First report of causing winged leaf dieback disease on in Yunnan Province, China.

Rhus chinensis, a deciduous tree of the genus Rhus (family Anacardiaceae), is widely cultivated in China for its medicinal, edible, and ornamental value (Zhang et al., 2022). In April 2022, symptoms of winged leaf dieback disease were observed at Southwest Forestry University in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (E102°45'42.

Synergy of plastics and heavy metals weakened soil bacterial diversity by regulating microbial functions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

How plastics coupled with metals regulate microbial functions-diversity relationships remain unknown in plateau soil environment. Three representative catchments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, focusing on microplastics, their plasticisers, and metals in soils, were investigated. This research explores responses of bacterial diversity and functions to the co-existence of target pollutants, and pathways by which target pollutants regulate the diversity.

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal four new wood-inhabiting fungi of and (Basidiomycota) from Southwestern China.

In the ecosystem, wood-inhabiting fungi play an indispensable role in wood degradation and the cycle of substances. They are regarded as the "key player" in the process of wood decomposition because of their ability to produce various enzymes that break down woody lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. In this study, four new wood-inhabiting fungal species, , , , and , were collected from southwestern China and were proposed based on the morphological and molecular evidence.

Influence of gut bacteria on type 2 diabetes: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategy.

The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria, making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus. This commentary examines the recent publication in . The article explores the association between T2DM and gut microbiota, with a focus on the pathophysiological changes related to dysbiosis.

Skmer approach improves species discrimination in taxonomically problematic genus (Theaceae).

Genome skimming has dramatically extended DNA barcoding from short DNA fragments to next generation barcodes in plants. However, conserved DNA barcoding markers, including complete plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences, are inadequate for accurate species identification. Skmer, a recently proposed approach that estimates genetic distances among species based on unassembled genome skims, has been proposed to effectively improve species discrimination rate.

AmelOBP4: an antenna-specific odor-binding protein gene required for olfactory behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Background: Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) initiate the process of odorant perception. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that OBPs bind a broad variety of chemicals and are more likely to carry pheromones or odor molecules with high binding affinities. However, few studies have investigated its effects on insect behavior.

Impact of tourism on bird behavior: A comparison of flight initiation distance between birds in areas of tourist and non-tourist attraction.

Tourism, as an important manifestation of urbanization, is becoming increasingly popular. Although it offers numerous advantages for the local community, it also exerts a multifaceted impact on local wildlife. Previous research on the effects of tourism has mainly focused on protected areas or tourist spots, rarely considering the surrounding non-tourist attraction areas.

Identification of Kunitz-Type Inhibitor Gene Family of Reveals a Stress Tolerance Function in Inverted Cuttings.

Plant protease inhibitors are a ubiquitous feature of plant species and exert a substantial influence on plant stress responses. However, the (Kunitz trypsin inhibitor) family responding to abiotic stress has not been fully characterized in . In this study, we conducted a genome-wide study of the family and analyzed their gene structure, gene duplication, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and response to stress treatment.

Integrative Targeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of Leaf Coloration in 'Sakimp005'.

One of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants is leaf color, which enhances the color of plant landscapes and attracts pollinators for reproduction. The leaves of 'Sakimp005' are initially green, then the middle part appears yellow, then gradually become white, while the edge remains green. In the study, leaves of 'Sakimp005', in four developmental stages (S1-G, S2-C, S3-C, and S4-C), were selected for the determination of pigment content, chromaticity values, integrative metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses.

Complete chloroplast genome of eight Phaius (Orchidaceae) species from China: comparative analysis and phylogenetic relationship.

Background: Phaius Lour. (Collabieae, Orchidaceae) is a small genus consisting of about 45 species, with highly ornamental and medicinal values. However, the phylogenetic relationship of Phaius among Calanthe s.

Two new sesquiterpenoids and two new diterpenoids from Croton lauioides with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.

Two new tropolone-bearing sesquiterpenoids (1-2), two new dolabrane-type diterpenoids (3-4) along with eight known compounds as ionone-type sesquiterpenoid (5), oleanane triterpenoid (6), vanillin and its derivative (7-8), neolignan (9), two lignans (10-11), flavanonol glycoside (12) were isolated from whole plants of Croton lauioides Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts.

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal three new plant pathogenic fungi species (Septobasidiales, Basidiomycota) from China.

Three new fungal species, , and , are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. The taxon is characterized by the coriaceous basidiomata with a cream surface, cylindrical basidia, straight, 4-celled, subglobose or ovoid probasidia and thin-walled, narrowly cylindrical basidiospores with septa, measuring as 7-9 × 3.5-4.

Comparative analysis of HKTs in six poplar species and functional characterization of PyHKTs in stress-affected tissues.

Plant HKTs (High-affinity K transporters) are essential transporters for ion transport and homeostasis and play crucial roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, the evolution of HKTs in Populus species and their functions require further investigation. In this study, we identified 16 HKTs from six Populus species.

