Ordered Macroporous Superstructure of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon Implanted with Ultrafine Ru Nanoclusters for Efficient pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an attractive technology for the mass production of hydrogen. Ru-based materials are promising electrocatalysts owing to the similar bonding strength with hydrogen but much lower cost than Pt catalysts. Herein, an ordered macroporous superstructure of N-doped nanoporous carbon anchored with the ultrafine Ru nanoclusters as electrocatalytic micro/nanoreactors is developed via the thermal pyrolysis of ordered macroporous single crystals of ZIF-8 accommodating Ru(III) ions.

Optogenetic control of plant growth by a microbial rhodopsin.

While rhodopsin-based optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience, poor expression of opsins and the absence of the essential cofactor all-trans-retinal has complicated the application of rhodopsins in plants. Here, we demonstrate retinal production in plants and improved rhodopsin targeting for green light manipulation of plant cells using the Guillardia theta light-gated anion channelrhodopsin GtACR1. Green light induces a massive increase in anion permeability and pronounced membrane potential changes when GtACR1 is expressed, enabling non-invasive manipulation of plant growth and leaf development.

Benzo/Naphthodifuranone-Based Polymers: Effect of Perpendicular-Extended Main Chain π-Conjugation on Organic Field-Effect Transistor Performances.

For polymer semiconductors, the backbone structure plays an essential role in determining their physicochemical properties and charge transport behaviors. In this work, two donor-acceptor-type polymers (P-BDF and P-NDF) based on benzodifuranone (BDF) and naphthodifunarone (NDF) as electron-deficient moieties and indaceno-dithiophene as electron-rich groups are designed, synthesized and, for the first time, applied in organic field-effect transistor. P-BDF and P-NDF differ from their backbone structures while P-BDF has a more planar backbone conformation due to its smaller conjugated core size and P-NDF features a perpendicular-extended main chain structure.

Static interface profiles for contact lines on an elastic membrane with the Willmore energy.

We consider a fluid interface in contact with an elastic membrane and study the static profiles of the interface and the membrane. Equilibrium conditions are derived by minimizing the total energy of the system with volume constraints. The total energy consists of surface energies and the Willmore energy; the latter penalizes the bending of the membrane.

Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) causes disorganization of the cytoskeleton and dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and abnormal vascular development in zebrafish embryos.

Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been used worldwide, to boost size and improve quality of various agricultural products. CPPU and its metabolites are persistent and have been detected frequently in fruits, water, sediments, and organisms in aquatic systems. Although the public became aware of CPPU through the exploding watermelon scandal of 2011 in Zhenjiang, China, little was known of its potential effects on the environment and wildlife.

Extension of Compositional Space to the Ternary in Alloy Chiral Nanoparticles through Galvanic Replacement Reactions.

Metal chiral nanoparticles (CNPs), composed of atomically chiral lattices, are an emerging chiral nanomaterial showing unique asymmetric properties. Chirality transmission from the host CNPs mediated with galvanic replacement reactions (GRRs) has been carried out to extend their compositional space from the unary to binary. Further compositional extension to, e.

Screening of Xanthones from Identified Oliganthin H as a Novel Natural Inhibitor of Convulsions.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and transient seizures, and affects more than 70 million people worldwide. Although two dozen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved and available in the market, seizures remain poorly controlled in one-third of epileptic patients who are suffering from drug resistance or various adverse effects. Recently, the xanthone skeleton has been regarded as an attractive scaffold for the discovery and development of emerging anticonvulsants.

Behavioural Effects and Market Dynamics in Field and Laboratory Experimental Asset Markets.

A vast literature investigating behavioural underpinnings of financial bubbles and crashes relies on laboratory experiments. However, it is not yet clear how findings generated in a highly artificial environment relate to the human behaviour in the wild. It is of concern that the laboratory setting may create a confound variable that impacts the experimental results.

Theory for the Charge-Density-Wave Mechanism of 3D Quantum Hall Effect.

