botanical pesticide, its impact on B. xylophilus was investigated through RNA-seq to understand the response mechanism of nematode.

Spatial correlation network structure of operational efficiency and its driving factors: A case study of star-rated hotels in China.

Accurately grasping the spatial network correlation structure of operational efficiency in star-rated hotels and its influencing factors is of great significance for promoting high-quality coordinated development of star-rated hotels and the regional tourism reception industry. Using a comprehensive approach integrating the Super-DEA model, modified gravity model, and social network analysis to explore the evolving characteristics of spatial network structure in operational efficiency of provincial star-rated hotels in China from 2013 to 2022, and their underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that: (1) During the study period, the average operational efficiency of star-rated hotels in China was 0.

Maximizing the impact of megaprojects: Urgent implications of financial inclusion drive for effective anti-poverty measures.

Megaprojects are becoming more and more essential for poverty reduction and inclusive development. Regrettably, the CPEC mega project has yet to yield successful outcomes in Pakistan. The incorporation of financial inclusion (FI) has the potential to catalyze its outcomes.

Correlation analysis of landscape patterns and urban thermal environment in Kunming based on a panel data model.

With the development of urbanization, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the urban landscape pattern play a decisive role in the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. A panel data model was constructed to study the relationship between the UHI effect and landscape pattern in Kunming from 1995 to 2020 at four different scales. The results indicate: (1) The landscape pattern of Kunming changed obviously with time, the artificial patch increased, the natural patch decreased, and the UHI effect became more and more obvious; (2) With an increase in scale, the number of influencing variables continues to grow, and the impact of artificial patches gradually intensifies; (3) The normalized difference water index (NDWI) has the greatest influence on the UHI, and the cooling effect is more obvious with the increase in scale.