A Gene from Tea Plants Intercropped with Chinese Chestnut Plays an Important Role in Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Tea plant () is an important horticultural crop. The quality and productivity of tea plants is always threatened by various adverse environmental factors. Numerous studies have shown that intercropping tea plants with other plants can greatly improve the quality of their products.

Metagenomic Insights into the Enhancement of Bioavailable Nitrogen in Continuous Cropping Soil Through the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residue Following Fumigation.

Chemical fumigation can effectively inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases; however, this approach can negatively affect the structure of the soil microbial community. The combination of soil fumigant and organic fertilizer application thus represents a widely adopted strategy in agricultural practice. Traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) is a high-quality organic fertilizer; however, the impact of post-fumigation TCMR application on keystone taxa and their functional traits remains uncertain.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family in Mikania micrantha.

Background: WRKY transcription factors (TFs) regulate plant responses to environmental stimuli and development, including flowering. Despite extensive research on different species, their role in the invasive plant Mikania micrantha remains to be explored. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze WRKY genes in M.

Estimating forest aboveground carbon sink based on landsat time series and its response to climate change.

Accurately estimating forest carbon sink and exploring their climate-driven mechanisms are critical to achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Fewer studies have used machine learning-based dynamic models to estimate forest carbon sink. The climate-driven mechanisms in Shangri-La have yet to be explored.

Interspecific association of herbaceous plant communities on different slope orientations and at different altitudes in central Yunnan grasslands.

Aims: Understanding the response of herbaceous plants to habitat changes and the mechanisms of vegetation succession is crucial to the theoretical foundation of the conservation of local vegetation.

Methods: Plots were established at elevations of 1900-2200m, 2200-2500m, and 2500-2800m on both shady and sunny slopes. Four statistical methods 2×2 contingency table χ-test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, AC joint coefficient, 17 and Ochiai Index, were employed to analyze the species composition and interspecific associations within each elevation band and aspect.

VPS28 regulates triglyceride synthesis via ubiquitination in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

VPS28 (vacuolar protein sorting 28) is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) and is involved in ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a critical system for protein degradation in eukaryotes. Considering the recent findings on the role of ubiquitination in the regulation of lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that VPS28 might affect the expression of genes involved in milk fat synthesis.

Constructing a green modifier by using glyoxal-urea resin and chitosan to obtain a modified soy protein adhesive with high bonding strength and excellent water resistance.

The manufacturing of soy-based adhesives with high bonding strength, excellent water resistance, and exceptional environmental performance still faces difficulties. In this work, using glyoxal-urea (GU) resin, chitosan (CS), and soy protein isolate (SPI) as the primary raw materials in order to effectively mitigate the release of free formaldehyde commonly found in traditional wood-based panels. Obtaining an adhesive with high strength, excellent water resistance, and a stable cross-linking structure of GU/CS/SPI (CS represents different mass fractions of chitosan solution).

Genomic Features of and the Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis.

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) have broad applications in biomedicine, biocontrol, and the food industry. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and annotation of were conducted, followed by comparative genomic analysis with 11 other species of Polyporales to examine genomic variations and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, transcriptome data were used to analyze the differential expression of polyketide synthase (PKS), terpene synthase (TPS) genes, and transcription factors (TFs) under different culture conditions.

FastQAFPN-YOLOv8s-Based Method for Rapid and Lightweight Detection of Walnut Unseparated Material.

Walnuts possess significant nutritional and economic value. Fast and accurate sorting of shells and kernels will enhance the efficiency of automated production. Therefore, we propose a FastQAFPN-YOLOv8s object detection network to achieve rapid and precise detection of unsorted materials.

Three new compounds of Umbelopsis dimorpha VDG10, a dominant endophytic fungus from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight.

Three novel compounds, including an aromatic amino acid, dimorine A (1), a suncheonoside derivative, dimoroside A (2), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside, dimoroside B (3), together with four known compounds (4-7) were separated from Umbelopsis dimorpha VDG10, the predominant endophytic fungus found in the roots of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight (Ericaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the ECD spectrum confirmed the absolute configuration of 3. In addition, the antifungal activities of novel compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated.

Forest aboveground biomass estimation based on spaceborne LiDAR combining machine learning model and geostatistical method.

Estimation of forest biomass at regional scale based on GEDI spaceborne LiDAR data is of great significance for forest quality assessment and carbon cycle. To solve the problem of discontinuous data of GEDI footprints, this study mapped different echo indexes in the footprints to the surface by inverse distance weighted interpolation method, and verified the influence of different number of footprints on the interpolation results. Random forest algorithm was chosen to estimate the spruce-fir biomass combined with the parameters provided by GEDI and 138 spruce-fir sample plots in Shangri-La.

[Adverse Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Soil Microplastics on Crops and Its Preventive Strategies].

Microplastics （MPs）, as a type of emerging environmental pollutant with a particle size < 5 mm, have been frequently detected in environmental matrices. MPs pollution in soils has been attracting the scientific community due to the increasing contaminant areas and continuous accumulation, leading to a high risk to crop production. In addition, recent studies have observed that long-term exposure to MPs could seriously harm the soil ecosystem because of their fine particle size and persistence in soils.