The charge-density-wave (CDW) mechanism of the 3D quantum Hall effect has been observed recently in ZrTe_{5} [Tang et al., Nature 569, 537 (2019)10.1038/s41586-019-1180-9].

Compromised Behavior and Gamma Power During Working Memory in Cognitively Healthy Individuals With Abnormal CSF Amyloid/Tau.

Research shows that gamma activity changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), revealing synaptic pathology and potential therapeutic applications. We aim to explore whether cognitive challenge combined with quantitative EEG (qEEG) can unmask abnormal gamma frequency power in healthy individuals at high risk of developing AD. We analyzed low (30-50 Hz) and high gamma (50-80 Hz) power over six brain regions at EEG sensor level (frontal/central/parietal/left temporal/right temporal/occipital) in a dataset collected from an aging cohort during N-back working memory (WM) testing at two different load conditions ( = 0 or 2).

SATMF Suppresses the Premature Senescence Phenotype of the ATM Loss-of-Function Mutant and Improves Its Fertility in .

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development. It is accompanied by the remobilization of nutrients from senescent leaves to developing organs. The occurrence of senescence is the consequence of integrating intrinsic and environmental signals.

Precisely Controlling the Position of Bromine on the End Group Enables Well-Regular Polymer Acceptors for All-Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 15.

Recent advances in the development of polymerized A-D-A-type small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) have promoted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) over 13%. However, the monomer of an SMA typically consists of a mixture of three isomers due to the regio-isomeric brominated end groups (IC-Br(in) and IC-Br(out)). In this work, the two isomeric end groups are successfully separated, the regioisomeric issue is solved, and three polymer acceptors, named PY-IT, PY-OT, and PY-IOT, are developed, where PY-IOT is a random terpolymer with the same ratio of the two acceptors.

Azido-Cyanide Mixed-Bridged Fe-Ni Complexes.

The successful introduction of azide ions as secondary bridges into the Fe-Ni cyanide system afforded two clusters and one unique 4(3),2-ribbon chain: [(bpzpy)Ni(μ-1,1-N){(pzTp)Fe(CN)}]·3HO [; bpzpy = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine, and pzTp = tetrakis(pyrazolyl)borate], [(L1)Ni(μ-1,1,1-OCH)(μ-1,1-N)(HO){(Tp)Fe(CN)}]·2CHOH·HO [; Tp = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate, and HL1 = 2,6-bis{(2-hydroxypropylimino)methyl}-4-methylphenol], and [(L2)Ni(μ-1,1-N){(pzTp)Fe(CN)}] (; L2 = 2-{[phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene]amino}ethan-1-amine). Both and feature the centrosymmetric {Fe-Ni-Fe} and {Fe-Ni-Fe} rodlike structures in which the two peripheral [(Tp)Fe(CN)] anions act as monodentate ligands via one cyanide group to link the central azide-bridged [Ni] and [Ni] subunit, respectively, while displays an extended structure of the double-zigzag (4,2-ribbon) chain in which the double end-on azide-bridged trinuclear [Ni] subunits serve as the 4-connected nodes. Magnetic study revealed that intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling is dominated by the azide or cyanide bridges in all of the complexes.

Ligand-regulated self-assembly of luminescent Au nanoparticles towards diverse controllable superstructures.

Only using one type of amphiphilic block copolymers as a template, we present a facile and robust approach to in situ fabricate a series of brightly emitting Au nano-assemblies with high controllability and tunability. Simply by altering thiol ligands, the Au nano-assemblies display diverse superstructures including fibers, vesicles, and honeycombs.

Pressure-Engineered Photoluminescence Tuning in Zero-Dimensional Lead Bromide Trimer Clusters.

Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides are promising light emitters. However, it is still challenging to accurately design their structures with targeted photoluminescence properties. Herein, high pressure is used to change the self-trapped exciton (STE) emission of 0D (bmpy) [ZnBr ] [Pb Br ] (bmpy: 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium).

Biomimetic Recognition and Optical Sensing of Carboxylic Acids in Water by Using a Buried Salt Bridge and the Hydrophobic Effect.

Buried salt bridges widely exist in protein structures but are rarely used in synthetic systems for molecular recognition in water. By mimicking the binding pocket of bioreceptors, we designed and synthesized a pair of endo-functionalized macrocyclic hosts with secondary ammonium groups in a hydrophobic cavity. We found that these macrocycles are able to selectively recognize carboxylic acids in water through salt bridges and the hydrophobic effect.

Centimeter-Deep NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging with Nontoxic AIE Probes in Nonhuman Primates.

Fluorescence probes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are of great importance in biomedical imaging with superior spatial and temporal resolution. However, the lack of toxicity studies and deep tissue imaging in nonhuman primates hinders their clinical translation. Here, we report the blood chemistry and histological analysis in nonhuman primates treated with AIE probes over tenfold of an intravenous dose of clinically used indocyanine green (ICG) during a study period of 36 days to demonstrate AIE probes are nontoxic.

Mining urban sustainable performance: Spatio-temporal emission potential changes of urban transit buses in post-COVID-19 future.

Emission benefits of transit buses depend on ridership. Declines in ridership caused by COVID-19 leads uncertainty about the emission reduction capacity of buses. This paper provides a method framework for analyzing spatio-temporal emission patterns of buses in combination with real-time ridership and potential emission changes in the post-COVID-19 future.

Exploring the Space of Possibilities in Cascading Disasters with Catastrophe Dynamics.

Some of the most devastating natural events on Earth, such as earthquakes and tropical cyclones, are prone to trigger other natural events, critical infrastructure failures, and socioeconomic disruptions. Man-made disasters may have similar effects, although to a lesser degree. We investigate the space of possible interactions between 19 types of loss-generating events, first by encoding possible one-to-one interactions into an adjacency matrix A, and second by calculating the interaction matrix M of emergent chains-of-events.

Nonuniversal Power Law Distribution of Intensities of the Self-Excited Hawkes Process: A Field-Theoretical Approach.

The Hawkes self-excited point process provides an efficient representation of the bursty intermittent dynamics of many physical, biological, geological, and economic systems. By expressing the probability for the next event per unit time (called "intensity"), say of an earthquake, as a sum over all past events of (possibly) long-memory kernels, the Hawkes model is non-Markovian. By mapping the Hawkes model onto stochastic partial differential equations that are Markovian, we develop a field theoretical approach in terms of probability density functionals.

Interpreting, analysing and modelling COVID-19 mortality data.

We present results on the mortality statistics of the COVID-19 epidemic in a number of countries. Our data analysis suggests classifying countries in five groups, (1) Western countries, (2) East Block, (3) developed Southeast Asian countries, (4) Northern Hemisphere developing countries and (5) Southern Hemisphere countries. Comparing the number of deaths per million inhabitants, a pattern emerges in which the Western countries exhibit the largest mortality rate.

Addition of the Electronic Educational Material to Doctor's Face-to-Face Education Has No Additive Effects on Hypertension Control: A Randomized Single Blind Study.

Background: Patient education is effective for HTN treatment. There are many methods of patient education improving HTN control. Are there additive effects of combination of different educational methods for HTN treatment?

Objective: To assess the effects of addition of the electronic educational material to doctor's face-to-face education for HTN control.

Organocatalytic Regio- and Enantioselective 1,8-Additions of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nucleophiles to 6-Methylene-6-indoles.

Remote stereocontrolled 1,8-addition of heteroatom nucleophiles to 6-methylene-6-indoles generated from 6-indolylmethanols has been developed for the first time. With the aid of a chiral phosphoric acid, 6-indolylmethanols reacted with benzotriazoles to furnish 1,8-adducts with a nitrogen-containing tertiary carbon stereocenter in 54-80% yield with 76-92% ee. Importantly, the stereoselective 1,8-addition of benzotriazoles featured N selectivity.